1、第一部分 解题技法总论 命题专家说考情 能力考查要求能力考查要求 1记叙文的阅读理解能力 (1)浅层的信息定位能力：when, where, who, what, why, how等 (2)深层的文本分析能力 理清故事的发展线索 明确文本的主要矛盾 关注故事的语言风格 2由读到写的思维能力 (1)细读两段续写的开头语，理顺续写段落的逻辑关系； (2)围绕划定的10个关键词，合理续写故事情节。 3记叙文的书面表达能力 (1)语言的丰富：词汇、句式、语法的多样性；情感表达的多 样性；词汇使用的丰富性。 (2)语篇的连贯性：内容连贯(故事大意一致，写作意图一 致)；语句连贯(衔接词的准确使用)；语言
2、连贯(语言风格一致)。 读后续写评分标准读后续写评分标准 一、评分原则 1本题总分为25分，按七个档次进行评分。 2评分时，应主要从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考 虑，具体为： (1)续写内容的质量、完整性以及与原文情境的融洽度。 (2)所使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。 (3)上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。 3评分时，应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次，然 后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。 4评分时还应注意： (1)词数少于120的，酌情扣分； (2)书写较差以致影响交际的，酌情扣分； (3)单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视 其对交际
3、的影响程度予以考虑，英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接 受。 二、各档次的给分范围和要求 档次 描述 第七档(22 25分) 创造了新颖、丰富、合理的内容，富有逻辑 性，续写完整，与原文情境融洽度高； 使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达流 畅，语言错误很少，且完全不影响理解； 自然有效地使用了段落间、语句间衔接手段， 全文结构清晰，前后呼应，意义连贯。 第六档(18 21分) 创造了比较丰富、合理的内容，比较有逻辑 性，续写比较完整，与原文情境融洽度较高； 使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表 达比较流畅，有个别错误，但不影响理解； 比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构 比较清晰，意义比较
4、连贯。 第五档(15 17分) 创造了基本合理的内容，有一定的逻辑性，续 写基本完整，与原文情境相关； 使用了比较恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达方式 不够多样性，表达有些许错误，但基本不影响理 解； 使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰， 意义比较连贯。 第四档(11 14分) 创造了基本完整的故事内容，但有的情节不够 合理或逻辑性不强，与原文情境基本相关； 使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有部分语言错 误和不恰当之处，个别部分影响理解； 尚有语句衔接的意识，全文结构基本清晰，意 义基本连贯。 第三档(6 10分) 内容和逻辑上有一些重大问题，续写不够完 整，与原文有一定程度脱节； 所用的词汇有限，
5、语法结构单调，错误较多且 比较低级，影响理解； 未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不 够清晰，意义欠连贯。 第二档(1 5分) 内容和逻辑上有较多重大问题，或有部分内容 抄自原文，续写不完整，与原文情境基本脱节； 所使用的词汇非常有限，语法结构单调，错误 极多，严重影响理解； 几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不清 晰，意义不连贯。 第一档(0 分) 未作答；所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法评 判；所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求完全不相 关。 考生失分原因考生失分原因 1.词数不够，情节过于肤浅，描写不详细，人物对话不到 位。 2续写内容与文章主旨不符合，故事情节与上文不连贯，没 有充分
6、考虑到所给的段落提示句对续写故事的发展的提示、衔 接、引导和一定程度地限制作用。有的甚至瞎编乱造，不顾及上 文各情节之间的逻辑关系。 3语言基本功欠缺，语法结构错误，词汇贫乏，人称混乱， 时态混用。 4表达内容不丰富，语言能力不强，缺乏可读性。 5书写不规范，字迹不工整，难识别。 阅卷人支招 一、熟读原文，合理续写 培养由读到写的思维能力，所写的内容要和原文在观点、逻 辑、结构、用词等方面保持一致。因此，读懂原文很关键。阅读 时要具备下面的两个能力： 1浅层的信息定位能力：知道what, when, where, who, why, how等。 2深层的文本分析能力：理清故事的发展线索；明确文
7、本的 主要矛盾；关注故事的语言风格。只有读懂文章具备了这些能 力，才能写出合理的续写。 二、关注4个衔接，逻辑顺畅 1关注段落内部句与句之间的衔接； 2关注与续写段落首句之间的衔接； 3关注两个续写段落之间的衔接； 4关注上下文之间的前后呼应。 三、牢记6个高分标准 1故事要围绕主要人物展开。 2详细刻画人物角色及其情感。 3有效使用连接成分，结构紧凑。 4运用丰富的词汇、语法结构和修辞使描写生动。 5第一段和第二段的内容衔接自然，逻辑合理通顺。 6续写内容与所给短文融洽度高，语言风格保持一致，思想 积极向上。 四、增分的3个手段 1增加细节 环境描写 肖像描写 动作描写 语言描写 心理描写
8、2营造冲突 人物和人物之间的冲突 人物和环境之间的冲突 3升格语言 非谓语动词 with复合结构 双形容词作状语 特殊句式 虚拟语气 常用修辞 五、避免两个雷区 1情节设计要符合生活实际和文章逻辑，避免太过离奇。 2叙述力求精炼、生动、连贯，对话不要太多，书面化的长 句不宜太多。 五步写作法流程： 写作步骤 Step 1浏览所给信息，确定大意主题落点 Step 2梳理已知段落，确定主要情节重点 Step 3借助段落开头，确定续写内容突破点 Step 4刻画细节冲突，优美连贯表达亮点 Step 5做到首尾呼应，结构完整合理基本点 典例 2020 新高考卷The Meredith family l
9、ived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges. Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of ti
10、me visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them. One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could no
