1、2022-2023学年人教版七年级数学下册5.1相交线角度计算解答题专题训练(附答案)1如图所示,点A,O,B在同一条直线上,BOC40,射线OC射线OD,射线OE平分AOC求DOE的大小2如图所示,直线AB、CD、EF相交于点O,且ABCD,OG平分AOE,若DOF50,求AOG的度数3如图,已知直线AB和CD相交于点O,在COB的内部作射线OE(1)若AOC36,COE90,求BOE的度数;(2)若COE:EOB:BOD4:3:2,求AOE的度数4如图,直线AB,CD相交于点O,BOC80,OE是BOC的角平分线,OFOE(1)求COF的度数;(2)说明OF平分AOC5如图,已知直线AB、
2、CD相交于点O,OEAB,AOC28,OF平分DOE,求EOF6如图,直线AB、CD相交于点O,OMAB(1)若12,则2的余角有 (2)若1BOC,求AOD和BOD的度数7如图,直线AB、CD相交于点O,OE平分BOD,AOC70,COF90,求:(1)BOD的度数;(2)写出图中互余的角;(3)EOF的度数8如图,直线AB、CD相交于点O,BOM90,DON90(1)若COMAOC,求AOD的度数;(2)若COMBOC,求BOD9如图,直线BC与MN相交于点O,AOBC,OE平分BON,若EON20,求AOM和NOC的度数10如图,直线AB,CD相交于点O,OEAB,OFCD
3、(1)若OC恰好是AOE的平分线,则OA是COF的平分线吗?请说明理由;(2)若EOF5BOD,求COE的度数11如图,直线AB与CD相交于OOF是BOD的平分线,OEOF(1)若BOE比DOF大38,求DOF和AOC的度数;(2)试问COE与BOE之间有怎样的大小关系?请说明理由(3)BOE的余角是 ,BOE的补角是 12如图,直线AB与CD相交于点O,OP是BOC的平分线,OEAB,OFCD(1)图中除直角外,还有相等的角吗?请写出两对: ; (2)如果AOD40,那么根据 ,可得BOC 度因为OP是BOC
4、的平分线,所以COP 度求POF的度数13如图,已知直线AB与CD相交于点O,OE是BOD的平分线,OF是AOD的平分线(1)已知BOD60,求EOF的度数;(2)求证:无论BOD为多少度,均有OEOF14如图,直线AB与CD相交于点O,AOC48,DOE:BOE5:3,OF平分AOE(1)求BOE的度数;(2)求DOF的度数15如图:直线AB、CD相交于O,OEOF,BOF2BOE,OC平分AOE,求:DOE的度数16如图,直线AB、CD相交于点O已知BOD75,OE把AOC分成两个角,且AOE:EOC2:3(1)求AOE的度数;(2)若OF平分BOE,问:OB是
5、DOF的平分线吗?试说明理由17已知如图,直线AB、CD相交于点O,COE90(1)若AOC36,求BOE的度数;(2)若BOD:BOC1:5,求AOE的度数;(3)在(2)的条件下,过点O作OFAB,请直接写出EOF的度数18如图,直线EF、CD相交于点O,AOB90,OC平分AOF(1)若AOE40,求BOD的度数;(2)若AOE30,请直接写出BOD的度数;(3)观察(1)、(2)的结果,猜想AOE和BOD的数量关系,并说明理由19已知,OM平分AOC,ON平分BOC(1)如图1,若OAOB,BOC60,求MON的度数;(2)如图2,若AOB80,MON:AOC2:7,求AON的度数20
6、如图,直线AB和CD相交于点O,OE把AOC分成两部分,且AOE:EOC2:3,(1)如图1,若BOD75,求BOE;(2)如图2,若OF平分BOE,BOFAOC+12,求EOF21如图,直线AB,CD相交于点O,OE平分BOC【基础尝试】(1)如图1,若AOC40,求DOE的度数;【画图探究】(2)作射线OFOC,设AOCx,请你利用图2画出图形,探究AOC与EOF之间的关系,结果用含x的代数式表示EOF【拓展运用】(3)在第(2)题中,EOF可能和DOE互补吗?请你作出判断并说明理由22已知AOC和BOC是互为邻补角,BOC50,将一个三角板的直角顶点放在点O处(注:DOE90,DEO30
