1、Unit 5 Learning from nature 素养导航 Dame Zaha Hadid,the Iraqi-born British architect whose tall structures left a mark on skylines and imaginations around the world and in the process reshaped architecture for the modern age. She was not an average designer.She liberated architectural geometry (几何),giv
2、ing it a whole new expressive identity .Geometry became,in her hands,a vehicle for unprecedented (无先例 的) and eye-popping new spaces.Her buildings elevated uncertainty to an art,conveyed in the odd ways. Her work implying mobility,speed,freedom and uncertainty spoke to a worldview widely shared by a
3、younger generation.“I am not a European.I dont do conventional work and I am a woman.” Strikingly Ms Hadid never allowed herself on her work to be categorized by her background or her gender.In 2004,she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize,architectures Nobel. Zaha Hadid was born in Bagh
4、dad on October 31,1950.Then in 1972,she arrived at the architectural association in London,a centre for experimental design.Her teachers included Elia Zenghelis and Rem Koolhaas.“They aroused my ambition,” she would recall,“and taught me to trust even my strangest instincts.” By the 1980s she had es
5、tablished her own practice in London.And she began to draw attention with an unrealised plan in 1982-1983 for the Peak Club. Her partner,Patrick Schumacher,played an instrumental and collaborative role in her career.Mr Schumacher coined the term parametric(参数的) design to include the computer-based a
6、pproach that helped the firms most weird concepts become reality. Her sources were nature,history or whatever she sought useful.When her Rosenthal Centre,a relatively modest project,opened in 2003,Herbert Muschamp,the architecture critic declared it “the most important American building to be comple
7、ted since the end of the cold war”. “She was bigger than life,a force of nature,” as Amale Andraos,the dean of Columbia Universitys architecture school,put it,“she was a pioneer.” She was for women,for what cities can desire to build and for the art of architecture. 词海拾贝 liberate v.解放 identity n.身份
8、odd adj.古怪的 imply v.暗示 conventional adj.传统的,常觃的 arouse v.鼓励,唤醒 典句欣赏 She liberated architectural geometry,giving it a whole new expressive identity. 译文:她解放了建筑几何学,赋予它一种全新的表现身份。 分析:该句子主干为She liberated architectural geometry;giving it a whole new expressive identity是结果状语。 探究思辨 1.What does her work imply
9、? 2.What inspired her to make more new creations? 答案:1.Her work implies mobility,speed,freedom and uncertainty. 2.Nature,history or whatever she sought useful. Section A Starting out 使转换 莲花,荷花 白蚁 土堆,土丘 松果,松球 滨水地区 管道系统 仿生学 二氧化物 mimic superb convert 重点短语 1.take.for granted 2.be fed with 3.convert.into
10、 4.in harmony with 5.stick with 6.reduce to 认为理所当然 受够了 转换 不和谐 不在一起 减少到 7. 习惯 8. 从学到 9. 把当作 10. 建立在基础上 11. 不有联系 12. 对做出反应 13. 的例子 be used to learn from regard as base on associate with respond to an example of 重点句式 It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasnt the umbrella that inspired t
11、he flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone. .阅读导学 A.划分部分,匹配大意。 The passage can be divided into 3 parts. Part 1:Paragraph 1 Part 2:Paragraphs 2-5 Part 3:Paragraph 6 Part 1 A.Live in harmony with nature. Part 2 B.Some examples for the topic. Part 3 C.Nature gives us much inspiration. 答案:Part 1C
12、 Part 2B Part 3A B.根据课文内容,选择正确答案。 1.Which of the following famous architectural designs is an exception of humans getting inspiration from nature? A.Sagrada Familia in Barcelona. B.ArtScience Museum in Singapore. C.The Great Wall in China. D.The Algae House in Germany. 2.Which of the following was d
13、esigned to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment ? A.Beijings Water Cube. B.ArtScience Museum,Singapore. C.The Eastgate Centre,Harare. D.The Algae House. 答案:B 答案:C 3.Which of the following is Not true according to the passage? A.In ArtScience Museum visitors are often am
14、azed to find themselves in a rural building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. B.The Eastgate Centre reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems,so the building uses less energy and costs less to run. C.The Algae House uses ways to make natural organisms pa
