1、Unit 6 section B一、 知识点讲解1、divide.into 把分开其被动结构为 be divided into，意为被分为。divide 及物动词，意为分开；分散，指把整体分成若干部分。例句：He divided the cake among the children. 他把这个蛋糕分给了孩子们。2、encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 例句：The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。3、nearly 几乎；差不多；将近例句：It took nearly two hour
2、s to get there. 到那里花了将近两个小时。4、translate 翻译 translate. into .意为把翻译成，既可用于主动语态中，也可用于被动语态中。例句：Dont translate everything into Chinese when you read English articles. 当你阅读英语文章时，不要把所有的东西都翻译成汉语。【拓展】translation n. 翻译 translator n. 翻译家5、by mistake 错误地；无意中例句：I took your dictionary by mistake. 我错拿了你的字典。【注意】by 与
3、mistake之间不加冠词，是介词短语，在句中作状语。6、 stop .from . 阻止做某事stop sb.from doing sth.相当于prevent sb.from doing sth.，在主动语态中，两者中的from均可省略，但在被动语态中不可省略。7、not only. but also. 不但而且以not only .but (also). 连接的句子，当not only置于句首时往往引起部分倒装。not only . but also. 应连接两个对称的并列成分，连接两个主语时谓语动词要采用就近原则。例句：Not only Mr. Li but also his son
4、loves the movie. 不但李先生而且他的儿子也喜欢这部电影。【拓展】常见的就近原则的结构有：(1) neither.nor. 既不也不 (两者都不)例句：Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。(2) either.or.不是就是 (两者中的一个)例句：Either you or Lily is a student. 不是你就是莉莉是学生。(3) there be结构例句：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。8、 look up to 钦佩；仰慕 其反义短语是look dow
5、n on 看不起，鄙视。【拓展】look的常用短语： look up 向上看；查阅(词典)look down 向下看look after 照看；照顾look around 环顾四周look for 寻找look forward to 盼望9、This is because. 这是因为系动词之后是表语，表语是由一个句子充当的，即称为表语从句，连接表语从句的词有：because，why，that，what，who，when，where，which，whether，how等。例句：His bike was broken. That is why he came to school on foot.
6、他的自行车坏了。那就是他步行来学校的原因。10、一般过去时的被动语态1. 一般过去时的被动语态：(1)一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were + 及物动词的过去分词。(2) 句式变化：肯定句：主语 + was/were + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他.否定句：主语 + wasnt/werent + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他.一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他？回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. No, 主语 + wasnt/werent.2. 各种时态的被动语态形式归纳（以动词give为例）一般时态进行时态完成时态现在amis gi
7、venareamis being givenarehas been givenhave过去was givenwerewas being givenwerehad been given将来shall be givenwillshall have been givenwill来源:学科网ZXXK过去将来should be givenwouldshould have been givenwould来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K含有情态动词can/should/must/could/may be given3. 被动语态主要在下面几种情况中使用：（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。例句：Su
8、ch books are written for children.这些书是为儿童写的。（2）强调动作的承受者（这时可带由by引起的短语）。例句：The book was written by Mo Yan. 这本书是由莫言写的。（3）处于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例句：He was asked to give a talk about how to learn English well. 他被要求作关于怎样学好英语的报告。【顺口溜】一般过去时，被动用bedone；be形式有两种，主单was主复were；疑问提前be，否定be后not挤。4. 被动语态的注意事项：(1)主语+连
9、系动词 + 表语的句子没有被动语态。(2)there be结构没有被动语态。(3)主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。(4)句子是主谓结构时，没有被动语态。也就是说，不及物动词没有被动语态。(5)有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变被动语态，不能把动词后的介词丢掉。(6) 在主动语态中，在make， hear，see，watch，notice等词后跟省略to的动词不定式，但在被动语态中，to不可省略。（7）被动语态结构中的be用was还是用were。 主语的单复数决定be用was还是用were。（8）在主动语态中make，see等动词后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，
10、不定式符号to要还原。（9）在主动语态中，动词短语中的介词在变为被动语态时，仍要跟在原动词之后。 （10）主动语态若有双宾语，变为被动语态时，间接宾语(人)和直接宾语(物)都可变为主语，动词后一般要用相应的介词与其搭配。【魔法记忆】变被动语态的口诀：宾提前变主，主变介by宾；谓语be 加done，时态看主动。如遇双宾语，最好变间宾；若要变直宾，间宾前加to/for。主动中省to的不定式，被动中to加上。 二、 同步练习（一）单项选择1Do you know for _ that it was made in 1980?AcertainBcertainlyCdoubt2How did these