7、)(1)如图1,使三角板的短直角边OD与射线OB重合,则COE (2)如图2,将三角板DOE绕点O逆时针方向旋转,若OE恰好平分AOC,请说明OD所在射线是BOC的平分线(3)如图3,将三角板DOE绕点O逆时针转动到使CODAOE时,求BOD的度数(4)将图1中的三角板绕点O以每秒5的速度沿逆时针方向旋转一周,在旋转的过程中,第t秒时,OE恰好与直线OC重合,求t的值参考答案1解:点A,O,B在同一条直线上,BOC40,AOC140射线OE平分AOC,EOC70射线OC射线OD,COD90,DOEEOC+COD1602解:DOF50,ABCD,AOF905040,AOE18040
8、140,OG平分AOE,AOGAOE140703解:(1)AOC36,COE90,BOE180COEBOD54;(2)COE:EOB:BOD4:3:2,设COE4,EOB3,BOD2COE+EOB+BOD180,4+3+218020COE480,EOB360,BOD240,AOE180EOB180601204解:(1)BOC80,OE是BOC的角平分线,COEBOC40,又OFOE,COF90COE50;(2)BOC80,AOC100,又COF50,COFAOC,OF平分AOC5解:AOC28,BOD28,又OEAB,EOD62OF平分DOE,EOFEOD316解:(1)OMAB,12,1+A
9、OC2+AOC90,即CON90,可得AOCBOD,2的余角有:AOC,BOD;故答案为:AOC,BOD;(2)OMAB,AOMBOM90,1BOC,BOCAOD120,1230;又AOC+BOC180,AOC60,则BODAOC607解:(1)AOC70BODAOC70;(2)AOC和BOF,BOD和BOF,EOF和EOD,BOE和EOF;(3)因为OE平分BOD,BOD70所以BOE35,因为COF90,且A、O、B三点在一条直线AB上,所以BOF180709020,所以EOFBOF558解:(1)COMAOC,AOCAOM,BOM90,AOM90,AOC45,AOD18045135;(2
10、)设COMx,则BOC4x,BOM3x,BOM90,3x90,即x30,AOC60,BOD609解:OE平分BON,BON2EON22040,NOC180BON18040140,MOCBON40,AOBC,AOC90,AOMAOCMOC904050,所以NOC140,AOM5010解:(1)OA是COF的平分线OEAB,AOE90,OC恰好是AOE的平分线,AOC45,OFCD,COF90,AOFCOFAOC904545,OA是COF的平分线;(2)设AOCx,BODx,AOE90,COEAOEAOC90x,EOFCOE+COF90x+90180x,EOF5BOD,180x5x,解得x30,C
11、OE90306011解:(1)设BOF,OF是BOD的平分线,DOFBOF,BOE比DOF大38,BOE38+DOF38+,OEOF,EOF90,38+90,解得:26,DOF26,AOCBODDOF+BOF26+2652;(2)COEBOE,理由是:COE180DOE180(90+DOF)90DOF,OF是BOD的平分线,DOFBOF,COE90BOF,OEOF,EOF90,BOE90BOF,COEBOE;(3)BOE的余角是BOF和DOF,BOE的补角是AOE和DOE,故答案为:BOF和DOF,AOE和DOE12解:(1)OP是BOC的平分线,COPBOP直线AB与CD相交于点O,AODC
12、OB(2)AOD40,根据对顶角相等,可得BOC40;因为OP是BOC的平分线,所以COPBOC20度OFCD,COF90度,POF70度 故答案是:COPBOP、AODCOB;对顶角相等,40;20;13解:(1)BOD60,AOD180BOD120,OE、OF分别是AOD和BOD的平分线DOFAOD60,DOEBOD30,EOFDOF+DOE90;(2)OE、OF分别是AOD和BOD的平分线DOFAOD,DOEBOD,AOD+DOB180,EOFDOF+DOE(AOD+BOD)90,无论BOD为多少度,均有OEOF14解:(1)DOE:BOE5:3,BOEBODAOC4818
