1、 - 1 - 山东省 2021 年高考地市名校模拟示范卷 英英 语语 (时间：100 分钟，满分：120 分) 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2020 山东新高考命题研究专家原创卷) Instant Expert：Artificial Intelligence 8th February，British Library，London Artificial intelligence is starting to impact your life.
2、Machines that have learned how to perform a taskor a huge range of tasks better than humans are proving to be an invaluable resource.AI now assists with your online shopping，routing your deliveries， and much more.Soon it may be driving your car and helping out around your home. Some see this as a co
3、ming ideal world；others as a forthcoming disaster.Whatever the truth，the majority of people are in a dilemma.Do we let AI make decisions about firing weapons？Is it OK to let AI put people out of work？How far should we go in developing intelligent machines? Join our speakers on a journey through the
4、fascinating world of AI and give your own intelligence an instant upgrade. Speakers： Michael Veale，Lecturer in Digital Rights and Regulation at University College London Nello Cristianini，Professor of Artificial Intelligence at the University of Bristol Lydia Nicholls，Researcher and writer Hosted by
5、 Valerie JamiesonNew Scientist Live Creative Director Topics covered will include： How does artificial intelligence work? What can AI do for us today and how will we use it tomorrow? Will machines outsmart us? - 2 - Should we equip intelligent machines with feelings and a sense of self? How is human
6、robot interaction like in the future? Will we ever build conscious machines? Booking information： We require the name of each person attendingplease ensure this is provided at the time of booking. We will email you your ticket(s) immediately after purchaseplease remember to bring this on the day as
7、you will need to show your ticket to gain entry. All tickets are nonrefundable and nontransferable to any other New Scientist event. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，主题语境是“人与社会”。人工智能会 议即将在伦敦的大英图书馆举行，文章介绍了会议的相关情况和购票的注意事项。 1What do most people think of AIs being used more widely? AIts confusing. BIts glad news to shar
8、e. CIts worrying. DIts a difficult choice to make. D 考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Some see this as a coming ideal world； others as a forthcoming disaster. Whatever the truth，the majority of people are in a dilemma” 可知， 大多数人对人工智能更广泛的应用感到左右为难， 很难做出抉择。 2What can attendees learn from the speakers? AWorking principles
9、of humanrobot interaction. BWays to develop more intelligent robots. CReasons why machines outsmart humans. DMoral problems of artificial intelligence. D 考查细节理解。根据 Topics covered will include 部分中的“Should we equip intelligent machines with feelings and a sense of self”可知，会议发言者会讲到 有关人工智能的道德问题。 3What t
10、ype of writing is this text? AA notice. BAn exhibition guide. - 3 - CAn ad. DA science report. C 考查文体特征。根据第三段“Join our speakers on a journey through the fascinating world of AI and give your own intelligence an instant upgrade”以及 Booking information 中的“We will email you your ticket(s) immediately af
11、ter purchase”可知，本语篇是一则关于人工智能会议的广告。 B (广东珠海 2020 期末) French children are saying“Hello”to the new academic year and“Bye”to their cellphones during school hours.Thats because a new law has come into effect which bans students up to the age of 15 from using their phones.The legislation， which follows a
12、campaign promise by French President Emmanuel Macron，also bans tablets and smart watches. The ban is also in place at break times，with the exception of emergency，and disabled children are allowed to use phones，the French Education Ministry said in a statement.In emergencies，students can ask their te
13、achers for permission to use their phones.Meanwhile，high schools can voluntarily carry out the measure. Education Minister JeanMichel Blanquer said the new rules aim to help children focus on lessons，better socialize and reduce social media use.The ban is also designed to fight online bullying and p
14、revent thefts and violence in school.Blanquer has claimed the legislation would improve discipline among Frances 12 million school students， nearly 90% of whom have mobile phones.“Being open to technologies of the future doesnt mean we have to accept all their uses， ”Blanquer said in June as the bil
15、l was going through in Parliament. As for law enforcement，its up to individual school administrations to decide how to put through the ban.School principals can decide to store students phones in lockers or allow students to keep them switched off in their backpacks. The law allows teachers to take
16、away the phones until the end of the day in case of someone disobeying the bans. Jacqueline KayCessou，whose 14yearold son，David，is entering eighth grade at the Camille Se International Section，told the reporter she was happy to hear of the ban. “Its fantastic news.Its something Ive wanted for years，