11、 all happen? _ accident.AByBOnCForDIn3Many bridges and houses _ in the flood last month.Ais destroyedBare destroyedCwas destroyedDwere destroyed4In the 32nd Hundred Flowers Award, Huang Xiaoming _ the Best Actor.AnamedBwas namingCwas namedDnames5What does your mother think of your school report yest
12、erday?The smile on her face shows that she is _ with what Ive done.ApleaseBpleasedCpleasureDpleasant6Whats your video about?The famous player Yuzuru Hanyu (羽生结弦). It took me _ two days to finish cut.AnearlyBespeciallyCcertainlyDhardly7If you find anything on fire in the room, cut off the _ and leave
13、 the house at once.AtelephoneBtemperatureCexperienceDelectricity8The new museums_ last year.AbuildBwere buildingCwere builtDbuilt9He didnt know the news _ his parents told him about it.AuntilBas soon asCafterDwhen10I really dont want to know the secret. I only found it _.Aby an accidentBby the wayCb
14、y myselfDby accident（二）完形填空It has been more than two thousand years since we began to use an umbrella on rainy days. However, people often felt not convenient to hold an umbrella while working. Then the rubber raincoat was invented by an Englishman named Macintosh in 1823.In 1492, Columbus, a well-k
15、nown Italian voyager, _11_ the New Worldthe American. He brought a lot of things to Europe from South America. Rubber was one of them, _12_ people didnt know its use at that time. In 1770, people found that the rubber could be used _13_ erasers.Macintosh was a worker in an eraser factory in Scotland
16、. One day he spilled（洒出）some rubber liquid（液体）over his clothes _14_ when making erasers. He was too busy to clean it and went back home wearing the _15_ clothes. On the way home, it rained heavily. Having no umbrella, Macintosh had to run home quickly. When he got home, he _16_ the wet clothes. To h
17、is surprise, the area of the _17_ with rubber wasnt wet. “Why not make a rubber raincoat?” Macintosh thought. The next day he brushed the rubber liquid all over a coat. He wore the “rubber coat” on _18_ days and took a walk in the field to test if it _19_ really keep off the rain. _20_, the clothes
18、inside the “rubber coat” werent wet at all. The rubber raincoat was created in this way by chance.The rubber raincoats soon appeared on the market. However, they were sticky in summer and hardened in winter. Year after year, people kept on improving the raincoats. Today raincoats are widely used in
19、our daily lives.11AinventedBcreatedCdescribedDdiscovered12AandBbutCorDif13AasBtoCfromDby14AslowlyBquicklyCcarelesslyDcarefully15AnewBoldCcleanDdirty16Atook offBput onClook outDput off17AbodyBclothesChouseDliquid18AcloudyBwindyCsnowyDrainy19AmightBshouldCcouldDmust20AEspeciallyBSuddenlyCSurprisinglyD
20、Normally（三）阅读单选阅读理解。Arthur sat at the desk in his room， pencil in hand. He had to write a story for his English class by Friday. “I dont know what to write about，” he complained to his dog Toby， who was asleep at his feet. Arthur was talkative when speaking to his friends， yet he had trouble finding
21、 words when he had to write.By bedtime Arthur had drawn a picture of Toby smiling. He had drawn a tree with its branches blowing in the strong wind. He had also written a note asking his friend Lee to go to the movies on Saturday. But he had not written a single word of his story.On Wednesday， Mrs.
