1、高中基础语法高中基础语法 谓语动词谓语动词=完整的时态公式完整的时态公式 谓语谓语: 说明主语所做的说明主语所做的动作动作或具有的或具有的特征和状态特征和状态。一。一 般放在般放在主语之后主语之后。谓语是英语句子的。谓语是英语句子的灵魂灵魂soul, 是是 最重要的句子成分。最重要的句子成分。 就就谓语的构成如下谓语的构成如下: 1. He gets up early every morning. 2. I am reading a book now. 3. You can keep the book for two weeks. 4. They have caught a bad cold.
2、 5. The poor girl was bitten by a fierce dog. 6. They didnt know what to do. 谓语动词,有主动被动(语态),谓语动词,有主动被动(语态), 受人称,数的限制。受人称,数的限制。 谓语动词谓语动词=完整的时态公式完整的时态公式 一个句子(简单句)能有几个谓语动词呢?一个句子(简单句)能有几个谓语动词呢? 1.Shanghai, which is changing all the time, has lots of famous landmarks. 2. Most students go to public school
3、s, _ are very good. (they, who,which) 区分区分do, did, done, doing do原形原形 did done doing 规则变化规则变化 open ed ed ing 不规则变化不规则变化eat ate eaten ing cut feel felt felt ting ing go went gone ing 区分区分do, did, done, doing 3种基本形式种基本形式 to do doing done 非谓语动词非谓语动词 板书讲解 5大动词大动词 1. Vt.及物动词及物动词: 可以可以直接跟有动作的对象(直接跟有动作的对象(
4、即可以直接加宾语即可以直接加宾语)。)。大部大部 分分动词为动词为Vt.及物动词,及物动词,see, read, say, make, do等等 等等 2. Vi 不及物动词不及物动词: 不及物动词后不及物动词后不能不能直接跟有动作的对象(即直接跟有动作的对象(即不能直接加不能直接加 宾语宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加某个介词,)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加某个介词, 如如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语后方可跟上宾语 。常见的不及物动词: look,go arrive, walk, run等等。 I saw you last night . 我昨晚看见你我昨晚看见你 He looke
5、d at me. 他看着我他看着我 也叫连系动词,联系主语和表语,构成也叫连系动词,联系主语和表语,构成系表结构系表结构说明说明主主 语的状况、性质、特征等情况。语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 be动词动词(am/is/are; was/were); She is beautiful. This is where I work. 表表变变化趋势的(化趋势的(3gbt: go,get,grow, become, turn,); She became angry at once. 保持状态的(keep,stay, remain, seem, appear, prove, ,) Hes positiv
6、e and keeps happy every day. 感官感官动词动词 ( look, sound, smell, feel, taste ): The plan sounds perfect. This material feels soft. 3. 系动词系动词 情态动词情态动词: 增添增添情态色彩情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事,表示说话人对有关行为或事 物的物的态度和看法,态度和看法,v表示可能、应该或必要等表示可能、应该或必要等, 无人无人 称和数的变化称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟情态动词后面跟动词原形动词原形, 情情V.+do/ V+be done He can run.
7、You may borrow my books. Todays homework must be finished before 9 oclock. 常见的情态动词常见的情态动词 must,2can(could),may(might), should=ought to ,need, dare 敢 4. 情态动词情态动词 协助动词协助动词构成构成谓语动词谓语动词的词叫助动词,即协助构成构成的词叫助动词,即协助构成构成 时态语态。时态语态。 助动词是功能词,助动词是功能词,自身没有词义自身没有词义,不可,不可 单独使用。单独使用。 例如:例如: He doesnt like English. 他不
8、喜欢英他不喜欢英 doesnt是助动词,无词义;是助动词,无词义;like是动词,有词义是动词,有词义) She was bitten by a dog. He is singing. Did he come yesterday? I will/shall go there tomorrow? They have just arrived. 最常用的助动词有:最常用的助动词有: be(am,is, are,was, were), have/has, do/does/did, shall, will, (would) 5. 助动词助动词 stop here 5大基本句型大基本句型 1. 主主+谓
9、谓 2. 主主+谓谓+宾宾 3. 主主+系系+表表 4. 主主+谓谓+双宾双宾 5. 主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补 学基本句型之前,需要了解学基本句型之前,需要了解 句子成分句子成分 句子成分 主语:动作执行者主语:动作执行者 名名/代代/ 数数/ to do/ doing/ 主从主从 1.The book is interesting. 2.Playing basketball is my hobby. 3.To get up early makes a man healthy, happy and wise.4.Whether well go depends on the weather.
