1、Unit 6 Disaster and hope Using language Ellipsis(省略省略) - Excuse me! - Yes? - Is this your handbag? - Pardon? - Is this your handbag? - Yes, it is. - Thank you very much. Watch and ObserveWatch and Observe - Excuse me! - Yes? - Is this your handbag? Pardon? - Is this your handbag? - Yes, it is. - Tha
2、nk you very much. (You) (I beg your) - pardon. my handbag. (I) a Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest. b My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low. Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions. Wh
3、at has been left out in sentences (a) and (b)? c Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest lines. d My office is only on the third floor of the building, so it is quite low. “Lines” has been left out in sentence (a), and “it is” has been left out i
4、n sentence (b). The author leaves them out to avoid repeating the word or expression that is too obvious, and to make the sentences more concise(简洁的简洁的). Ellipsis 省略省略 定义：为了使语言简洁化、并定义：为了使语言简洁化、并 且为了避免重复，省略句中的且为了避免重复，省略句中的 一个或几个成分，这种语法现一个或几个成分，这种语法现 象称为省略（象称为省略（Ellipsis)。 (You) Come in, please. (I) S
5、ee you tomorrow. (I) Thank you for your help. (I) Beg your pardon. 简单句中的省略简单句中的省略 1. 省略主语省略主语: 祈使句中的主语通常被省祈使句中的主语通常被省 略略; 其他省略主语的情况多限于少数现其他省略主语的情况多限于少数现 成的说法。成的说法。 (It) Sounds a good idea. (Will you) Have a smoke? (Would you like) Something to drink? (You come) This way, please. 2. 省略主语或谓语的一部分省略主语或谓
6、语的一部分 3. 省略宾语省略宾语 - Do you know Miss Hu? - I dont know (her). Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing). 可以省略宾语的全部可以省略宾语的全部 Dont touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch). - Are you a teacher? - No, but I want to be (a teacher). - He hasnt finished the task. - Well, he ought to have
7、 (finished it). 可以省略作宾语的动词不定式可以省略作宾语的动词不定式, 只保留只保留to, 但如果该宾语是动词但如果该宾语是动词be或完成形式或完成形式, 则须则须 在在to后加上后加上be或或have。 - Are you thirsty? - Yes, I am (thirsty). His brother isnt lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy). 4. 省略表语省略表语 - Are you feeling better now? - (Im feeling) Better (now). - When did you read the nov
8、el? - (I read it) Long ago. Lets meet at the school gate as the same as (we met) yesterday. 5. 同时省略几个句子成分同时省略几个句子成分 两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前 一分句中相同的部分。一分句中相同的部分。 Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didnt (come to school to see me the next day). Lins father
9、 was not at home, but his mother was (at home). She was poor but (she was) honest. 并列句中的省略并列句中的省略 1. 主句中的省略主句中的省略 1) 主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。 (Its a) Pity you couldnt come. 2) 在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。 - Shall I go to play? - If you like (you can go to play). 复合句中的省略复合句中的省略 2. 宾语从
10、句中的省略宾语从句中的省略 1) 由由which, when, where, how和和why引导引导 的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保 留引导词。留引导词。 Please pass me one of these books and I dont care which (you pass me). 2) 在在Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等开头的作答句中，后面跟等开头的作答句中，后面跟so与与 not分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语从分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语从 句可省去。句可省去。 - Do
11、 you think it will rain? - I hope not (that it will not rain). 3. 状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略 1) 状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以 作句尾省略。作句尾省略。 John will go if Mary will (go). You can ask me questions if (there are) any (questions). 2) 有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下 主句。主句。 I would have come yesterday (if I ha
12、d wanted to). 3) 以以as, than引导的比较状语从句可以全引导的比较状语从句可以全 部或部分省去。部或部分省去。 After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been). 4) 在表示时间、地点、条件、让步等的在表示时间、地点、条件、让步等的 状语从句中，从句的主语如与主句的主状语从句中，从句的主语如与主句的主 语相同，常省略从句的主语和谓语。语相同，常省略从句的主语和谓语。 When (you are) crossing the road, youd better look at both sides. Unl
13、ess (I am) invited I will not go. While (he was) on a walking tour with his wife, he stooped to talk to a workman. 1. that的省略的省略 (1) 宾语从句中常省略宾语从句中常省略that, 但多个宾语但多个宾语 从句并列时从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个通常只省略第一个that。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. (2) 定语从句中定语从句中that作
14、宾语时可以省略。作宾语时可以省略。 The book (that) I borrowed yesterday was hers. 其它省略其它省略 2. 不定式符号不定式符号to的省略的省略 (1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的to。 The boy did nothing but play. (3) 介词介词but前若有实义动词前若有实义动词do, 后面不定式后面不定式 不带不带to。 I will help (to) do it for you. I will help you (to) do it. (2) help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾当“帮助”讲时，后面的