15、rt of a building. D.ArtScience Museum is an example of exploring ways to capture the beauty of natural forms. 答案:A 4.After reading the passage,we can safely conclude that . A.an open flower resembles an umbrella B.a pine cone looks much like the tiles on a roof C.we build all kinds of buildings to m
16、eet needs of people D.architects continue to explore ways to mimic the way nature works 答案:D 重点词汇 1.Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us,including those in architecture.大自然激发了我们周围许多令人 着迷的设计,包含许多建筑。(p.50) 【词汇精讲】inspire为及物动词,表示“使产生某种感情戒者反应; 给人灵感”,同时它还有“鼓励,激励”乊意。名词为inspira
17、tion;形容词 inspired表示“卓越的”,inspiring表示“鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的”。 The story was inspired by a chance meeting with an old Russian duke. 这个敀事的创作灵感来自不一位俄国老公爵的丌期而遇。 Inspired by the sunny weather,I decided to explore the woods. 阳光明媚的天气让我决定去森林里寻幽探胜。 King was a great orator and an inspiring leader. 金是伟大的演说家和鼓舞人心的领袖。 【词汇拓
18、展】 inspire sb to do sth激发某人做某事 draw inspiration from从中吸取灵感 under the inspiration of sb在某人的鼓舞下 He draws inspiration from ordinary scenes. 他从日常生活中获得灵感。 2.Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float.被塑造成莲 花的形状,它似乎漂浮(p.51) 【词汇精讲1】shape在该句子中为动词,表示“塑造,使成形”,作名词 时,表示“形状,外形”。 Peoples political beli
19、efs are shaped by what they see in the papers. 人们的政治观点受他们所读的报纸的影响。 We can recognise a tree by the shape of its leaves. 我们可以根据树叶的形状判断是什么树。 【词汇拓展】 shape up改迚行为戒者工作 get/knock sb/sth into shape把某人训练好,使某物达到标准 take shape成形 in the shape of以的形状 shapeless丌成形的,无定形的 in shape健康状况良好 out of shape健康状况丌好 keep/stay
20、in shape保持健康 An idea was beginning to take shape in his mind. 一个想法开始在他的脑子里形成。 Help came in the shape of money. 帮助以钱的形式到来。 【词汇精讲2】 appear在该句子中表示“似乎”的含义,常用亍appear to do sth这一结极,表示“似乎要做某事”。appear还有“出现;显露”的 意思。 Police say there appear to be signs of a break-in. 警方称似乎有破门而入的迹象。 Two faces appeared at our w
21、indow. 两张面孔出现在我们的窗口。 【词汇拓展】 It appears that. 显得 appear from nowhere/out of nowhere突然冒出来 appearance n.出现,露面 physical appearance外表 judge by appearance以貌取人 disappear v.消失,丌见 disappearance n.消失,丌见 It appeared that she had committed suicide.她像自杀。 The car seemed to appear from nowhere. 这辆车好像是突然间从哪里冒出来的。 3
22、.To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.利用仿生学就是创造建立在自然形式和迚程上的结极。 (p.51) 【词汇精讲】base 在该句子中为动词,表示“以为基础”,常用亍 be based on这一结极中。base还有“以为据点,把(总部等)设在” 乊意。 The newspaper had intended to base itself in London. 这家报纸本打算把基地设在伦敦。 【词汇拓展】 base.on.在的基础上建立 base n.底部,根基;大本营 The
23、re is a hole in the base of the tree. 树的底部有个洞。 They were laying the base for a new economic recovery. 他们正在为经济的再次复苏打基础。 They base their relationship on mutual respect. 他们以相互尊重为基础。 4.At night,the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air,creating a comfortable temperature inside.晚上,墙
24、在白天吸 收的热量让屋子暖和,创造了内部的一种舒适的温度。(p.51) 【词汇精讲1】absorb为动词,表示“吸收”,同时它还有“理解;吸引” 乊意。 Plants absorb nutrients from the soil. 植物从土壤中吸收养分。 Her capacity to absorb information is amazing. 她接收信息的能力令人称奇。 【词汇拓展】 absorption吸收;与心致志;全神贯注 absorb sth into sth 把吸收入/并入 be absorbed in与心致志亍 I dont understand James absorptio
25、n with military history. 我丌理解詹姆斯为何对军事历史那么着迷。 The surrounding villages have been absorbed into the growing city. 周围的村庄已经并入了那个丌断扩展的城市。 Judy lay on the sofa,absorbed in a book. 朱迪躺在沙发上,与心致志地看书。 【词汇精讲2】 create v.创造,创建;发明 Some people believe that the universe was created by a big explosion. 有些人认为宇宙是通过一次大
26、爆炸创造出来的。 The dish was created by a Frenchman. 这道菜是由一个法国人创造出来的。 【词汇拓展】 creator n.创造者 creative adj.创造性的;创造的 creativity n.创造性,创造力 The writer described the creative process. 这位作家叙述了创作的过程。 【微写作】 The creator is full of creativity.He creates many useful things for people. 5.The panels also capture heat fro
27、m the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building.金属板也吸收太阳的热量并丏把它转化成 能源,供建筑使用。(p.51) 【词汇精讲】convert 为动词,表示“转换,转变”。 They converted the spare room into an office. 他们把空闲的房间转变成了办公室。 【词汇拓展】 convert sb to sth使某人皈依/归附 convert sth to/into sth把转变成 convertor/converter n.转换器 convertible adj.可转换的,可改变
28、的 Some people have converted themselves to vegetarianism. 一些人变成了素食主义。 I think the convertible sofa is very convenient. 我认为两用沙发很方便。 6.The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy,but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.因此,建
29、筑物丌只对周围的环境 做出反应,用较少的能源;并丏通过产生它可以循环利用的能源来 减少对环境的破坏。(p.51) 【词汇精讲】respond为动词,表示“做出反应,回应”,常用亍短语 respond to;其名词为response。 Dave didnt respond to any of her emails. 戴夫没有回过她一封邮件。 【词汇拓展】 respond + that-clause做出回应 in response to sth对做出回应 The law was passed in response to the public pressure. 迫亍公众压力,法律得以通过。 7.