11、t go out to work, and their little boy. The little boyhis name was Bernardhad interested her very much. “I wish you could see him，” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I dont see what he can do.” After the
12、ir mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money，” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.” “So do I，” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.” For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet
13、and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish (完成)” The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. “I tell you what we can do，” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make
14、popcorn (爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.” 注意： 1续写词数应为150左右； 2请按如下格式作答。 When Mrs. Meredith heard of Johns idea, she thought it was a good one, too._ _ _ _ _ _ With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business._ _ _ _ 第一步：浏览所给信息，
15、确定大意主题 who Mrs. Meredith；John, Harry, and Clara；Bernard; what The Meredith family helped Bernard earn money. where a small community when As the economy was in decline why Bernards father was sick. 文章大意 Mrs. Meredith and her three children found a good way to help poor Bernard earn money. 表达主题 Love
16、and Kindness 第二步：梳理已知段落，确定主要情节 关注两条主线：1.plot(明线)即谁做了什么，为什么，可以 从文中获取。 plot 发展：Meredith一家人乐于助人，而Bernard一家人需要 帮助，而两家人产生交集，交汇点则是孩子们的互动：即 Meredith家的三个孩子积极思考，想出了帮助Bernard挣钱的方法 卖爆米花。 2feelings(暗线)即谁感觉如何，需要进行合理的推测。 第三步：借助段落开头，确定续写内容 Para.1 When Mrs. Meredith heard of Johns idea, she thought it was a good on
17、e, too. (切入点) Mrs. Meredith赞同约翰的“好主意” 1What did Mrs. Meredith encourage her children after she heard the good idea? 2How did the children and Bernard do exactly？ With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. (切入点)一切准备好之后，结果会如何呢？ 研读 续写 段落 的开 头语 Para.2 1.How did poor Bernard sell the
18、 popcorn? 2Did poor Bernard earn money in the end？ Para.1 约翰和其他孩子们是具体如何做的。 续写 内容 Para.2 Bernard如何具体去卖爆米花的。 第四步：刻画细节冲突，优美连贯表达 描绘孩子们忙于做爆米花的细节；Bernard卖光爆米花的开心 愉悦的心情描写。情节描述合情合理，衔接自然，生动有趣。 第五步：做到首尾呼应，结构完整合理 文章开头点明主意很好，结尾应围绕着约翰的“好主意”展 开，因此结尾“All of this was because of Johns bright idea.”做到 首尾呼应，情节合理，描述得当。
19、 _ _ _ _ 【佳作展台】 When Mrs. Meredith heard of Johns idea, she thought it was a good one, too. Smiling, she said, “You may send it to him every Saturday morning, if you are willing to make popcorn for him yourselves. John, will you agree to be responsible for the work？” “Absolutely！” replied John, exci
20、tement shining in his eyes. Immediately, the children were busy making popcorn while their mother went out to invite Bernard. When coming back, she brought Bernard with her who had been told everything. Seeing the popcorn arranged in the basket, he was moved to tears. With everything ready, Bernard
21、started out on his new business. Everything went amazingly! Soon he returned with an empty basket. Never had he earned so much money before in his life. Finding it was all to be his, he was so delighted that he could hardly speak, but his face lit up. People began to watch for the “little popcorn boy”， and every week he had at least fifty cents to take home. All this was due to Johns bright idea, and the way he carried it out. He became a little hero in the community.