15、宾语或宾 补的不定式符号补的不定式符号to可带可不带。可带可不带。 I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day. (4) 某些使役动词某些使役动词 (let, make, have)及感官及感官 动词动词 (see, watch, hear, notice
16、, observe, feel, look at, listen to等等) 后面作宾语补足后面作宾语补足 语的不定式一定要省去语的不定式一定要省去to, 但在被动语态但在被动语态 中须将中须将to复原。复原。 (5) 主语从句中有实义动词主语从句中有实义动词do, 后面作表后面作表 语的不定式的语的不定式的to可带可不带。可带可不带。 What we can do now is (to) wait. 3. 条件从句中有条件从句中有should, were或或had时时, 可以省略可以省略if, 但要将但要将should, were或或had 提至句首。提至句首。 If I were you,
17、 I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. 1. signs/labels No parking. (No parking is allowed here.) Quiet! (You should be quiet here.) 2. newspaper headlines Turandot on stage. (The opera Turandot is being performed on stage.) 一些特殊结构中的省略一些特殊结构中的省略 3. instructions Do not bend! (Do not bend
18、 this envelope.) 4. postcards/diaries Best wishes. (I give you my best wishes.) 5. notes Opera OK, costumes great. (The opera was OK, and the costumes were great.) Technology isnt the only way to forecast the weather. Nature has its ways, too. Unusual animal behaviour, for example, can indicate whet
19、her its cold, wet weather thats on the way or a hot, dry period. If fish are jumping higher than usual or frogs are croaking more loudly, it may rain. And next time you look up at the sky, dont just look for rain clouds, but also for birds. If they are flying low, grab your umbrella. It is also said
20、 that mice and snakes head for safer ground several days before an earthquake, while dogs avoiding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is approaching. Of course, although these things may suggest something bad is going to happen, they wont tell us when and where.So, for accurate and reliable pred
21、ictions, its best to check an official, scientific report. Read the paragraph and find out what words have been removed before or after the underlined word. P65 2 (to forecast the weather) (thats on the way) (than usual) (look) (something bad is going to happen) (something bad is going to happen) P6
22、5 3 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1. 省略的概念：为了使语言简洁或避省略的概念：为了使语言简洁或避 免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句 子成分。子成分。 2. 可省略的成分。可省略的成分。 3. 用省略的情况。用省略的情况。 Self-evaluation Can you use ellipsis correctly? 注注: : 另附另附 word word 文档。文档。 点击此处链接点击此处链接 1. Havent seen you for ages. _ 2. Some more tea? _ 3. Sounds like a good idea. _
23、4. Doesnt matter. _ 5. Sorry to hear that. _ I havent seen you for ages. Would you like some more tea? That/It sounds like a good idea. Quiz I: Find out what have been left out. It doesnt matter. Im sorry to hear that. 6. Pity you couldnt come. _ 7. This way, please. _ 8. Terrible weather! _ 9. Join
24、ing us for a drink? _ 10. Going to the supermarket? _ Its / What a pity you couldnt come. Step / Come this way, please. What terrible weather it is! Are you joining us for a drink? Are you going to the supermarket? 1. 我的兄弟抽烟，而我不抽烟。我的兄弟抽烟，而我不抽烟。 _ 2. 一旦出版，这部小说将成为今年的畅销书之一旦出版，这部小说将成为今年的畅销书之 一。一。 _ 3. 过
25、马路要小心。过马路要小心。 _ 4. 我只能按照别人告我的方法去做。我只能按照别人告我的方法去做。 _ 5. - 那袋子沉么？那袋子沉么？ - 不很沉。不很沉。 _ My brother smokes, but I dont (smoke). Quiz II: Translate the sentences. When(the novel is) published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year. When (you are) crossing the road, (you must) be careful
26、. I can only do it (the way) as (I was) told (to do it in that way). - Is that bag heavy? - (Its) Not very (heavy). Angela: What is your favourite kind of music? David: (My favourite kind of music is) jazz. Angela: Is it really? David: Yes, it is. Angela: Have you got a favourite jazz musician? Davi
27、d: Have you ever heard of Louis Armstrong? Angela: Mmm. he played the trumpet, didnt he? David: Yes, he did. He was a good singer, too. Angela: Have you got many of his CDs? David: Ive got only two CDs. Angela: Can I borrow one of those CDs? David: Yes, of course you can borrow one. Quiz III: Put brackets around the words that can be left out. The first example is done for you. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) HomeworkHomework 1. Finish the exercises of Grammar part in Learning English. 2. Preview the passage Stars after the storm on pages 68-69.