10、5. He is Peter.6.Two will be enough. 动作的执行者,动作的执行者,是执行句子的行为或动作的主是执行句子的行为或动作的主 体体 ,一般位于句首,主语可以是一般位于句首,主语可以是 谓语动词谓语动词=完整的时态公式完整的时态公式 谓语谓语:说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样。一般放在。一般放在主主 语之后语之后。谓语是英语句子的。谓语是英语句子的灵魂灵魂soul, 是最重要的是最重要的 句子成分。句子成分。 就就谓语的构成如下谓语的构成如下: 1. He gets up early every morning. 2. I am read
11、ing a book now. 3. You can keep the book for two weeks. 4. They have caught a bad cold. 5. The poor girl was bitten by a fierce dog. 6. They didnt know what to do. 谓语动词,有主动被动(语态),谓语动词,有主动被动(语态), 受人称,数的限制。受人称,数的限制。 思考:一个简单句能有几个谓语动词呢?思考:一个简单句能有几个谓语动词呢? 宾语是动作宾语是动作,行为的对象行为的对象,它和及物动词一起说明主语做它和及物动词一起说明主语做
12、了什么了什么,在谓语之后在谓语之后 宾语可以是宾语可以是 名名/代代/ 数数/ to do/ doing/ 宾从宾从 1.He/reads/ newspapers after supper. 2.He/ learned /to play the piano. 3.He /likes/ dancing. 4.Did you understand what she said? 5. They /didnt know him. . 宾语宾语: 动作的承受者动作的承受者 定语是用来修饰定语是用来修饰、限定限定、说明说明名词或代词名词或代词的品质与特征的品质与特征 形形/名名/代代/ 数数/to do/
13、doing/done/介短介短/定从定从 1. She is a pretty girl. 2. He thought of many ways to learn English. 3. The girl standing there is my sister. 4. a developed country/ The gift bought by my mother is expensive. 5. They are putting up a wall newspaper. 6. The interests of the people人民的人民的利益利益 定从定从 定语:定语: 修饰限定名词修
14、饰限定名词 表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度 副副/形形/ to do(目的状目的状) /doing/done/ 状从状从/介短介短/词组少词组少 1.They were greatly touched to hear the old mans story. 2. He lived in Shenzhen. 介词短语介词短语 3.They did everything they could to save the boys life 4.We are working day and night 词组词组 5.Not knowing what
15、to do, he went to the teacher for help. 6. They finally returned, tired and hungry. (形容词形容词) 7. Bitten by the dog, the girl felt quite painful. 8. He entered the room, his nose red with cold. (复合结构复合结构) 状语:动作发生的背景状态状语:动作发生的背景状态 说明主语是什么说明主语是什么,或者怎么样或者怎么样,表语位于系动词后面表语位于系动词后面 形形/名名/代代/ 数数/to do/doing/do
16、ne/表从表从/介短介短/ The masses are the real heroes. Thats something we have always to keep in mind. She was the first to learn about it. Time is limited. Lets hurry up. His dream is to become a teacher in the future. My idea is that we should stick to our original plan. 表语(系表结构表语(系表结构) 宾语补足语宾语补足语(宾补宾补) 在英
17、语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思, 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意 思思它起它起补充说明补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用宾语干什么,怎么样的作用宾语和宾语和 它的补足语构成它的补足语构成复合宾语复合宾语 1 If you let me go, Ill make you king. 2 Leave the door open. 3We found John out when we arrived. 4Make yourself at home. 5I saw him enter
18、entering the hall. 6The boss keeps them working all day. 7I heard my name called. 8. tell sb. to do 5种基本句型种基本句型 1. 主主+谓谓 2. 主主+谓谓+宾宾 3. 主主+系系+表表 4. 主主+谓谓+双宾双宾 5. 主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补 1. 主主+谓谓 S+Vi.(不及物动词)不及物动词) 在这种句子结构里,谓语动词是在这种句子结构里,谓语动词是不及物动词不及物动词 ,状,状 语可有可无。即语可有可无。即主主+谓谓+(状(状) 1).The telephone rang. 2).