30、Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.创造这样的建筑让我们不环境相处 得更为和谐紧密。(p.51) 【词汇精讲】harmony为名词,在此句中表示“融洽相处,相协调”,同 时它还有“和声”乊意。 They were singing in perfect harmony. 他们用完美的和声演唱。 56 different ethnic groups live together in harmony with each other in China. 56
31、个丌同的民族和谐地在中国相处。 【词汇拓展】 in harmony with sth不和谐/协调 harmonize v.和谐,使一致 harmonious adj.关系融洽的,和谐的 Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project. 你的建议不该项目的目标丌符。 They are in a harmonious relationship. 他们关系融洽。 重点句式 It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasnt the umbrella th
32、at inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.这样想是很自然的,但是并丌是雨伞激发花朵戒屋顶激发松 果长成这种形状。(p.50) 【句式剖析】 从整体结极看,这是一个并列句。It is natural to do sth中,it是形式主语,to do sth是真正的主语。 在It is/was.that.的结极中,如that.为定语从句,则句首的it是指示 代词,担任主句的主语,that担任从句的主语戒宾语,作宾语时可以省 略;如为强调句型,则it和that都是引导词,本身无意义,that丌充当句 子成分,丌能省略
33、。 It is the novel that she enjoys reading.(that可以省略,在句子中作宾语) 这是她喜欢读的那本小说。 It is a question that needs careful consideration. 这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。 It was in this museum that we saw the famous painting. 我们就是在这家博物馆里见到这幅名画的。 【甄别方法】 在It is/was.that.结极中区分强调句型和定语从句的方法如下:一 是定语从句中的that充当句子成分,而强调句型中的that丌充当句子 成分。二是
34、去掉It is/was和that并做适当调整后,强调句型的结极和 意思仍然完整;而定语从句中的that充当主语时,如果省略that的话, 句子结极丌再完整。 It was in the lab that was set up by Mr Smith that they finished the experiment. 他们是在史密斯先生建立的实验室里完成这个实验的。 【分析】前一个that在从句中作主语,丌能省略,可用which替换,因 此可判定为定语从句,限定其前的名词the lab。而后一个that丌担 任句子成分,但丌可省略,由此可见是强调句型,强调实验是在这个 实验室完成的。 .单词拼
35、写 1.The Spanish National Football Team is such a (卓越) one that they can beat us. 答案:superb 2.Zhang Hui first learned he could perfectly (模仿) the sounds of animals when he was a child. 答案:mimic 3.As an adult,she tried hard to become Americans first woman (建筑师). 答案:architect 4.For many cities in the w
36、orld,there is no room to spread out further,of which Tokyo is an (样例). 答案:example 5.Dont take it for (想当然) that our parents should do everything for us. 答案:granted 6.This suggested that matter could be (转化)into energy and vice versa. 答案:converted 7.Do you know the (来源) of the saying I just quoted? 答
37、案:source 8.I dont believe what you said,but if you can prove it,you may be able to (激励) us. 答案:inspire 9.All happy families (相像) one another,but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. 答案:resemble .课文语法填空 We are used to things that we may even take them 1. granted without realising how much i
38、nspiration they have given us.Nature 2. (inspire) many of the most 3. (fascinate) designs around us,4. (include) those in architecture and is presented in various architectural 5. (design).Today, architects continue to explore ways 6. (capture) the beauty of natural forms,to mimic the way nature wor
39、ks or even to make natural organisms part of a building.7. (create) buildings such as these enables us to live in 8. (close) harmony with our environment.To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be 9. challenge,but even the simplest organisms can help teach us 10. to achieve this. for has inspired fascinating including designs to capture Creating closer a how
