1、 十年高考真题分类汇编（十年高考真题分类汇编（2010-2019）英语英语 专题专题 21 社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解 (2010安徽安徽阅读理解阅读理解 E) The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the words supply of water.With 97% of the words water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture,the wordwide supply of water needs care
2、full management， especially in agriculture .Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country,many of the words agriculture industries experience constant water shortages. Although dams can be built to store water for agriculture u
3、se in dry areas and dry seasons,the costs of water redistribution(重新分配) are very high.Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself,but there is also an envitonmental cost to be considered.Where valleys(山谷) are flooded to create dams,houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed.Besides,water
4、may flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other.Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to suply its farming requirements. This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas depen
5、dent on irrigation(灌 溉).In Texas,farmers overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.In the Central Vally area of southwestern USA,a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys,but much of the water use has been poorly managed. 73.Saud
6、i Arabias attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves.Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reseWhich of the folloeing is true? A.The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75. B.Most industries in the
7、world suffer from water shortages. C.The underground watet in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years. D.Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley. 74.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A.Steps to improving water use management. B.Way
8、s to reduce the cost of building dams. C.Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages. D.Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply. WWW. The text is mainly about_. A.water supply and increasing population B.warer use management and agriculture C.water redistribution and wildlife protect
9、ion D.water shotages and environmental protection rves can only decrease,and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry. 72. From the first two paragraphs we learn that . A. much of the words water is available for use B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky C. the cost
10、s of water redistribution should be considered D. water can be easily carried through pipes across rhe world (2010四川四川阅读理解阅读理解 B) Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the citys poorest areas. Tw
11、o-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbo
12、n emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs. Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy, people. Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developer
13、s. ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases ho
14、using construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy. Michael. Bloomberg, New Yorks mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York Citys gr
15、eenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing. So he recently announced that the citys Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the citys supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to
16、follow ECPs green standards. Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New Yorks DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country. 45. What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph? A. To explain the measures
17、the city takes to care for poor people. B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas. C. To show how the environment-friendly building works. D. To compare old and new boiler rooms. 46. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards? A. Lower running
18、costs. B. Costing less in construction. C. Less air to be lost in hot days. D. Better prices for homeless people. 47. It can be learned from the text that, A. New York City is seriously polluted B. peoples daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City C. a great number of people in New Yo
19、rk City dont have houses to live in D. some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City 48. What is the main purpose of this text? A. To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems. B. To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing. C. To ask s
20、ociety to help homeless people and low-income families. D. To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing. (2011重庆重庆阅读理解阅读理解 C) Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century
21、, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.
22、So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should
23、not go out. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it se
24、ems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first
25、-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some
26、 ground. 64. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because . A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment. B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin
27、 disease 65.Which of the following best describes Henry IVs attitude to bathing? A. Afraid. B. Curious. C. Approving. D. Uninterested. 66. How does the passage mainly develop? A. By providing examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By following the order of time. D. By following the order of importan
28、ce. 67. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? A. To stress the role of dirt. B. To introduce the history of dirt. C. To call attention to the danger of dirt. D. To present the change of views on dirt. (2011湖北湖北阅读理解阅读理解 E) Which are you more likely to have wath you at sny given mementyo
29、ur cell phone or your wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electroue scannet. In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its states. This is the first pay b
30、y phone practice in the U.S., but were likely to see more witeless payment alternatives as something called ucar field communcation(NFC)GETS IN TO Americas consumet electanies. Last Deccmbet some new smart phanes which cantain an NFC chip were introduced to the midlit. Already in use in part of Asia
31、 and Europe, NFCtheir plan a few incees live a payment tetminal a one a few ptaht need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable trunsacian(交易)fees. Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with wave and pay systems that use NFC enabled credit cards, cellphone
32、service providers truay try to mused their way into the point of sale (POS)market. Three big gellphone service providers have formed a joinf tenture(合资企业)that will go into opention over the next i15 months. Its goal is“to lead the U.S. payments industry from cards to mobile phone.” The other big NFC
33、 sue, apart from how paymeats will be processed, is security, For instance, whats to stop a thief from digitally pickpocketing you? “Were still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against yee in a crowd and steal all the money out of your phone,”says Jimmy Shah. A mobile security resca
34、rcher, “Usera may also be able to set transaction timeits,requiring a password to be enteced for larger putchases. Bus siness? Keep in mund you lost your smart phone, it can be located on a located on a map and remotely ned Plus, your phone can be password protected, Your wallet isnt. 67.What is pre
35、dicted to happen in the U.S.? A.The expansion of cellphone companices. B. The boom of pay by phone business. C. The dissppearanceof credit cards. D. The increase of Starbucks sales.s 68.The NFC technology can be used to_. A. ensure the safety of shoppers B. collect transaction fees easily C. make pu
36、rchase faster and smpler D. improve the quality of cellphones 69.Three cellphone service providers form a joint venture to_. A. strengthen their relationship B .get a share in the payments industry C .sell more cellphones D. test the NFC teehnoingy 70.According to the what can users do if they lose
37、their smart phones? A. Stop the luneting of niet phones. B .Stop a passwant. C .Cat all the money out of their phones. D. Can large purchases. (2012广东普宁英才侨中、建新高中月考广东普宁英才侨中、建新高中月考) Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives
38、him a credit which he may count towards a degree.In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty- six courses, each lasting for one semester.A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend
39、 four or five courses during each semester.Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year.It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period.It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degr
40、ee course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to future employers.All this imposes a constant pressure and stress of work, but in spite of this some
41、 students still find time for great activity in student affairs.Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.Any student who is thought to have broken the rules
42、, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court.With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and will be of benefit to him later in his career.
43、 21Normally a student would at least attend _ classes each week. A36 B12 C20 D15 22According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed to _. A.live in a different university B.take a particular course in a different university C.live at home and drive to school D.get two degrees from two
44、 different universities 23American university students are usually under pressure of work because _. A.their academic performance will affect their future careers B.they are heavily involved in student affairs C.they have to obey university discipline D.they want to run for positions of authority 24
45、Some students are enthusiastic for position in student organizations probably because _. A.they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study B.they will then be able to stay longer in the university C.such positions help them get better jobs D.such positions are usually well paid 25The stude
46、nt organizations seem to be effective in _. A.dealing with the academic affairs of the university B.ensuring that the students obey university regulations C.evaluating students performance by bringing them before a court D.keeping up the students enthusiasm for social activities (2012德阳高中高三一诊德阳高中高三一
47、诊) The singer, Mick Jagger, of the Rolling Stones sings a song that tells people they cant always get what they want but if we try sometimes we can get what we need. The past years in my life my parents have told me this saying many times. Ive always complained about the quote(引语). Although over tim
48、e I have told myself to learn from it. This year my girlfriend flew off to college in West Palm, Florida. This has been a killer for me because I havent been able to see her and she is having a rough time in school. The last two months have been hard but we are working through it. I have been trying
49、 to get my dad to buy me a plane ticket to go down there. My dad told me if I brought him some money he would help me pay for the ticket. I started to complain to him because I had no way of getting any money to give him. I spent several days and nights thinking of ways to earn money to go to see my girlfriend. I finally cam
