1、 阅读理解专题 南京 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项 涂黑。 A Don Quijoteby Cervantes Saavedra Much reading and book- learning can drive you to try and become one of the characters in your favorite novels.This is what happens to Don Quixote, who attempts many knightly （骑士） a
2、cts while stopped by a world that has rejected knightly virtues. Cervantes combines all three elements- madness,comedy,and fantasy- in between conversations and adventures. A Treatise of Human Natureby David Hume Examining a scientifically applied moral philosophy is the goal of this Treatise. Build
3、ing on early complaints against the endless guesses and arguments between philosophers,this work promotes a move away from metaphysical speculation(形而上学的思辨） and a permanent shift toward systems based on observational fact. Noneby B.Kovner Einsteins favourite reading during his last few months of his
4、 life were humorist stories of B. Kovner,a writer for the Jewish Daily Forward.Kovner wrote a series of humorist stories in Yiddish for the forward. “The Brothers Karamasovby Dostoevsky In the book,each character is representative of one of the ruling classes. There is the father Fyodor, the landown
5、er who is careless about his land,but greedy in using its produce for himself. Theres Dmitri,who has been passed around from house to house.And gentle Alyosha,the mystic peacemaker.Throughout are themes of love,law,and duty,which makes this one of the best Dostoyesky books to read. 21.Which book pro
6、bably explores the link between science and human nature? A.None B.Don Quijote C.A Treatise of Human Nature D.The Brothers Karamasov 22.Which of the following contributes to the popularity of The Brothers Karamasov? A.Rich imagination. B.Humor applied to writing. C.Themes of love,law and duty. D.Cha
7、racters representing ruling classes. 23.Whats the purpose of the passage? A.To inform readers of the books. B.To share studies of the books. C.To evaluate the contents of the books. D.To compare the features of the books. B The other day a big,ugly,black bat found its way to the bathroom of my house
8、 and hung, upside down,over the toilet bowl.Asthe man of the house,I was asked to rid the house of the awful creature.I grabbed a pillow and held the broom.I quickly opened the bathroom door and threw the pillow at the bat.It didnt move.Then that old feeling started to come over me.It was the same f
9、eeling I experienced when I was sent down the stairs in the middle of the night to see what made a noise.The feeling can be summed up in one word- trapped. All men,I think,sometimes have had that feeling of being trapped in some male role.It may be something as simple as having to carve the chicken
10、before it is served,or having to pretend that you know something about car engines when the car wont start.However,women nowadays seem to have the freedom to be themselves.They can repair cars or be fire fighters.Yet men appear to be more afraid to do something different.Its as if being a man is not
11、 what you are,but what you do and the way you do it. As I came towards the fierce and frightening bat,I wondered what would happen if I had simply told my wife that I wont do it- that she could get it out,or else call someone in the morning. But I couldnt do that!I am the man!I slowly opened the win
12、dow and closed the toilet bowl cover.I then,carefully,lifted the broom over my head and swept the bat out the window.Just like that,it was gone. My wife was so pleased and in the morning,my son thought I was a hero.They asked me how I had got rid of the bat.I started to tell them- but then stopped.A