13、,DOEBODAOC4830,(2)AOE180BOE18018162,OF平分AOEAOFEOFAOE81,DOFEOFDOE81305115解:OEOF,BOF2BOE,BOF+BOE3BOE90,解得BOE30,BOF23060,AOE180BOE150,OC平分AOE,AOCAOE15075,BODAOC75,DOEBOD+BOE75+30105故答案为:10516解:(1)AOE:EOC2:3设AOE2x,则EOC3x,AOC5x,AOCBOD75,5x75,解得:x15,则2x30,AOE30;(2)OB是DOF的平分线;理由如下:AOE30,BOE180AOE150,OF平分BO
14、E,BOF75,BOD75,BODBOF,OB是COF的角平分线17解:(1)AOC36,COE90,BOE180AOCCOE54;(2)BOD:BOC1:5,BOD18030,AOC30,AOE30+90120;(3)如图1,EOF1209030,或如图2,EOF36012090150故EOF的度数是30或15018解:(1)AOE+AOF180,AOE40,AOF180AOE140,OC平分AOF,AOCAOF14070AOB90BOD180AOCAOB180709020,(2)方法同(1)可得,若AOE30,则BOD15,(3)猜想:BODAOE,理由如下:OC平分AOF,AOCAOF,
15、AOE+AOF180,AOF180AOE,BOD+AOB+AOC180,AOB90,BOD+90+AOF180,BOD90AOF90(180AOE)AOE19解:(1)OAOB,AOB90,AOCAOB+BOC,BOC60,AOC90+60150,OM平分AOC,COMAOC75,ON平分BOC,CONBOC6030,MONCOMCON753045;(2)COMAOC,CONBOC,MON(AOCBOC)AOB40,MON:AOC2:7,AOC140,OM平分AOC,AOMAOC70,AONAOM+MON70+4011020解:(1)AOCBOD75,AOE:EOC2:3,BOC180BOD1
16、8075105,COEAOC7545,BOEBOC+COE105+45150;(2)OF平分BOE,EOFBOF,BOFAOC+12EOF,FOC+COEAOE+COE+12,即:FOCAOE+12,设AOEx,则FOC(x+12),COEx,AOE+EOF+BOF180x+(x+12+x)2180,解得,x26,EOFCOE+COFx+x+127721解:(1)AOC+BOC180,AOC40,BOC18040140,OE平分BOC,COEBOC70,DOE+COE180,DOE18070110;(2)EOFAOC或EOF180AOC当OF在BOC内部时,如图,AOC+BOC180,AOCx
17、,BOC(180x),OE平分BOC,COEBOC(90x),OFOC,COF90,EOF90COE90(90x)x,即EOFAOC;当OF在AOD内部时,如图,AOC+BOC180,AOCx,BOC(180x),OE平分BOC,COEBOC(90x),OFOC,COF90,EOF90+COE90+(90x)(180x),即EOF180x180AOC综上所述:EOFAOC或EOF180AOC;(3)EOF可能和DOE互补当ABCD,且OF与OB重合时,BOCBOD90,OE平分BOC,BOEBOC45,即EOF45,DOEBOD+BOE90+45135,EOF+DOE180,即EOF和DOE互补22解:(1)BOECOE+COB90,又BOC50,COE40;故答案为:40(2)OE平分AOC,COEAOECOA,EOD90,AOE+DOB90,COE+COD90,CODDOB,OD所在射线是BOC的平分线;(3)设CODx,则AOE4x,DOE90,BOC50,5x40,x8,即COD8BOD58(4)如图,分两种情况:在一周之内,当OE与射线OC的反向延长线重合时,三角板绕点O旋转了140,5t140,t28;当OE与射线OC重合时,三角板绕点O旋转了320,5t320,t64所以当t28秒或64秒时,OE与直线OC重合综上所述,t的值为28或64