17、 ” KayCessou said. “I think phones are socially harmful.Kids cant think anymore and they sit still，and its highly - 4 - addictive.” 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了法国发布的一项新政策，内容为禁止十五及十五 周岁以下的学生在校期间使用手机、平板等电子产品，同时学校管理部门可以自 行决定如何施行此项政策。 4What is the new rule for ordinary French students in the new term? AThey are not all
18、owed to use their watches. BThey should follow President Macron. CThey should say “Hello” to school teachers. DThey cant use their cellphones at school. D 考查细节理解。 根据第一段中的“French children are saying Hello to the new academic year and Bye to their cellphones during school hours.Thats because a new law
19、 has come into effect which bans students up to the age of 15 from using their phones.”可知，在迎来新学年的同时，一项新的法令发布了，法国十五及十五周 岁以下的学生不能在校使用手机。故选 D 项。 5What is the opinion of Jean- Michel Blanquer? ACellphones are the main reason for school violence. BThe society should be strict with the school students. CN
20、ew technology should be properly applied at school. DNone of the young students should have mobile phones. C 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Being open to technologies of the future doesnt mean we have to accept all their uses”可知，乐于接受未来科技并不意味着要 接受它们所有的用途，由此可推知，布朗凯认为新科技在学校应该被恰当地使用。 故选 C 项。 6Who should be responsible
21、for carrying out the ban? AThe school administrations. BThe student monitors. CThe students parents. DThe Education Minister. A 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“As for law enforcement，its up to individual school administrations to decide how to put through the ban.”可知，至于如 - 5 - 何实施这项制度还是取决于每所学校的行政部门。故选 A 项。 7What is
22、the purpose of the last paragraph? ATo show the parental response to the ban. BTo provide a conclusion for the text. CTo offer an example for the new law. DTo make a list of the harm of using cellphones. A 考查推理判断。 由最后一段中的“Its something Ive wanted for years”可知， 这是这位家长多年来一直希望实施的法规，由此可推知，最后一段体现了家长对 这项法
23、规的看法。故选 A 项。 C (湖南十校 2020 第二次联考) Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available.While they sound efficient and costsaving，a recent study reports that they are not effective， primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage in them or stick with them. The study lo
24、oked at computerassisted cognitive(认知的) behavioral therapy(CBT) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor. Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy(治疗) for depression，helping people challenge
25、negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behavior.However，online CBT programs have been gaining popularity，with the attraction of providing lowcost help wherever someone has access to a computer. A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a r
26、andomized(随机 的) control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England.The patients were split into three groups：One group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs
27、.Participants were balanced across the three groups for age， sex， educational background， severity， duration of depression， and use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药) After four months，the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only gett
28、ing usual care from their doctors. - 6 - “Its an important，cautionary note that we shouldnt get too carried away by the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists， ”says Christopher Dowrick，a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool.“We do still need the h
29、uman touch or the human interaction，particularly when people are depressed.” Being depressed can mean feeling “lost in your own small，negative，dark world”，Dowrick says.Having a person，instead of a computer，reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation.“When youre em
30、otionally vulnerable(脆弱的)，youre even more in need of a caring human being， ”he says. 【语篇解读】 一项研究发现，由计算机辅助的抗抑郁症的在线认知行为疗 法并没有显著效果，抑郁症患者更需要医生和治疗师的倾听和治疗。 8Why have online CBT programs been increasingly popular? ABecause of their effectiveness in fighting depression. BBecause of their easy and inexpensiv
31、e access for patients. CBecause of their recommendation by primary care doctors. DBecause of their attraction of changing mood and behavior. B 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“they sound efficient and cost- saving”和 第三段中的“online CBT programs have been gaining popularity，with the attraction of providing lowcost help w
32、herever someone has access to a computer”可知，在线认 知行为疗法变得受欢迎主要是因为其价格低廉，并且人们只要在有电脑的地方都 可以进行该疗法。故选 B 项。 9What is the conclusion of the experiment done by researchers at the University of York? AOnline CBT programs are as ineffective as regular care from physicians. BThe combination of traditional CBT an
33、d computerized CBT is most effective. CThe online programs are more advanced than regular care from physicians. DOnline CBT programs have no advantages over regular care from physicians. D 考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第三段的内容可知，相较于使用传统认知 行为疗法进行治疗的患者，使用在线认知行为疗法的患者的病情没有得到任何改 善。故选 D 项。 - 7 - 10 Which of the following s
