1、1/10 阅读 Reading 2 的材料，选出最佳选项 1Who proved the Franklins experiment was not true? AFranklin himself. BHis neighbors. CSome scientists. DSome students. 2Which story has also been mentioned and questioned? AFranklins life story. BFranklins work as a scientist. CNewtons theory of gravity. DLightning made
2、 by electricity. 3From the first two paragraphs，what do we know about the experiment? AOnly Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning. BFranklin taught many children about his findings in different schools. C People had already known the cause of lightning before Frankli
3、ns experiment. DAs a scientist Franklin was admired for his attitude to science. 4What people are inspired for in Franklins story? AHis bravery and approach. BThe kite with a key tied to the string. CThe stormy weather with lightning. DHis touching on the metal key. 5In which aspect Franklins experi
4、ment was NOT true? AHis story and the details of the experiment. BHis bravery and his scientific approach. CThe key tied to the string of the kite. DHis death from the electric shock. 6What do we know a bout the Newtons story? AThe scientists didnt see the apple falling on Newtons head. 2/10 BScient
5、ists like to question everything around them. CNo one can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head. DThe falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about why. 答案 16 CCDAAD Words and Phrases 知识要点1 instance n例子，实例 (教材 P29) For instance，some restaurants in London have served 3Dprinted hamburger
6、s to customers. 例如，在伦敦，一些餐馆已经向顾客提供 3D 打印出来的汉堡了。 例 1 In many instances people were left without any money at all. 在很多情况下，人们会落到身无分文的地步。 例 2 What would you do，for instance，if you found a member of staff stealing? 比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？ 造句 很多地方都有了改进，比如鼠标的两个按键。 There are a number of improvements；for inst
7、ance，the mouse buttons. 知识拓展 for instance 例如；譬如 in the first instance 首先；第一步 at sb.s instance 经某人请求；在某人的敦促下 即学即练 单句语法填空 In most instances (instance)，there will be no need for further treatment. In the first instance your child will be seen by an ear，nose，and throat specialist. 知识要点2 injure v伤害；使受伤；损
8、害；伤害(名誉、自尊等) (教材 P29) And it is not just humans who are benefiting in Brazil, people have given a new 3Dprinted shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire! 并且不仅仅是人类正在受益，在巴西，人们已经给一只在森林大火中受伤的 海龟换上了一个 3D 打印出来的龟壳。 3/10 例 1 Too much smoking will injure the voice. 吸烟太多会损害嗓音。 例 2 Three people were killed a
9、nd five injured in the crash. 撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。 造句 这会严重损害学校的声誉。 This could seriously injure the schools reputation. 知识拓展 injury n 伤害；损伤；受伤处 injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 受伤的人 即学即练 单句语法填空 The injury (injure)was quite painful and I couldnt move my arm for a monthI hated that. The woman injured (injury)
10、in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital. 小片段填空 An injured man was taken to the hospital，where the doctors found he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms and they wondered who had injured him. 一个受伤的人被送到了医院， 在那里医生发现他的头部和胳膊都受到了严重 的伤害，他们想知道是谁伤害了他。 知识要点3 (教材 P30) A mountain on the M
11、oon and a minor planet are named after him. 月球上的一座山和一个小星球都是以他的名字命名的。 (1)minor adj.次要的；不重要的；小的 例 1 There are some very minor changes in words and punctuation. 在用词与标点方面有一些非常小的变化。 例 2 There may be some minor changes to the schedule. 时间安排也许会有些小小的变动。 造句 在这个组织中，这位老师发挥着相对次要的作用。 The teacher played a relativ
12、ely minor role in the organization. 知识拓展 4/10 minority n 少数；少数民族 in the minority 占少数 即学即练 单句语法填空 British households who do not have a car are only in the minority (minor) Writing an article about two ethnic minorities(minority) 小片段填空 There are 55 minorities in our country and there are some minor di