22、Solomon， Arthurs English teacher， asked the class to turn in the first draft of their stories. His heart sinking， Arthur turned in the only work he hadthe page with his name， the drawings and the note.Arthur wasnt surprised when Mrs. Solomon asked him to stay after class the next day. But he was sur
23、prised by what she said to him. “This is an attractive story， Arthur. The dog， the movie， the tree in the windI cant wait to find out how they all fit together.”“That isnt my story， Mrs. Solomon，” Arthur admitted. “I havent been able to think of one yet.”“Oh， _” Mrs. Solomon replied， “Look at your n
24、ote and the pictures and see if a story comes to you.”That night Arthur sat at his desk， and this is what he wrote： “One Saturday Mike went downstairs to meet his friend Julio at the cinema. It looked as if it might rain， so Mike carried his umbrella. Suddenly a big storm blew in， bending the trees.
25、 The noise of the wind sounded like the barking of Mikes dog Toby. Toby really hated storms and barked whenever he wanted to be let inside. Then Mike realized that it wasnt the sound of the wind. It was Toby. The dog was running after him down the busy street， barking. The sound was filled with blam
26、e. Mike felt guilty because he had left Toby outside. He turned and headed home with Toby running beside him. Mike let Toby in the door just as the rain started to pour down.”Arthur had a story in the end. The last thing he did was to write his name proudly at the top of the page.21Why did Arthur tu
27、rn in the page with only his name， the drawings and the note at first?ABecause he had no time to fit them together.BBecause he had difficulty in writing a story.CBecause he wasnt willing to do his homework.DBecause he wanted to show his talent for drawing.22What does the sentence “I think you have t
28、he seed of a story there” mean?AToby is an imaginative and lovely dog.BThe small tree will grow into a big one.CHis friend Lee can give him a lot of support.DHe can develop his story based on the first draft.23Which of the following statements is not right according to Arthurs last story?AA storm ma
29、de the tree fall down.BMike carried his umbrella to go to the cinema.CThe dog was barking and running after Mike down the busy.DMike returned home and let the dog in the door.24What kind of teacher do you think Mrs. Solomon is ?AShe is a strict teacherBShe is a wise teacherCShe is an honest teacherD
30、She is an energetic teacher25What can we infer(推断)from the story?AArthur is a shy and quiet studentBArthur isnt very satisfied with his storyCThere will be a storm on SaturdayDEncouragement is important in teachingEvery morning my father buys a newspaper on his way to work. Every evening my mother l
31、ooks through magazines at home. And every night, I look at the posters with photos of David Beckham and Yao Ming on my bedroom wall before I go to sleep. Can we imagine life without paper or print?Paper was first created about 2，000 years ago，and has been made from silk，cotton，bamboo, and since the
32、19th century, from wood. People learned to write words on paper to make a book. But in those days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand. As a result, they were expensive and rare. And because there werent many books, few people learned to read.Then printing was invented in China. When
33、printing was developed greatly at the beginning of the 11th century, books could be produced more quickly and cheaply. As a result, more people learned to read. After that, knowledge and ideas spread quickly.Today information can be received online, downloaded from the Internet rather than found in
34、books, and information can be kept on CDROMs or machines such as MP3 players.Computers are already used in classrooms, and newspapers and magazines can already be read online. So will books be replaced by computers one day? No, I dont think the poster of Yao Ming on my bedroom wall will ever be repl
