1、1 Unit 3 Getting along with others Section III 语法精讲语法精讲 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句的基本概述 2. 关系代词的基本用法： who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语 whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用 who 代替 whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语 which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语是一般可以省略。 that 既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语，做宾语时一般可 以省略，指人时可以用 who 替代，指物时一般可用 which 替代
2、 3. 关系代词的选择： 宜用 that 不用 which 的情况 当先行词是all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, none, few等不定 代词时 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 当先行词被 all, no, few, any, little, some, much, the last, the only, the very 等修饰时 当先行词即有人又有物时 当主句是 who 或 which 引导时，为了避免/w/音的重复，一般用 that 引导。 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词本身在定语从句中也做
3、表语时（此时句子一 般带有类比含义。 ） 宜用 which 不用 that 的情况 当先行词为 that 时 一个句子中含有两个定语从句且先行词均为物时，其中一个关系代词是 that，另一个关系 代词宜用 which 宜用 who 的情况 先行词是指人的不定代词时，如 one, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody 等，或先行词为指人的 those 时 一个句子中含有两个定语从句， 且先行词都为人时， 其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that, 另一个一般为 who 4. 定语从句的主谓一致 一般情况下， 关系代词在从句中做
4、主语时， 定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词的 人称和数保持一致 one of + 可数名词复数+定语从句， 定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式； the only one of+可数名词复数+定语从句，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 练习练习 1. When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl _ was willing to make friends with me. 2. I also had a friend _ I trusted a lot. 3. Then I got a call fr
5、om a friend _ I hadnt contacted for a long time. She asked me out for coffee. 2 4. Yet these days, the modern tools _ keeps us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendships. 5. “Liking ” our friends photos online does not develop the connection _ we share. 知识点 1 限制性定语从句的基本概述 在定语从句中修饰主句中某一名
6、词或代词，紧跟先行词，同先行词之间不加逗号，不可 省略的从句叫限制性定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 引导定语从句的词 被称为关系词，关系词包含关系代词和关系副词两类。 知识点 2 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词替代指人或物的先行词并在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，定语等成分。常用的 关系代词有 who, whom，whose，which，that， as 等 1. who 指人，在定语从句中可以做主语或宾语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。 （who 在从句中作 主语） She wants to find
7、 the kid she met yesterday. 他想找到昨天她遇见的那个孩子。（who 在从 句中作宾语） 练习： 1. They were well trained by their masters _had great experience with caring for these animals. 2. It is often the case that anything is possible for those _ hang on to hope. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中只做宾语，可省略，可以用 who 代替 Rose is the person (who/wh
8、om) you should look after. 罗斯是你应该照顾的人。 He is the man (whom/who) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的人。 3. whose 指人或物时，在定语从句中作定语。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 练习： I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise. 4. w
9、hich 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。做宾语时一般可省略。 China is a country which has a long history. （which 在从句中作主语） The package which you are carrying is about to fall. （which 在从句中做宾语） 5. that 既可以指人， 也可以指物， 在定语从句中作主语， 宾语或表语， 做宾语时一般可省略。 指人时一般可用 who 代替，指物时一般可用 which 替代。 The number of people that/who come to visit the city
10、 each year reaches one million. 每年 来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 The chair (that/which) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄坏的那把椅子 现在正在修。 3 练习： 1. In the caf, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment _ is created for them. 2. Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in t
11、heir own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 3. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth_ gives off light in the dark. 知识点 3 关系代词的选择 1. 宜用 that 不用 which 的情况 当先行词是all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, none, few等不定代词 时 She told me everything t
12、hat she knew. 练习： I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. As a grassroots singer, she reads everything _ she can get hold of concerning music, and takes opportunity to improve herself. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the most exciting football game that I have seen so far. 当
13、先行词被 all, no, few, any, little, some, much, the last, the only, the very 等修饰时 Ive read all the books that were borrowed from others. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that she knows. 练习 Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. 当先行词又有人又有物时 I can remember well
14、the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. The foreign visitors spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace. 当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免-wh 语音的重复，一般用 that 引
15、导。 Which is the true story that he told us? Who that had seen the sight could ever forget? 当先行词在主句中做表语， 而关系代词本生在定语从句中也做表语时。 此时句子一般带有类 比含义。 He is no longer the star that he was. Our school is no longer the place hat it used to be. 宜用 which 不用 that 的情况 当先行词为 that 时 Whats that which he asked for? 4 一个句
16、子中含有两个定语从句且先行词为物时，其中一个冠词代词是 that，那么另一个 关系代词用 which Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened. 3. 宜用 who 的情况 先行词是人的不定代词时，如 one, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody 等，或先行词指人的 those 时 The student you should learn from is the one who works hard
17、 and studies well. The students benefiting most from college are those _ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources.(资源). (2) 一个句子中含有两个定语从句， 且先行词都为人时， 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that, 另一个一般是 who The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 知识点 4 定语从句中主谓一致 一般情况下， 关系代词在从句中作主语时， 定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词 的人称和数保持一致。 The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written by Tom. Im fond of the piece of music which was played by jenny.