13、fferences between them.That is to say，the differences between them are in the minority 我们国家有 55 个少数民族，他们之间有一些较小的差异。也就是说他们之 间的差异占少数。 (2)be named after 以命名 例 1 Bill was born after his father died one month later and was named after his father. 比尔在父亲去世后一个月出生，以其父亲的名字命名。 例 2 His name will remain unforgot
14、ten，for the greatest building was named after him. 他的名字不会被忘记，因为那座宏伟的建筑是以他的名字命名的。 造句 这座桥是用那位献出了生命的英雄的名字命名的。 The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life. 知识拓展 in the name of 以的名义；代表 under the name (of) 用的别名 即学即练 单句语法填空 There are many schools and hospitals named (name) after a great man Shao
15、Yifu. I would like to give you some advice in the name of a friend. 知识要点4 apart from 除之外 (教材 P32) Apart from being a successful statesman，he was also well known as a leading American author，printer and publisher，successful diplomat，creative scientist and inventor. 5/10 除了是个成功的政治家以外，富兰克林也因为下面的身份而知名：一
16、流的美 国作家，印刷和出版商，成功的外交家，有创意的科学家和发明家。 例 1 Apart from providing warmth，what was fire used for? 除了提供温暖之外，火还是用来做什么的？ 例 2 This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes. 除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。 造句 除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？ What other sports do you like apart from football? 知识拓展 apart from 具有双重含义， 既可以相当于 except
17、(for)/but， 意为“除以外， 没有， ” 又可以相当于 besides/in addition to， 意为“除以外， 还有”。 in addition/besides 另外，此外 tell.apart 区分开 即学即练 单句语法填空 Apart from caring(care)for her children，she has to take on some heavy time consuming housework. Its easy to tell my pills apart because theyre all different colours. 知识要点5 attach
18、 vt.系；贴；连接 (教材 P32) A metal key was attached to the string. 一个金属钥匙被拴在了绳子上。 例 1 He attached a stamp to the envelope. 他在信封上贴了张邮票。 例 2 Theyve attached a number of conditions to the agreement. 他们在协议上附加了一些条件。 造句 他把马拴在了树上小睡了一会儿。 He attached his horse to a tree and took a nap. 知识拓展 attachment n 附件，依恋 be at
19、tached to 固定在；依恋；附属于 attach importance to 重视 6/10 即学即练 单句语法填空 We should attach importance to learning (learn) basic skills. People with disabilities can go anywhere using hightech cameras attached (attach) to their head. 小片段填空 The young boy is studying in the Senior high that is attached to Shandong
20、 University.He attaches great importance to learning biology and hopes to become a scientist as Tu Youyou.Everyday he attaches some small pieces of paper to his desk where there are many key points from the textbook. 这个男孩子在山东大学附属高中读书，他很重视生物的学习，想当一名像屠 呦呦那样的科学家。 每天他都把课本上的知识点写在小纸片上， 然后贴在书桌上。 Sentence P
21、atterns 重点句式1 make宾语十宾补 结构 (教材 P32) For example，the title “Franklins Experiment：How Much Is True？”makes it clear what question is being answered within the essay. 例如题目“富兰克林的实验： 真实性有多少？”表明了文章里面要回答的问 题。 句式分析：make it clear 是“make宾语十宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其 中 it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的 that 从句。 例 1 The police officer ma
22、de it clear that they were letting him go on the ground that he was too old. 警官明确表示，他们让他走的理由是他年纪太大了。 例 2 I have to make it clear that we have one key problem：that is technology. 我想说清楚一点，我们的关键问题是技术问题。 造句 我想明确地说明我和这事没关系。 Id like to make it clear that I had nothing to do with this. 知识拓展 “make宾语宾语补足语”是一
23、个常用句式。make 后的宾语是不定式或 that 从句或动名词，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，如果宾语较长，且宾语后面有 补语时，这时往往把形式宾语 it 放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在后面。 7/10 与 make 用法相同的常用动词还有：find，feel，think，consider 等。 该句型为：make/find/feel/think/consideritadj./n. that- clause/(for sb.)to do sth. 翻译 We think it not right that a child should be left alone in the house.(
24、认为是不对 的) We found it difficult to explain to him what happened.(觉得困难) 即学即练 单句语法填空 We must make it a duty to protect our common global environment. The rain made it more difficult for us to finish (finish) the work on time. 重点句式2 neither.nor.既不也不 (教材 P33) However，neither the story nor the details of