19、His father might have died last year. 主谓主谓结构结构与高考书面表达与高考书面表达 2. Quite a few changes have taken place. (99) 4. Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. (01) 3. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west. (00) 1. He fell with a cry. (00) (7)1(7)1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 2 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。 3
20、 3在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化变化 4 4每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。 1. She went home very late yesterday evening. 2. The meeting will last two hours. 3. Great changes have taken place in my home town induring the past ten years. 4. Classes begin at eight every day. stop here 2. 主主+谓谓 +宾宾 S+Vt.(及物动词)及
21、物动词)+O 在这种句子结构里,谓语动词是在这种句子结构里,谓语动词是及物动词及物动词 ,后面,后面 只跟只跟一个宾语一个宾语,状语可有可无。,状语可有可无。 1). She is reading a novel. 2). I have had my lunch. 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。 1. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 2. They havent decided where to go next. 3. She stopped teaching English two years ago 4
22、. Mother promises to give me a present. 主谓宾主谓宾结构结构与高考书面表达与高考书面表达 1. Now I have more free time. (01) 2. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. (01) 3. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car (00) 4. We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school. (99) 巩固练习:巩固
23、练习: 1昨晚我写了一封信。 昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 1. I wrote a letter last night. 2. I want to talk with/to you this afternoon. 3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. That gent
24、leman can speak three languages fluently. 6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。 8我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。 9. 他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。 10. 我开窗户你在意吗?我开窗户你在意吗? 6. I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. 7. Jim cannot dress himself. 8. All of us believe (that )Jack i
25、s an honest boy. 9. He did not know what to say. 10. Do you mind my opening the window? 3. 主主+系系 +表表 S+V系系+P表表 ?:什么叫系动词?:什么叫系动词? 1). The plan sounds perfect. 2).This material feels soft. 3). This is where I work. 巩固练习:巩固练习: 1冬季白天短,夜晚长冬季白天短,夜晚长 2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。 4她
26、的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。 In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist. Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is looking after the children in the nursery. 5他失业了。他失业了。 6树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了黄了 7这个报告这个报告听起来听起来很有意思很有意思 He is out of work. The leaves
27、have turned yellow. The report sounds interesting 4. 主主+谓谓 +双宾(间宾双宾(间宾+直宾)直宾) 此结构由“此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)间接宾语(人)+直接直接 宾语(事物)”宾语(事物)”组成。组成。 如如He gave me a gift./ She made me a new dress. 要借助于介词要借助于介词to或或for的情况:的情况: He gave a gift to me . She made a beautiful dress for me. 用用to侧重指动作的方向,表示侧重指动作
28、的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着朝着,向着,对着某人。某人。 用用for 侧重指动作的受益者,侧重指动作的受益者,表示表示为了为了某人,某人,替替某人某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有:(常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助需借助to的的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等;等; (需借助需借助for 的的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save,等。等。 当间接宾
29、语和直接宾语都是当间接宾语和直接宾语都是代词代词时:时: He gave it to me. Ill lend them to you. 1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4.He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5.Shall I call you a taxi? 6.The new machine will save
30、you a lot of labour. 7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary. 1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗?请把那本字典递给我好吗? 4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。 5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗? 6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。 7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一
31、件毛衣。 主谓双宾句型巩固练习:主谓双宾句型巩固练习: 5.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补(复合宾语结构)(复合宾语结构) 若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。如:如: The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. 谓语动词一般只限于某些谓语动词一般只限于某些复合宾语及物动词复合宾语及物动词,平时积累多背平时积累多背 用用 it 做形式宾
32、语做形式宾语,以使句子结构平衡。,以使句子结构平衡。 即:即:主主+谓谓+it+宾补宾补+真宾真宾。如:。如: I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 主谓宾宾补句型主谓宾宾补句型-巩固练习巩固练习 1我们叫她我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。卫兵命令我们立即离开。 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7他感到很难跟你交谈。他感到很难跟你交谈。 8我