13、 man doesnt talk of such things. 24.Why does the author mention the old feeling in Paragraph 1? A.To recall the old days. B.To show his fear of darkness. C.To predict his fight with the bat. D.To highlight the situation of being trapped. 25.What does the author mean by mentioning women s freedom in
14、Paragraph 2? A.Men are forced to bear household burdens. B.Men have to live up to social expectations. C.Women are free to choose their jobs. D.Women are equal to men in workplaces. 26.The last sentence of the passage implies that the author A.believes silence is gold B.feels proud of himself C.will
15、 do what he has to do D.will be what he wants to be 27.How does the author sound in the passage? A.Angry. B.Humorous. C.Desperate. 1D.Serious. C On July 17,2017,Olympic diver Greg Louganis and his birth father,Fouvale Lutu,finally wrapped their arms around each other in their first official father-
16、son hug.It was just meant to be, Louganis said of joining his father in Honolulu for an extended Lutu family reunion.Its so wonderful to have him with us,said Lutu.whose three other children were also in attendance.And this is more of a beginning,added Louganis. But the four- day celebration also ma
17、rked the conclusion of an emotional lifelong journey for Louganis,57,who was put up for adoption as a baby and struggled for years with the feeling that his biological parents never loved him.His adoptive parents were always open with him about that.But the adoption organization had lost Louganis s
18、files in a fire,and unanswered questions led to troubled times for the young athlete.Later,Louganis got to know his biological parents had been young and had no choice in giving him up for adoption.That kind of helped ease the question of whether I was loved,he said. Feeling moreat peaceabout his fa
19、mily,Louganis turned his focus to diving.By the time he was 28,hed become a four- time Olympic gold medalist.Among his biggest fans was Lutu,who for years had quietly followed his sons life from afar.Then in 1984,Lutu decided to meet him when Louganis was in Honolulu. Face- to- face with his son for
20、 the first time,Lutu was emotional.Like me,hes a man of few words.But he told me hed wanted to raise me,said Louganis.Despite his skepticism,Louganis continued to meet with Lutu.He never asked for anything,said Louganis.He just wanted to know if I was okay and that I was happy. The reunion gave Loug
21、anis a lot to look forward to.I have family there,he said,almost in disbelief.Its an incredible gift that Ive been given. 28.What happened to Louganis on July 17,2017? A.He won an Olympic gold medal. B.He officially joined the Lutu family. C.He met his birth father for the first time. D.He began his
22、 journey to find more relatives. 29.What does the underlined wordthat”in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.The truth that he was adopted. B.The fact that his files were lost. C.The reason why he was abandoned. D.The belief that he was not loved. 30.In Lougniss eyes,Lutu is_ A.considerate and caring B.courageo
23、us and calm C.optimistic and generous D.ambitious and traditional 31.After the family reunion,Lougnis felt a sense of A.shock B.belonging C.relief D.achievement D篇 Education appears to protect older adults especially women,against memory loss,according to a study by investigators at Georgetown Unive
24、rsity Medical Center. The Study tested declarative memory in 704 older adults(58- 98 years of age).Declarative memory refers to our ability to remember events facts.and words,such as where you put your keys or the name of that new neighbor The investigators found that their memory performance became