34、tatements can best convey Professor Dowricks advice on online programs? ATheir use should be encouraged by doctors. BThey should not be ignored in primary care. CTheir effectiveness should not be overestimated(高估) DThey should be used to help people contact these patients. C 考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Its a
35、n important，cautionary note that we shouldnt get too carried away by the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists”以及“We do still need the human touch or the human interaction，particularly when people are depressed.”可知，克里斯托弗 多利克认为 计算机系统不能取代医生和医师治疗抑郁症，人们仍然需要人与人之间的接触和 互动，尤其是当人们感到沮
36、丧时，所以在线认知行为疗法的效果不应该被高估。 故选 C 项。 11What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person? AA positive state of mind. BAn appropriate therapy. CAn advanced CBT program. DA caring human being. D 考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段中的“When youre emotionally vulnerable，youre even more in need of a caring human being”可知，
37、人们在情感脆 弱时更需要一个关心自己的人。故选 D 项。 D (山东名校 2020 联考二) Smart cities are coming.And you can be sure that hackers(黑客) wont be very far behind. Weve already got a glimpse of that future，as cities across the globe start to use technology to connect their services with residents in ways that were in science fict
38、ion just a few years ago.They are using sensors to collect datasuch as traffic，garbage collecting，and road conditionsand then using that data to deliver services to more people more efficiently. But this rush to become a smart city has a major drawback：The more connected a - 8 - city is，the easier i
39、t is to be struck by cyberattacks.Hackers have，in recent years， effectively had cities held hostage through ransom software(勒索软件)，sometimes damaging critical systems for months at a time.The damage can cost millions to repair， as Baltimore and Atlanta have discovered. And this is just the beginning.
40、 As cities add connectivity to their streetlights， power grids，dams，transit lines and other services，they are adding more targets that have the potential to be hacked.Whats more，as additional information on residents is collected， officials worry the resultlots of data could attract nation states or
41、 terrorists who could incorporate the data into the physical and cyber war. What cyber security lesson cant be taught in this hack？For example：Dont open e- mail attachments from unfamiliar sources；dont click on unrecognized links；dont leave sensitive information visible on the walls or surfaces of y
42、our office.But lets just stick to the most important lesson：The information you share on social media can be used to depict and target you，whether thats by engineering click bait(点击诱饵) aimed at your particular interests，guessing your password based on your birthday or figuring out your schedule and
43、travel so that an intruder can get access to your home or office. 【语篇解读】 本文主要论述了智能城市在给人们带来方便的同时也存在着 很大的安全隐患。 12What did people use to think of smart cities? AIt was the product of science. BIt was bound to be popular. CIt existed in imagination. DIt improved peoples life. C 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“as cities
44、across the globe start to use technology to connect their services with residents in ways that were in science fiction just a few years ago”可知，以往人们认为智能城市似乎只存在于科幻小说中，也就 是存在于想象之中。故选 C 项。 13What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3? AIntroduce the harm of hackers. BShow the danger of a smart cit
45、y. - 9 - CAdd some background information. DSummarize the previous paragraphs. B 考查推理判断。根据第三段的开头“But this rush to become a smart city has a major drawback”中的关键词 drawback 以及下文提到了智能城市的很多缺点可知， 第三段是为了说明智能城市存在的危险。故选 B 项。 14What is officials attitude to big data? AIt is convenient to provide services. BIt
46、 is certain to bring about revolutions. CThere are actually potential dangers. DTheres competition in high technology. C 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“officials worry the resultlots of data could attract nation states or terrorists who could incorporate the data into the physical and cyber war”可知，政府官员认为大数据实际上具有潜在的
47、危害。故选 C 项。 15What does the underlined word“depict”in Paragraph 5 mean? ADescribe. BProtect. CPursue. DFund. A 考查词义猜测。根据第五段中画线词后的“whether thats by engineering click bait aimed at your particular interests，guessing your password based on your birthday or figuring out your schedule.”可知，你发布在社交媒体上的信息可能会
48、被用来描绘出你的信息并将你作为攻击目标，如获取你的兴趣爱好、猜测你的密 码以及掌握你的日程安排和行踪。由此可推断该词的意思是“描绘” 。故选 A 项。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。 (福建厦门 2020 第二次质检) Supporting Others Were always being told that the secret to happiness lies in helping others.Indeed， its natural to want to suppor
49、t those we care about，especially if we are in a position to do so. 16 When we offer support，it may not always be wanted. 17 In this case， - 10 - offering support in the manner of “. if I were you，I would.”can feel like a scolding rather than support.If our support feels conditional，it can feel burdensome. 18 Wh
