1、1 课时分层作业(十八) .阅读理解 A The Erie Canal was the first important national waterway built in the US.It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River.It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the
2、 west，and materials could pour into the east.The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nations largest city. The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York.It cost $7,143,789，but it soon gained its price many times over.Between 1825，when the canal was opened，and 1882，
3、when toll charges(过运河费) were stopped，the state collected $121,461,891. For a hundred years before the Erie was built，people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean.The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton.Those
4、 who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clintons Ditch(沟)”Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it.He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal，but they were unsuccessful. Clinton became governor of New York in 1817，and shortly af
5、terwards，on July 4,1817，broke ground for the canal in Rome，N.Y.The first part of the canal was completed in 1820.As the canal grew，towns along its course developed fast.The length of the canal is 363 miles. 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了 Erie Canal 的作用及修建过程。 1We can see that the Erie Canal . Ajoined the Great Lakes t
6、ogether Bcrossed New York from north to south Cplayed an important part in developing New York City Dwas the first waterway built in the US C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nations largest city.”及全段内容可推知，此题答案为 C。 2 2It can be inferred that into the Atlantic Ocean.
7、Athe Great Lakes flow Bthe Hudson River flows CLake Erie flows Dthe Erie Canal flows B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句和第三句：“It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River.It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.”可推知此题答案为 B。 3Which of the following is true according to th
8、e passage? AThe Erie Canal brought profits of over $114,000,000. BIts 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. CThe West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built. DMany other states helped New York built the canal. A 推理判断题。通过比较文章第二段第 2 句中的“It cost $ 7,143,789”和 第二段最后一句中的
9、“.the state collected $121,461,891”可推知此题答案为 A。 4Which of the following is true according to the passage? AClinton broke ground for the canal at both ends. BClinton started building the canal before he became governor. CAll parts of the canal were completed at the same time. DConstruction of the cana
10、l took eight years. D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句中的“.on July 4,1817，broke ground for the canal in Rome，N.Y.”和第二段第三句中的“Between 1825，when the canal was opened.”可推知此题答案为 D。 B Have you ever pressed the pedestrian button at a crosswalk and wondered if it really worked ？ Theyre called “placebo( 安 慰 剂 )buttons”butto
11、ns that mechanically sound and can be pushed，but provide no functionality. In New York City，only about 100 of the 1,000 crosswalk buttons actually function.Crosswalk signals were generally installed before traffic jam had reached todays levels. 3 But while their function was taken over by more advan
12、ced systemssuch as automated lights or traffic sensorsthe physical buttons were often kept，rather than being replaced at further expense.Other cities，such as Boston，Dallas and Seattle， have gone through a similar process，leaving them with their own placebo pedestrian buttons.In London，which has 6,00
13、0 traffic signals，pressing the pedestrian button results in a reliable “Wait” light.But that doesnt necessarily mean that the “green man”or “pedestrian stage” in traffic signal design professionwill appear any sooner. “We do have some crossings where the green light comes on automatically，but we sti
14、ll ask people to press the button because that enables accessible features，”said Glynn Barton，director of network management at Transport for London. These features， such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals， help people with visual disorder cross the road and only function when the button i
15、s pressed.As for the lights，a growing number of them are now combined and become a part of an electronic system that detects traffic and adjusts time frequency accordingly (giving priority to buses if theyre running late，for example)，which means that pressing the button has no effect. According to L
16、anger，a Harvard psychologist，placebo buttons give us the illusion (错觉)of controland something to do in situations where the alternative would be doing nothing.In the case of pedestrian crossings，they may even make us safer by forcing us to pay attention to our surroundings.“They serve a psychologica
17、l purpose at the very least，” she added. 【语篇解读】 人行道上的“行人”按钮以及电梯里的“关门”按钮，你怀 疑过它们的效果吗？本文说明了这些被称为“安慰剂按钮”存在的原因。 5Why are the physical buttons still kept in some cities? ABecause it may cost money to replace them. BBecause they remain as memories of a city. CBecause do have real functions in traffic. DBe
18、cause they can result in reliable lights. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the physical buttons were often kept， 4 rather than being replaced at further expense”可知， 这些按钮没有替换掉是因为换 掉它们花费的成本更多。故选 A。 6Which of the following word can replace the underline word “features” in Paragraph 4? AFunctions. BUses. CEquipment. DFa
19、cilities. D 词义猜测题。根据第五段中“These features，such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals，help people with visual disorder cross the road and only function when the button is pressed.(这些设施，如盲道和可听到的交通信号，帮助 有视觉障碍的人过马路，只有按下按钮才能发挥作用。)”可推知，第四段中划 线词的意思是“设施”。故选 D。 7If you pressed a “placebo button” in Lond
20、on，what would happen? AAll traffic would be affected. BSome kind of sound might appear. CPedestrians came first to cross the road. D“Green man” were bound to show up earlier. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In London，which has 6,000 traffic signals， pressing the pedestrian button results in a reliable “Wait” light.B
21、ut that doesnt necessarily mean that the “green man”or “pedestrian stage” in traffic signal design professionwill appear any sooner.”可知，如果你在伦敦按下“安慰剂按 钮”，可能会出现某种声音。故选 B。 8What can we know about “placebo buttons” from Langers words? AThey can really control traffic. BThey serve little functions. CThey
22、 may work mentally. DThey can help the blind. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“According to Langer，a Harvard psychologist， placebo buttons give us the illusion (错觉)of controland something to do in situations where the alternative would be doing nothing.”可知从 Langer 的话 中，我们可知“placebo buttons”给我们被控制的错觉，因此推断它对我们的心 5 理可能
23、造成影响。故选 C。 .概要写作 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Every summer，hundreds of thousands of students travel to other countries looking for work and adventure.Most of the opportunities are in seasonal work， mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.The pay is usually poor，but most people work abroad for
24、the thrill of travel.You can pick grapes in France，work on a family campsite， entertain kids on American summer camps， and of course， there are always jobs in hotels and restaurants. But it is not as easy as it used to be to find work.“Unless you speak the language of the country，there will be very
25、few openings.” says Anthea Ellis，an adviser on vacation work for students.“If you work as a nanny with a family in Italy，then of course youll have to speak Italian.When you arrive to wash dishes in a restaurant in Paris，the owner will expect you to speak French.” Not everyone enjoys the experience.S
26、arah James was an assistant responsible for a summer camp group of forty America children in Europe.One child lost his passport； another became seriously ill and was flown home； four children were lost in Madrid for a whole day； the whole group was thrown out of one hotel because of the noise they m
27、ade.“I did visit a lot of new places，” she says，“but it wasnt worth it.The pay was awful and really was a 24- hour- a- day job.The kids never slept！” “The trouble is，students expect to have an easy time of it，” Anthea Ellis points out.“After all，they see it as a holiday.In practice，though，you have t
28、o work hard.At the same time，all vacation work is casual work.Youll have a job when the hotel， the restaurant， or the campsite is busy and you have few employment rights.As soon as the holiday season finished， theyll get rid of you.If you dont work hard， or if your employer doesnt like you，youll get
29、 fired.” 6 【参考范文】 Many students seek vacation work abroad every summer for the excitement of travel while working.(要点 1) However，language is sometimes a barrier when you seek jobs overseas.(要点 2)Meanwhile，some students dont think it worthwhile，like Sarah， who was very disappointed at her experience because of tiring heavy work and low pay.(要点 3) Worse still，vacation work is informal and temporary，meaning that you can be easily out of work.(要点 4)