25、 progressively worse with aging However more years of early- life education countered these Tosses, especially in women. For example,the declarative memory abilities of an 80- year- old woman with a bachelors degree would be as good as those of a 60- vear- old woman with a high school education.So,f
26、our extra years of education make up for the memory losses from 20 years of aging. Simply said,learning brings about learningsays the studys senior investigator,Michael Unman.Since learning new information in declarative memory is easier if it is related to knowledge we already have,more knowledge f
27、rom more education should result in better memory abilities,even years later,adds the studys lead author,Jana Reifegerste. Evidence suggests that girls often have better declarative memory than boys,so education may lead to greater knowledge gains in girls,says Ullman.“Education may thus particularl
28、y benefit memory abilities in women,even years later in old age. The study tested individuals in a non- Western population.Participants varied in the number of years of education,from none at all to graduate studies.Future research is needed to test whether the findings generalize to other populatio
29、ns,Ullman says. These findings may be important,especially considering the rapidly aging population globally,Reifegerste says.The results argue for further efforts to increase access to education. Education has also been found to delay the beginning of Alzheimers disease,Ullman says.We believe that
30、our findings may shed light on why this occurs. 32.The underlinedcounterin Paragraph 2 probably means A.cancel B.change C.replace D.reduce 33.What does the underlined worditin Paragraph 4 refer to? A.New information. B.Declarative memory. C.Former education. D.Better memory ability. 34.The research
31、findings may help A.slow down the process of aging B.promote the development of education C.advance the study of Alzheimers disease D.ensure the equal rights of women s education 35.The passage mainly talks about that A.declarative memory abilities fail with aging B.women should try to obtain a bach
32、elors degree C.learning regularly helps improve old adults memory D.early- life education helps prevent memory loss in old age 阅读 21- 23 CCA 24- 27 DBCB 28- 31 BAAB 32- 35 DACD A 篇是四本书的简介，文章简单，快速阅读查找出定位词即可选出正确答案。 B 篇是一篇男人对自己不得不去驱逐家中蝙蝠的叙述与内心感受，语调幽默，文章难度一般，要 求学生掌握文章快速理解能力，并能从文中精准概括出所需信息并理解作者的观点取向。 C 篇
33、文章讲述了一个跳水运动员在年幼时因亲生父母太过年轻而被抛弃， 但生父一直在默默关注 并关心着他，最终一家人团聚，跳水运动员回归家族的故事。故事比较清晰，叙述简短有力，易 于理解。29 题比较带有迷惑性，需要考生仔细阅读并理解上下文本做出判断。 D 篇文章通过实验说明讲述了教育可以帮助人们，特别是女性，在年老的时候减缓衰老、减少疾 病发生的功能。文章段落层次分明，内容清晰，难度一般。 详细解析： A 篇 第 21 题 C 由题干要求： “哪本书探索了科学与人文的联系？”， 结合右上框内容的题目“A Treatise of Human Nature”与第一段所说”检验被科学所适用的道德哲学是本书的
34、目标“可知本书探讨科学 与人文的联系，所以此题选 C。 第 22 题 C 由题干“促成卡拉马索夫兄弟这本书受欢迎的因素”定位到右下内容，由最后一句 话”Throughout are themes of love, law, and duty, which makes this one of the best Dostoyesky books to read“可知本书的主题”love, law ,and duty”是促成其受欢迎的因素，所以本题选 C。 第 23 题 A 由题目所问这篇文章的目的是什么，B 选项“分享对这些书的研究”，而本文只是对四 本书进行简要介绍，并未进行研究，所以 B 错误
35、，C 选项“评估这些书的内容”。而从本文并不能 看出作者对这些书的主观评论，所以 C 错误，D 选项”比较这些书的特点”,本文的四块内容是独 立的且都是在简要介绍四本书各自的主题与内容，并未做出比较，所以 D 错误，A 选项“向读者 提起这些书”，文章简要介绍了四本书的内容与主题，即向读者提起这四本书所以本题选 A。 B 篇 第 24 题 D 由题干“为什么作者在第一段要提及他旧的感觉？”， 由第一段前半部分可知作者作为 家里的男人被要求去驱逐蝙蝠，而作者用枕头砸蝙蝠却不奏效，而从第一段最后一个词”trapped” 可知作者通过驱逐蝙蝠想起的旧的感觉是被困住的， 于是我们可以知道作者在驱逐蝙蝠
36、这件事上 也是感到被困住的，又由第二段第一句作者的观点“我认为所有的男人有时都会有作为男性角色 而感到被困住的感觉”，因此作者在第一段提及旧的感觉是为了强调被困住的情景以更好地展开 第二段的论述，所以本题选 D。 第 25 题 B 题干“作者提及女人们的自由是为了表达什么？”，第二段第一句作者观点“我认为所 有的男人有时都会有作为男性角色而感到被困住的感觉”，可知作者是在讨论关于男人的话题， 所以看 AB 选项， A 选项本文并未提到担当家庭的重任， B 选项“实现社会寄予的期许” 由第二段 第三句”However，women nowadays seem to have the freedom
