1、专题专题 02 02 冠词冠词 (一一)不定冠词不定冠词 表示类指或某类中的“任何一个”。 A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. 表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人 或某物时通常用不定冠词；或由不定冠词构 成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当 于 a certain；或专有名词前加不定冠词，表 示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的 人或某个不确定的时间。 I have a question to ask you. In a sense what you said is true. All of a sudd
2、en, she burst into tears. Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. 表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但 数的概念没有 one强烈。 Suddenly they heard a loud voice. 表示“每”，相当于 per，用在表示价格、速 度、频率等的短语中。 Prices start at 13.95 a yard for printed cotton. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体 化。表示“一种的人或事” He suddenly appeare
3、d on a rainy night, which was a great surprise to us. 不定冠词用于序数词前，表示“再一，又 一”。 Live a good, honorable life.Then when you get older and think back, youll get to enjoy it a second time. (二二)定冠词定冠词 表示特指的人或物，或者双方都知道的或心 中都明确的人或物，或者指上文已经提到过 的人或事物。 Take your time its just a short distance from here to the re
4、staurant. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。 The earth goes around the sun. 用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。 Is this the first time that you have visited Qingdao？ 用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人 或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示某 一类人或物。 The explosion saw people rush to help the injured. 用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示 “在某世纪几十年代”。 Its said that corn was grown a lot in Tib
5、et in the 17th century. 用于演奏的乐器名称前 She was born in 1974 and has played the piano since the age of six. 用于一些普通名词构成的专有名词前 the United States, the Great Wall, the Times 用于某些地理名称前。例如：江河、海洋、 湖泊、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、沙漠 the Yellow River, the Read Sea, the Sahara (三三)零冠词零冠词 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地 名等名词前，一般不加冠词。 He is liv
6、ing in Canada now. 季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一 般不加冠词。 We usually have breakfast at 7 oclock. 语言、学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名 词前不用冠词。 Im interested in English. 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补 足语时，其前通常不用冠词。 Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge.” 系动词 turn(变成)
7、后的单数名词作表语不用 冠词。 His brother has turned writer. “(零冠词)单数名词/形容词最高级 as/though(主语谓语)”，意为“尽管但 是”。 Hero as/though he is, he has some shortcomings. 以下专有名词以下专有名词前不加冠词前不加冠词 街道名 Nanjing Road Wangfujing Street 广场名 Times Square Tiananmen Square 公园名 Beihai Park Hyde Park 车站、机场、桥梁 名 Kennedy Airport Golden Gate Br
8、idge 大学名 Henan University Yale University 杂志名 Time New Scientist 节日名 National Day May Day 冠词的固定搭配冠词的固定搭配 (一)不定冠词用于固定搭配中 an average of平均 for a while 一会儿 as a result因此 as a rule 通常 as a whole总体上 as a matter of fact 事实上 at a loss不知所措 in a hurry匆忙 in a word 总之 in a sense在某种意义上 in a way在某种程度上 in a short
9、while 不久 keep an eye on 照看，留意 pay a visit to 拜访 put an end to 结束 once in a while偶尔 once upon a time 从前 all of a sudden 突然 be on a diet节食 have a gift for 有天赋 have/catch a cold感冒 make a living 谋生 have/take a rest休息 give sb.a lift让某人搭便车 (二)定冠词用于固定搭配中 in the middle of 在中间 in the end 最后 by the way顺便说一下 i
10、n the distance在远处 in the way挡道 on the whole总的来说 at the same time 同时 on the other hand 另一方面 to tell the truth 说实话 for the time being 暂时 on the spot在现场 on the top floor在顶层 the other day前几天 take the place of 代替 at the moment 此刻，目前 in the countryside 在乡村 make the most/best of 充分利用 one .the other . 一个，另一
11、个 (三)零冠词用于固定搭配中 at present目前 take part in 参加 in peace平静 by chance/accident碰巧 on purpose故意 on second thoughts 再一想 ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前 by law根据法律 by mistake 错误地 under repair处于维修中 lose heart 灰心 out of control失控 out of work失业 in danger处于危险之中 at risk 处境危险；遭受危险 day and night 整日整夜 from morning t