25、the experiment are entirely true. 然而故事和实验的细节都不完全真实。 句式分析：neither.nor.表示“既不也不”。其含义是否定的，可 连接任意两个并列的成份。 例 1 Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。 例 2 She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。 造句 他既不知道也不关心发生了什么。 He neither knows nor cares what happened. 知识拓展 (1)当 neither.nor.连接两个主语时，
26、也应遵循“就近原则”。 (2)若将 neither.nor.句型变为肯定句，只需把 neither.nor.改为 both.and. 即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。 (3)还可以单独使用 neither 作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。 (4)neither 或 nor 还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个 人也没做同一类事时，可用 neither 或 nor 进行简略回答。 其结构为：Neither / Nor助动词 / 情态动词 / be 动词主语。 8/10 翻译 Neither of them likes football.(他俩任何一个都不) I havent b
27、een to my fathers hometown and neither has my sister(我姐姐也 没有) 即学即练 单句语法填空 I hadnt been to New York before and neither had Jane. He cannot see and nor could he hear until one month ago. 推理判断题(1) 提分技巧：推理判断题中也含有对细节的理解，考查的内容虽然也属于原文 细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于 由已知推断未知。 首先要定位信息。 通过速读找到题目和文章中相对应的信息
28、点； 其次是字面理解。理解相关信息点的字面意思；最后是深层理解。结合语境和常 识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。 细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文 章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思考，推断出隐含的深层含义， 推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细 节代替推断。 典例 (2018 全国卷 阅读理解 C 节选) Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there
29、has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter- gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10， 000 years ago， when the world had just five to ten million people，
30、they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them. . 28What can we infer about languages in hunter- gatherer times? AThey developed very fast. BThey were large in number. CThey had similar patterns. 9/10 DThey were closely connected. B 根据本段最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when
31、 the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选 B。 即学即练 请迅速找出下面段落中的针对该题目的推理信息。 At the age of 4，I began attending the choir at St.James Church.My mother decided that joining the choir would provide me with musical instruction.I
32、 was initially joined by a lot of kids at St.James，making choir a fun，social task，but as I grew older，one by one，my friends began dropping out. St.James was situated on the Upper East Side，one of the fanciest areas in New York，while I came from the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bushwick.Some children at
33、the choir proudly showed off the signs of their good education whose cost was nearly as much as my mothers yearly wage，while I wore my uniform of jeans and a T shirt.They knew me as the girl from Brooklyn，the chorister who went to public school.This discrepancy(差异) made me very uncomfortable. I begg
34、ed my mom to let me follow the path of my friends，but she replied with a “no” As the years went on，I continued to bother my mother.Her answers began to lessen in severity.She said “Just do it for one more year” or “Are you sure？” Not seeing much hope，I began to withdraw my constant requests.Graduall
35、y I enjoyed finding my voice every week in church.After years in the choir，people started to acknowledge me for my voice rather than my address and I began to appreciate music and my habitual complaints about the choir were completely gone. Through the choir，I learned that if you continue with somet
36、hing long enough， you will receive some sort of benefit from it and maybe even grow to love it.Because of the choir，I found my voice in a small church.Because of the choir，I am willing to go wherever life will take me with an open mind. How did the authors mother react to her repeated requests？( ) AShe didnt refuse them flatly. 10/10 BShe was very angry about them. CShe agreed to them completely. DShe simply ignored them. A 推理判断题。 由第三段中的“she replied with a no，Just do it for one more year or Are you sure？”可知，在作者提出想退出唱诗班时，作者的 母亲起初态度坚决，在作者的一再请求下，母亲没有断然拒绝，态度有所缓和， 但仍希望她坚持下去。