33、认为有可能用另一种方法解题。我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 9学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。 We call her Alice. All of us considered him honest. They have set the thief free. I want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. He felt it very difficult t
34、o talk with you. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 以下句子翻译是否正确?以下句子翻译是否正确? 有一个男生在操场上跑。有一个男生在操场上跑。 There is a boy runs on the playground. There be 句型句型(word文档)文档) 说明:说明: 此句型是由“此句型是由“there+be+主语主
35、语+状语”状语” 构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“有有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语意。仅为引导词,并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用此句型有时不用be动词,而用动词,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如:等。如: There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king
36、in the town. Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时 态和情态变化态和情态变化。如:如: 现在有现在有 there is/are 过去有过去有 there was/were 将来有将来有 there will be;there is /are going to be. 现在已经有现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有可能有 there might be. 肯定有肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有似乎有 there
37、seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be There be句型巩固练习:句型巩固练习: 1这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。 2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3天气预报说下午有大风。天气预报说下午有大风。 4灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。 5恰好那时房里没人。恰好那时房里没人。 6从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 There was only a well in the villa
38、ge. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. The light is on. There must be someone in the office. There happened to be nobody in the room. Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. thats all 5. 主主+系
39、系 +表表 S+V系系+P表表 也叫连系动词,联系主语和表语,构成也叫连系动词,联系主语和表语,构成系表结构系表结构说明说明主主 语的状况、性质、特征等情况。语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 常用系动词(其后主要接常用系动词(其后主要接adj. n. 或或 to do, doing, done, 作作表语表语):): be动词动词(am/is/are; was/were); She is beautiful. This is where I work. 表变化趋势的(表变化趋势的(get, become, turn, grow, go);); She became angry at once. 保
40、持状态的(保持状态的(keep, remain, seem, appear, prove, stay,) Hes positive and keeps happy every day. 感官动词感官动词 ( look, sound, smell, feel, taste ): The plan sounds perfect. This material feels soft. 3.主系表句型中的主系表句型中的 系动词系动词 Practice练习 判断下列句子属于判断下列句子属于基本句型基本句型的哪一类,然后分析的哪一类,然后分析 句子成分句子成分。(。(4人一组先讨论)人一组先讨论) 1. M
41、y cell phone rang. 2. She is reading an interesting book. 2. Our school is not far from my home. 3. We need a place twice larger than this one. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 学案上是句子翻译题+5种基本句型 练习+判断句子成分 5种基本句型写作
42、Writing (8班)根据下列中文提示,用5个句子写一篇作文,尽可 能多使用5个基本句型。(注意谓语动词的正确使用) 1。李明是我们班里的一名优秀学生。(。李明是我们班里的一名优秀学生。(excellent) 2。他能够用英语流利地表达。他能够用英语流利地表达。(express himself in English) 3。因为这些原因,我们选他做我们班的班长。因为这些原因,我们选他做我们班的班长。(choose him as ) 4。去年,他在我生日的时候送了我一份很漂亮的礼。去年,他在我生日的时候送了我一份很漂亮的礼 物物.(gift/present) 5。现在,我们成为好朋友,这个暑假我
43、将和他去旅游。现在,我们成为好朋友,这个暑假我将和他去旅游 (go travelling)。 5种基本句型写作Writing (6班)根据下列中文提示,用5个句子写一篇 作文,尽可能多使用5个基本句型。 (注意谓语 动词的正确使用) 1。李明是我们班里的一名优秀学生。李明是我们班里的一名优秀学生。 2。他能够用英语流利地表达。他能够用英语流利地表达。 3。因为这些原因,我们选他做我们班的班长。因为这些原因,我们选他做我们班的班长。 4。去年,他在我生日的时候送了我一份很漂亮。去年,他在我生日的时候送了我一份很漂亮 的礼物。的礼物。 5。现在,我们成为好朋友,这个暑假我将和他。现在,我们成为好朋
44、友,这个暑假我将和他 去旅游。去旅游。 Sample writing范文 (判断句型)判断句型)Li Ming is an excellent student in our class. Besides, he can express himself in English fluently. For these reasons, we chose/elected him as the monitor of our class. Last year, he gave me a nice gift on my birthday. Now we become good friends, and th
45、is summer he and I will go travelling together. 5种基本句型种基本句型 翻译练习翻译练习 并分析句子成分并分析句子成分 1. 他每天在公园里跑步。他每天在公园里跑步。 2. 我父亲喜欢英语书。我父亲喜欢英语书。 3. 她的工作是在幼儿园照看孩子她的工作是在幼儿园照看孩子 (kindergarten幼儿园)幼儿园) 4. 他为玛丽挑一件礼物。他为玛丽挑一件礼物。(choose, gift) 老师向学生们展示漂亮的图片老师向学生们展示漂亮的图片(show) 5.我们要使新安中学变得更美丽。我们要使新安中学变得更美丽。(make) 5 Ss 上黑板写上
46、黑板写 1. 他每天在公园里跑步。他每天在公园里跑步。 He runs in the park every day. 2. 我父亲喜欢英语书。我父亲喜欢英语书。 My father likes English books. 3. 她的工作是在幼儿园照看孩子她的工作是在幼儿园照看孩子 Her job is to look after the children in the kindergarten. 4. 他为玛丽挑一件礼物。(他为玛丽挑一件礼物。(2种表达)种表达) 老师向学生们展示漂亮的图片。(老师向学生们展示漂亮的图片。(2种表达)种表达) He chose Mary a present/gift. 或或He chose a gift for Mary. The teacher showed the students the beautiful pictures. 或或showed the beautiful pictures to the students. 5.我们使新安中学变得更美丽。我们使新安中学变得更美丽。 We make Xinan Senior High School more beautiful.