35、aced by a computer two meters high!26What does the writer do before he goes to sleep?AHe reads books.BHe reads newspapers.CHe looks through magazines.DHe looks at the posters on the wall.27When was paper first created?AAbout 2，000 years ago.BIn the 19th century.CAbout 1，000 years ago.DIn the 11th ce
36、ntury.28Why were books expensive and rare before the invention of printing?ABecause people could not read.BBecause people could not write words on paper.CBecause people could not find silk, cotton or bamboo.DBecause people could only produce books one at a time by hand.29What happened after books be
37、came cheaper?APeople didnt want to buy books.BPrinting was invented in China.CKnowledge and ideas spread quickly.DThe Internet was introduced to people soon.30What is the writers opinion about books and computers?APeople wont need books any more.BBooks wont be replaced by computers.CPeople prefer to
38、 find information in books.DComputers have already replaced books.（四）语法填空用所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文内容完整通顺。The telephone _31_ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell. He _32_ (born) 1847. Mr. Bell _33_ (work) on the invention of the telephone with Thomas Watson. In 1875, Mr. Bell _34_ (learn) how to send musical not
39、es through an instrument similar to a telephone. Finally, the telephone_35_ (invent) in 1876. The first sentence that _36_(say) on the telephone by Alexander was “Mr. Watson, come here; I want to see you”. Today the telephone _37_(use) around the world.（五）同义句转化38A winner was given a medal at the Oly
40、mpic games just now. （同义句转换）Just now _ _ was _ _ a winner just now.（六）改写句子39Chinese built the Great Wall in the old days. (改为被动语态)The Great Wall _ _ _ Chinese in the old days.40They repaired the model car last night.（改为被动语态）The model car _ _ by them last night.41Where is my ruler?（改为复数句）Where _ _ _?
41、42Did people in the old days grow tea?_（七）多句选词填空用所给词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。take place，mention，list，lock，remain43Great changes _ in China during the last few years.44Some tree leaves fell into the river and _ there for some time.45Look！My mother _ the things that she will buy in the supermarket.46The famous
42、writer often _ his mother in his speech.47I _ the door when I finish it.答案1A【解析】句意：你确定它是1980年制造的吗？考查固定短语。certain确定的，形容词，强调对客观事实的确定；certainly当然，副词；doubt怀疑，不确定，名词。根据“it was made in 1980”可知，此处强调的是对客观事实的确定，因此使用certain，for certain“确定”，固定短语。故选A。2A【解析】句意：这些是怎么发生的？偶然的。考查介词辨析。by通过；on在上；for为了；in在里。by accident
43、“偶然，意外地”，固定搭配，故选A。3D【解析】句意：上个月许多桥梁和房子在洪水中被毁坏了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last month”可知应用一般过去时，而主语Many bridges and houses和谓语动词destroy“毁坏”是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，而一般过去时的被动语态的谓语结构为“was/were+done”，主语不是第三人称单数，be动词应用were，故选D。4C【解析】句意：在第32届百花奖上，黄晓明被评为最佳男演员。考查时态和语态。name“命名”，是动词，主语Huang Xiaoming与谓语name之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，根据“In th
44、e 32nd Hundred Flowers Award”可知，此处用一般过去时，主语Huang Xiaoming是第三人称单数形式，用was named。故选C。5B【解析】句意：你妈妈认为你昨天的成绩单怎么样？她脸上的微笑表明她对我所做的感到高兴。考查形容词和名词。please使高兴；pleased高兴的，满意的；pleasure快乐，满足；pleasant令人愉快的。根据“The smile on her face shows that she iswith what Ive done.”可知，be pleased with“对感到满意”，故选B。6A【解析】句意：你的视频是关于什么的？
45、著名运动员羽生结弦。 我花了将近两天的时间才完成剪辑。考查副词辨析。nearly几乎；especially尤其；certainly当然；hardly几乎不。根据“It took me.two days to finish cut”可知是花了几乎两天时间去剪辑。故选A。7D【解析】句意：如果你发现房间里有什么东西着火了，就立即切断电源离开房子。考查名词辨析。telephone电话；temperature温度；experience经历；electricity电源。根据“If you find anything on fire in the room, cut off the and leave the house at once”及常识可知，室内着火了，要立即切断电，故选D。8C【解析】句意：新博物馆是去年建立的。考查一般过去时的被动语态。last yeat“去年”，是一般过去时