12、ill night 从早到晚 .单句语法填空单句语法填空 1(2018 全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 2(2017 全国卷)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over _ top. 3(2017 全国卷)Instead, she is earning 6,500 a d
13、ay as _ model in New York. 4(2017 11 月浙江高考)Its not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, its _ ongoing process. 5(2017 6月浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was _ wonder. 6(2015 全国卷)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest
14、 are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers. 7(2015 广东高考)He owned _ farm, which looked almost abandoned. 8(2014 全国卷)Now, years later, this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. 9(2018 全国卷)Unexpectedly, Im face- to- face with the gorilla, who begins
15、screaming at _ top of her lungs. 10(2017 全国卷)When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.As _ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 11(2016 全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that wh
16、ile one is being bottle- fed, _ other is with mum she never suspects. 12(2016 全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 13(2014 广东高考)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor. 1. 解析：the 此处特指过去的 25年，
17、故用 the past 25 years。 2. 解析：the top 是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在(地铁的)顶部建造一个结实的顶， 所以填定冠词 the。 3. 解析：a 此处意为“作为纽约的一名模特”，在单数可数名词 model 前应该使用不定 冠词，表示“一，一名”，且 model的读音以辅音音素开头，故填 a。 4. 解析：an 此处表示积累词汇是一个持续的过程，因为单词 ongoing 的读音以元音 音素开头，故填不定冠词 an。 5. 解析：a wonder 为可数名词，表示“奇迹，奇事”，此处为泛指，且 wonder 的读音 以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词 a。 6. 解析：t
18、he 在形容词最高级的前面用定冠词 the。 7. 解析：a 此处指一个农场，表示泛指，且 farm的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定 冠词 a 8. 解析：the 此空后为形容词的最高级形式，故应填定冠词 the。 9. 解析：the at the top of ones lungs 为固定搭配，意为“尽量大声地，声嘶力竭地”。 10. 解析：a as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”. 11. 解析：the one .the other 为固定搭配，意为“一个另一个”。此处表示双 胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”应该使用 the other。 12. 解析：a for a w
19、hile为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”。 13.解析：the on the top floor 为固定搭配，意为“在顶层”。 .单句改错单句改错 1(2018 全国卷)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me._ 2(2017 全国卷)I still remember how hard first day was. 3(2017 全国卷)They live far from the school, and
20、 it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 4(2016 全国卷)But in that case, we will learn little about world._ 5 (2016四 川 高 考 )I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen._ 6(2015 全国卷)He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop . A woman saw him cryi
21、ng and told him to wait outside a shop._ 7(2014 全国卷)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings._ 8(2018 全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. 9(2016 全国卷)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could ma
22、ke decisions by myself._ 10(2015 浙江高考)On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning._ 11(2014 全国卷)As result, the plants are growing everywhere._ 12 (2014辽 宁 高 考 )Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day._ 1. 解析：thea kid
23、 在此处表泛指，且 kid 的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词 a。 2. 解析：first前加 the/my 表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词 the或者用形容词性物主 代词 my进行修饰。 3. 解析：第一个 aan/one hour 的读音以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以用 an/one hour 表示“一个小时”。 4. 解析：world前加 the 此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。 5. 解析：kitchen 前加 the 此处特指“我们家”的厨房。 6. 解析：outside 后的 athe 此处用定冠词特指上文提到的商店。 7. 解析：去掉第一个 the 此处为泛指，不表示特指，故去掉 the。 8. 解析：countryside 前加 the go to the countryside 是固定用法，意为“去乡下”。 9. 解析：去掉 the at first“起初”，为固定短语。 10. 解析：hurry前加 a in a hurry“匆匆忙忙”，为固定短语。 11. 解析：As 后加 a as a result“结果”，为固定短语。 12. 解析：第一个 aan an average of .“平均有”，为固定短语。
