1、攻略3 隐含推断 直击敏感点 近3年全国卷考情分析 全国卷推理判断题题量统计 命题专家有话说 高考状元传经验 年份 卷别 2020 2019 2018 新课标 山东卷 4 全国卷 5 4 5 全国卷 3 5 3 全国卷 4 1 4 推理判断题若考查的内容 为文章中的某个细节，可 采用“同义互释”的解题 方法；若考查的内容是人 物所持的观点态度或对人 物的评价时，可采用“去 伪存真”的解题方法；若 考查作者的写作意图或预 测事件的结局时，可采用 “反推一步”的解题方 法。通过研究近三年高考 全国卷可知推理判断题数 量呈上升趋势，务必重 视。 关注内在关系 阅读时 需要理解文章真正含义， 切忌望文
2、生义。 关注文章出处 充分考 虑文章的出处，会带来意 外的收获。 关注情感态度 作者一 般通过文章所提供的客观 事实或在字里行间的修饰 性词汇中透露出某种想 法。 关注背景常识 结合有 关英语国家的文化传统、 风俗习惯等背景知识。 技法1 推断隐含意义逻辑分析得结论 知答题方略 明命题方式 一“抓”一“整”找“依据”，巧做推 断隐含题 1抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理： 要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即 用某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判 断，利用逆向思维或正面推理。 2整合全文(段)信息进行推断：有时需 要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与 题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理 判断，确定
3、最佳结论。 3以事实为依据：推断一定要以文章所 提供的事实为依据，不能凭空想象，这 样才能做出合理的推断。 推断隐含意义类型的命题方式 常常以下列形式呈现： It can be inferred/concluded from the text that_. The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that _. What can we infer about.? Which of the following statements does the passage support? What does the.paragraph imply？ 典
4、例 2020 全国卷CThen theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says，“To give people a guilt- free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a
5、while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco- friendly. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan? AIts formal. BIts risky. CIts harmful.
6、 DIts traditional. 破题关键点 第一步 审读题目找出题干关键词：_ 第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息： _ _ _ 第三步 仔细对比选项：Morgan觉得在纽约，给予人们一种 没有负罪感的选择，他们可以穿海狸鼠皮做的衣服而不被人泼颜 料我认为是一件大事， 由此可推断出穿皮草具有风险性。 自主解答：_ infer about wearing fur “To give people a guilt- free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to
7、 be a massive thing, at least here in New York.”可知。 B 技法2 写作意图类文体特点看意图 知答题方略 明命题方式 写作意图通常有以下三种： 1to entertain readers/to tell an experience常见于记叙文、个人经历 或故事类的文章。 2to persuade readers/to sell a product or a service/to attract readers or visitors常见于广告。 3to inform readers/to report/to tell/to describe多见于
8、科普类、 新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类 的文章，以及劝告类或建议性的文 章。 写作意图类命题方式常常以下列 形式呈现： What is the main purpose of the text? What is the authors purpose in writing the text? What is the purpose/intention of the author in writing this passage? For what purpose did the author write the passage? The writer writes this passage i
9、n order to. 典例 2020 新高考卷CIn the mid- 1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the
10、 Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book，Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is
11、 the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24- year- old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. This is a quick look at life i
12、n Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a
13、strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea. Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well- rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgm
14、ent and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. What is the purpose of
15、this text? ATo introduce a book. BTo explain a cultural phenomenon. CTo remember a writer. DTo recommend a travel destination. 破题关键点 第一步 审读题目找出题干关键词：_ 第二步 迅速读懂原文理清文章脉络： _ _ _ 第三步 仔细对比选项：全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是 向读者推荐这本书。 自主解答：_ the purpose of this text 文章开头引出汤姆 比塞尔写书的背景，从第二段到最后一段 分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价。 A
16、技法3 观点态度类利用语境的褒贬定态度 知答题方略 明命题方式 1.正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可 用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。 2留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态 度或观点的词语或句子。 3牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语： (1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的； supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；enthusiastic热 情的；pleasant愉快的。 (2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的； objective客观的；neutral中立的；not mentioned未提 及的。 (3)表示反对或否定：
17、critical批评的；negative否定 的，消极的； skeptical怀疑的； disapproving不赞 成的。 观点态度类类型的命题方 式常常以下列形式呈现： How does the author feel about.? What does the author think of.? What is the authors attitude towards/to.? How does the author sound in. paragraph? The author thinks. is _. The authors attitude towards. can be des