37、 to be themselves.”与第二段最后一 句”Its as if being a man is not what you are, but what you do and the way you do it.可知女人们在当 下有做自己的自由而作为男人不在于你是谁而在于你做了什么和你如何去做这件事， 因此社会对 男人们的期许是男人们做了什么与如何去做的，所以本题选 B。 第 26 题 C 由文章最后一句话”A man doesnt talk of such things”又由前文作者成功把蝙蝠驱逐出 去妻子因此非常高兴， 儿子以他为英雄， 又由第二段最后一句”Its as if be
38、ing a man is not what you are, but what you do and the way you do it.可知作者认为作为一个男人在于他做了什么所以作者将 要继续做他必须做的而不是只会说。 第 27 题 B 这篇文章说话语气很搞笑，比如蝙蝠倒挂在家里的马桶里，而且作为家里唯一的男 人，我的心理活动是超级无敌想退但是实际不能退却，要装得非常 man，爸爸力 max. 当老婆和 儿子问我如何摆脱蝙蝠的时候，我本来想告诉他们，但是需要装逼，所以选择了沉默不语，无论 是语言还是行为，都是比较幽默的，选 humorous。 C 篇 第 28 题 B 定位到第一段第二行，“
39、finally wrapped their arms around each other in their first official father- son hug”, 可知 Louganis 第一次正式加入了他原先的家庭。而据第三段倒数第二行可知， 他与父亲的第一次见面应在 1984 年。 第 29 题 A 根据文章上下文,可定位至第二段第二行处“who was put up for adoption as a baby and struggled for years that.” 所以可知是 Louganis 的养父母从来没有对他隐瞒他是被领养的这件事。 B 选项的文件及 C 选项被抛
40、弃的理由在后文才有提及，无法被指代。 第 30 题 A 由多年默默关注儿子最终决定与其相认的决定及第四段倒数一二行，“he never asked for anything” “he just wanted to know if I was okay and that I was happy”可知，lutu 是一位考虑周 到、十分细心体贴又关怀儿子的父亲。 第31题 B 定位至文本最后一小节Louganis的话， “I have a family there”, “its an incredible gift that Ive been given.”可知他获得了一种归属感。 D 篇 第 32
41、 题 D 根据下文对文本的阐释“the declarative memory abilities of an 80- year- old woman with a bachelors degree would be as good as those of a 60- year- old woman with a high school education”可 知，教育可以减少记忆能力的衰退。 第 33 题 A 根据上下文可知“since learning new information in declarative memory is easier.”可知 是新学到的信息和原先已有的知识有关学
42、起来会更容易。 第34题 C 可根据最后一段最后一行“shed light on why it occurs”可知此实验有助于帮助阿尔兹海 默症的研究。 第 35 题 D 根据首段提供的统领全文的主旨可知此篇文章讲的是教育对于延缓、减缓衰老与疾 病发生的益处。 南通 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。 A China has 410K 5G base stations China built 257,000 new 5G base stations in the
43、first half of the year, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology（MIIT）. Shipments of 5G phones reached 8623 million unis in China, with 5G package users hitting 66 million by the end of June, said Wen Ku, head of information and communication at the ministry. To give full pla
44、y to the commercialization of 5G, more policies should be implemented to boost the vitality of the market, Wen said, adding that international cooperation in 5G technology, industry and application should be strengthened. AG600 seaplanes test flight Kunlong, Chinas homegrown AG600 large amphibious a
45、ircraft, conducted its first sea- based test flight on Sunday morning, marking a new milestone in the program. The AG600 is Chinas second amphibious aircraft, after the SH- 5, which was developed in the 1970s for military purposes and has been retired for a long time. These specifications make it th
46、e worlds biggest amphibious aircraft, surpassing Japans ShinMaywa US- 2 and Russias Beriev Be- 200. Once in service, it will put an end to the absence of a large rescue aircraft in China and will be very useful in the national emergency rescue and disaster relief systems. Beidou products land abroad
47、 According to Ran Chengqi, director general of China Satellite Navigation Office, Beidou has been constantly deepening its compatibility, interoperability and cooperation with the US GPS, Russias GLONASS and the EUs Galileo. It has also entered international organizations of civil aviation, maritime
48、 affairs, search and rescue satellites and mobile communication. BDS- based services have been successfully applied in land mapping, precision farming, digital development and smart port construction in member countries of ASEAN, South Asia, Eastern Europe, West Asia and Africa. 21. What can we learn from this passage? A. The total number of 5G phones has reached a new level. B. Kunlong, unlike SH- 5, is not just for military purposes. C. Technologies mentioned above need more coo
