1、 由于由于 坚持；固守，维持坚持；固守，维持 随着时间流逝，久而久之随着时间流逝，久而久之 注意注意 成为现实成为现实 在很多方面在很多方面 放弃放弃 签字签字 张贴张贴 在开始时在开始时 in the beginning as result of stick to over time pay attention to come true in many ways give up sign up put up n.交换;交流;互换 vt. 交换 exchange (1)make an exchange in exchange for (2)exchange students exchange
2、rate (3)exchange sth. for sth. (4)exchange sth. with sb. 交换交换 作为交换作为交换. 交换生交换生; ;互派的留学生互派的留学生 汇率汇率 以某物交换某物以某物交换某物 与某人交换某物与某人交换某物 我想把这些英镑兑换成美金。 Id like to _ dollars. 因为我们都匆匆忙忙，所以只交谈了几句。 We only _ because we were in a hurry. 你愿意用字典换我的旧相机吗？ exchanged some pounds forexchanged some pounds for exchanged a
3、 few wordsexchanged a few words tough adj.adj.艰难的艰难的, ,严厉的严厉的, ,坚强的坚强的, ,坚固的坚固的 (1) get tough with sb. 对某人采取强硬对某人采取强硬/严厉措施严厉措施 be tough on sb. 对某人严厉对某人严厉(=be hard on sb.) (2) toughness n. 力力韧性韧性;强健强健;有粘性有粘性;坚强坚强 It is time to get tough _ those who break the traffic rules. Behind the tears is _. Dont
4、 _ (对.要求过严) him- -he was only trying to help. He is looking forward to _ (度过这段困难时 期) as soon as possible. I do think the government should _ (对.采取强制措施) those companies which have caused serious pollution. with toughness be too tough/hard on going through the tough time get tough with (1)Sound/Ring t
5、he alarm in case of fire. give the alarm to. 给给发警报发警报 (2) adj. alarmed alarming alarm n.警报;惊恐 vt.使警觉;使惊恐;惊动 The fact focused world attention on the polar regions, whose ice is melting at an _ rate. 一旦火警报警器拉响，所有的居民都要求在院子里集合。 Once _, all the residents are required to assemble in the courtyard. alarmin
6、g the fire alarm is sounded contribution n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠 (1)make contributions/a contribution to 对对作出贡献作出贡献; (2)contribute v. 捐献，贡献，捐助捐献，贡献，捐助;促成促成 contribute to . 导致导致;向向投稿投稿;有助于有助于 (3)contributor n. 捐赠者捐赠者;投稿人投稿人 n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠 contribution 多种因素导致了他的衰落 Various factors _his downfall. 每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。 Every
7、one should make a contribution to protecting the environment. . contributed to was used to 习惯于(做)某事 (1)be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事(to是介词是介词) (2)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事被用来做某事(被动语态被动语态) (3)Used to do 过去常常过去常常;过去曾经过去曾经(而现在不再而现在不再) 习惯于(做)某事 was used to She is used to _ (use) the cleaner，whi
8、ch is used _ (clean ) the house. Now he has got used to _ (get) up at five oclock every morning. Wood is often used _ (make) desks and chairs. Have you _ (习惯) the style of life in a strange country? using to clean getting to make been/got used to (1) unfortunately adv. 不幸的是 (2)fortunate adj. 幸运的,侥幸的
9、( = lucky) (3)fortune n. 财产,大笔的钱;机会,运气 seek/try ones fortune 找出路，碰运气 make a fortune 发财 Fortunately adv.幸运地;幸亏 adv.幸运地;幸亏 Fortunately She is fortunate enough _ (find) a job the moment she graduated from university. to find vt. 吸引，使喜爱;招引;引起(反应) attracted (1)attractive adj. 漂亮的漂亮的,有吸引力的有吸引力的 (2)attract
10、ion n. 吸引吸引,吸引力吸引力;有吸引力的东西有吸引力的东西 如此.以至. sothat 这个男孩如此自信,我确信他能通过面试。 The boy is so confident that I am sure he can pass the interview. 这部电影如此之好，以至于我想再看一遍。 It is so good a film that I want to see it a second time. 有的洗据以至于我不知道哪一个是最好的。 There are so many options that I dont know which one is the best. so
11、 + + that adj./adv. adj.+a(n) +可数名词单数 many/few +可数名词复数 much/little +不可数名词 如此.以至. sothat so + + that adj./adv. adj.+a(n) +可数名词单数 many/few +可数名词复数 much/little +不可数名词 such+ + that a(n) +adj. +可数名词单数 adj. +可数名词复数 adj. +不可数名词 Table tennis is so interesting a game that people all over the world play it. T
12、able tennis is _ interesting game _ people all over the world play it. He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door. _ _ such an that He left so hurriedly that he forgot to lock the door. (1)as.as.结构表示同级比较，意为“和一样”， 两个as之间通常使用形容词或副词的原级，其中第一个as是 副词，第二个as是连词。 (2)as.as.结构可用于肯定句或否定句中，该结构用于否 定句
13、时可与“so.as.结构互换。 (3)as.(3)as.结构可用于肯定句或否定句中，该结构用于否定句结构可用于肯定句或否定句中，该结构用于否定句 时可与“时可与“so.as.so.as.结构互换结构互换 asas 本句为并列句，第一个分句中含有“as.as结构。 本句为并列句，第一个分句中含有“as.as结构。 asas His bedroom is as neat as his elder sisters. He is as honest a man as you. Youve made as many mistakes as I have. I can carry as much pape
14、r as you can. This dress is twice as expensive as that one. as + adj. /adv. (原级原级) + as. as + adj. +a/an+可数名词单数可数名词单数+ as. as many+可数名词复数可数名词复数+ as. as much +不可数名词不可数名词+ as. 该结构前若有修饰调该结构前若有修饰调twice, half等，等， 需要把修饰词置于第一个需要把修饰词置于第一个as前前。 我今晚有许多作业要做。 I have a lot of homework _ tonight. 有许多人在商店外边等。 There are a lot of people _ outside the store. 昨天晚上作了一个承诺。 There is a commitment _ last night. there be+名词+to do there wereto join (1)基本结构基本结构:there be+名词名词+非谓语动词非谓语动词 (2)常用的非谓语动词常用的非谓语动词: to do, doing, done。 to do waiting made 表示主动，用doing;表示被动，用done;表示将来，用to do