18、cribed as _. 典例 2020 全国卷C“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother- in- law.” And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would
19、 I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.” What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother- in- law? APositive. BCarefree. CTolerant. DUnwilling. 破题关键点 第一步 审读题目找出题干关键词： _ _ 第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息： _ _ _ _ 第三步 仔细对比选项：尼克对于与岳母住在一起持积极的 态度。 自主解答：_ Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his
20、 mother- in- law “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would. ” A 技法4 文章出处类根据文章体裁和内容推出处 知答题方略 明命题方式 文章出处题主要考查考生能否根据文章 主题、内容特点、文体特征、语言风格 等判断出所读文章的具体出处。如： 文章出处类类型的命题方式 常常以下列形式呈现： From which is the text probably taken？ In which of the following would
21、this passage most likely be found？ The passage is probably taken out of _？ Where would the passage most probably appear？ 若所读材料具有较强的时效 性 则可能出自新闻报道 若所读材料涉及工作要求、 工资待遇、联系电话等 则可能出自招聘广告 若所读材料推销介绍新产 品，且格式特殊 则可能是产品广告 若所读材料轻松、休闲、普 及各科知识 则可能出自旅游杂 志、休闲杂志等 若文章中出现网址或与其相 关的词汇表达，如click 则可能出自网站 典例 2019 全国卷CAs data
22、and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for biometric (生物测 量) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e- spaces.At present，these technologies are still expensive，though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low- cost de
23、vice (装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time betwe
24、en key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right. Where is this text most likely from? AA diary. BA gui
25、debook. CA novel. DA magazine. 破题关键点 第一步 确定题干中的关键信息：_ 第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息： _ _ _ _ 第三步 进行合理推断得出答案： _ 自主解答：_ this text most likely from 根据本文的话题 “智能键盘 ” 以及第二段中的 “Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low- cost device. ”，尤其是其中的关键词 researchers, low- cost device 等 来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道。
26、科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。 D 考场练兵 检验考试能力 A 2020 成都市毕业班第二次诊断检测People often ask how I decide where to go, and I usually get hesitated with my response, as I dont actually have an answer to that. For more than three years, I have been making movements with the universe, traveling from one location to another at
27、seemingly random intervals. A friend of mine posted a message online asking if anybody was interested in a job teaching English in China. So I jumped on a coming plane. Walking into my first class, I was bombed by 16 strange children who couldnt understand a single word out of my mouth. When I walke
28、d out of my last class, six months later, I had made a personal connection with them. Some of my students could barely speak Chinese or English. But somehow，through determination and force, we were connected. Every class was not only a lesson in English, but in good fellowship, being a role model, b
29、eing a parent, and being a friend. I became a father to some, an older brother to others.I was loved and adored, feared and hated. I had to learn discipline, and not only how to deal it out, but how to discipline and conduct myself as a role model. But in between the discipline, I had to make learni
30、ng a fun experience. And they forgave me when I yelled or got upset. And when they lost their tempers or bruised their knees or missed their mommies, I forgave them, kissed their bruises better, and gave them a shoulder to cry on. Teaching English in China is, by far, the most emotionally rewarding
31、and fulfilling thing Ive ever challenged myself to do. I have walked away from this job with a softened heart, knowing that I have made a difference in so many lives. I want that. I want my teaching to be reciprocal because they taught me how to unconditionally open my heart and how to be a more lov
32、ing and patient person. 1What can we learn about the writer before he came to China? AHe didnt have a fixed job. BHe was a professional writer. CHe worked in a travel agency. DHe taught in a language school. 答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“For more than three years, I have been.seemingly random intervals”可以推
33、 断，作者在来中国之前并没有稳定的工作，故A项正确。 2What was the situation like when the author met his students for the first time? AHard. BExciting. CTouching. DInspiring. 答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Walking into my first class，I was bombed by 16 strange children who couldnt understand a single word out of my mouth”可推知，作者第一次见
34、 到学生时，情况是艰难的，故选A。touching意为“动人的，令人 同情的”；inspiring意为“鼓舞人心的”。 3What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 3? AHe was casual and patient. BHe was responsible but sensitive. CHe was cautious but bad- tempered. DHe was self- reflective and considerate. 答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“I had to learn discipl
35、ine，and not only how to deal it out，but how to discipline and conduct myself as a role model”可推知，作者善于自我反思， 并结合“I forgave them，kissed their bruises better, and gave them a shoulder to cry on”可推知，作者是体贴的，故选D。 4What does the underlined word “reciprocal” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? ABeneficial. BI
36、nteracted. CEncouraging. DAcceptable. 答案与解析：B 考查词义猜测。本句是一个主从复合句，根 据原因状语从句“because they taught me how to unconditionally open my heart and how to be a more loving and patient person”可 知，因为作者的学生教会了他如何无条件地敞开心扉，如何成为 一个更有爱心、更有耐心的人，所以他希望自己从事的教学工作 是互惠的(自己和学生都有所收获)，B项的含义与画线词的含义最 为接近，故选B。 B 2020 郑州市第三次质量检测 F
37、ires sweeping across the Amazon rainforest are a hot topic as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change crisis and endanger biodiversity (生物多样性) As the largest rainforest in the world，the Amazon rainforest is often called“the lungs of the world”. It is also
38、 home to about three million species of plants and animals，and one million local people. The vast area of the rainforest plays an important role in the worlds ecosystem because it absorbs heat instead of reflecting heat back into the atmosphere. It also stores carbon dioxide and produces oxygen， ens
39、uring that less carbon dioxide is released, reducing the effects of climate change. “Any forest destroyed is a danger to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity，” Thomas Lovejoy，an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. “The great danger is that a lot of carbon
40、dioxide goes into the atmosphere，” he stressed. “In the midst of the global climate crisis，we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon rainforest must be protected，” UN Secretary General Ant nio Guterres said. Data from the National Institute for Space Resea
41、rch (INPE) show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August a year ago. A total of 71,497 forest fires were registered in the country in the first eight months of 2019，up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018，INPE said. “We estimate that the fore
42、st areas in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest have decreased by between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months，” Carlos Nobre，a researcher at the University of S a o Paulo，told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle. Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest, whose degradation (恶化) co
43、uld have severe consequences for global climate and rainfall. The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined，but the emergency has gone beyond Brazils borders. 5What is the second paragraph mainly about? AThe great role of the Amazon rainforest. BThe effects of consistent climate ch
44、ange. CThe causes of the decreasing biodiversity. DThe results of the Amazon rainforest fires. 答案与解析：A 考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“As the largest rainforest in the world，the Amazon rainforest is often calledthe lungs of the worldIt is also home to about three million species of plants and animals, and one millio
45、n local people. The vast area of the rainforest plays an important role in the worlds ecosystem”可以判断，第二段主要讲述的是亚马孙雨林的重要作 用，故A项正确。 6Why does the author mention the figures in the fourth paragraph ? ATo explain the process of the research. BTo present the bad influence of forest fires. CTo prove the gr
46、eat importance of the rainforest. DTo show the urgency of protecting the rainforest. 答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第四段的数据可知，亚 马孙雨林地区森林火灾数量激增，而森林面积则在减少，故D项 “为了说明保护亚马孙雨林的迫切性”正确。 7What does the author want to tell us in the passage? AThe dry weather leads to the rainforest fires. BThe biodiversity makes the rainforest unique. CThe rainforest fires result in serious consequence
