1、Unit 3 sports and fitness 词汇: 足球 soccer 拳击 boxing 马拉松 marathon 滑雪 ski 田径 track and field 健身 gymnastic 羽毛球 badminton 电子竞技 e-sports (electronic sports ) 重点句式 1: One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problem.最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了,而且 队长也因为心脏问题离队。 过去完成时的被动语态
2、:主语+谓语(had been done ). 过去完成时：表示先于过去某动作发生前完成的动作，即“过去的过去。形式:主语+谓语 (had done ) By the time I rushed to the airport, the plane had left. Before he started to play basketball, he had finished her homework. Exercise He asked me during the summer holiday? A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where h
3、ave I been D. where have I gone Even though she to hospital without delay, she would not have been saved. A. would rush B. were to rush C. had been rushed D. rushed 重点句式 2: When Michael Jordans feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still, stand 是个系动词。常见 的系动词是 be 动词。 表示变化的动词:get, turn, grow, bec
4、ome 等； 感言动词:sound, feel, seem, look, appear, smell, taste 等； 表示处于某种状态的动词:keep, stay, remain, lie, stand 等； 变化系动词:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run 等。 The valley lay quiet and peaceful in the sun. She seedmed emotionless, waiting for their discussion. 1 ）状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有 be 一词，例如： He is a
5、 teacher. （ is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。 ） 2）持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep, remain, stay, lie, stand,例如： He always keeps silent at meeting. This matter remains a mystery. 3 ）表像系动词：用来表示”看起来像”这一概念,主要有 seem, appear, look,例如： He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4 ）感官系动词：感官系动词主要有 feel, smell, sound, tast
6、e,例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. 5 ）变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如： He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time. 6 ） 终止系动词： 表示主语已终止动作， 主要有 prove, turn out,表达”证实”， ”变 成之意。 例如：The rumor proved false.
7、 / The search proved difficult. His plan turned out a success. （ turn out 表终止性结果） 系动词常见类型归纳: be 动词(am , is , are , was , were ) 感官动词(feel ； look , smell , sound , taste , seem ) “变得(get , become , turn , grow ) “保持” (remain , stay , keep , stand ) 重点句式 3 : The Boys and Girls Club which h started in
8、Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩倶乐部”从 1996 年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 现在完成进行时，表示过去开始并一直延续的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。 How long have you been waiting here? He has been running since 5:00 p.m., but doesnt want to stop at all. Exercise Tom and Mary for their wedding for a whole week but nothing
9、 is really done. A. have prepared B. are prepared C. have been preparing D. prepared I am sure Mike will win the 1st place in the competition. I think so. He for it for months. A. has prepared B. has been preparing C. had prepared D. prepared 重点句式 5: I tried no-fat, low-fat, 5:2, only bananas, no ba
10、nanasI almost went bananas, too.我尝试了 无脂肪，低脂肪，5:2 饮食法，只吃香蕉，不吃香蕉一也几近疯狂。 5:2 读作：five to two ,指 the 5 : 2 diet ,即“一周有五天正常饮食，两天（不连续） 以减 肥为目的的控制饮食 go bananas 是非正式用法，用来表示“发疯；疯狂”，双关语，一方面比喻作者几乎 变 成了香蕉,另一方面说明自己被节食疗法搞得几近疯狂。 重点句式 6: I want to be able to do 30 push-ups. be able to do sth.有能力做某事 I am able to spea
11、k English. push-up 是由短语动词 push up 转化而来的名词。 这种结构的名词具备名词的基本特征，如可数和不可数，单复数等类似的名词：sit.-up 仰 卧起坐,clean-up 大扫除,check-up 体检等。 遇到这些词语时，可以先猜测词义，然后查阅词 典进行核实。 The rocket lift-off is set for 4:35 p.m. Our plane is on the runway, ready for take-off. 语法： 情态动词：be able to 和 can 的区别 I can accept failures; every one
12、fails at something. But I cant accept not trying. 我可以接受失败，每个人都会失败。但是我不能接受不去尝试。 情态动词:be able to 和 can 的区别 be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力,而 can 则强调自身已 具有的能力。如： She can sing the song in English. He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too. be able to 强调一种结果，而 can 只强调一种可能。如： Luckily, he
13、was able to escape from the big fire in the end. If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him. 区分：be able to 和 can 的区别 be able to 可以有各种时态;而 can 只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。如： Can you see it there? He is / was / will be able to help you. (4) can 可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而 be able to 通常 不这样用。 Exercising alone ca
14、n be boring. 附加疑问句 Tag Questions 附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述 或判断，也可以用于祈使句,表示请求或建议。一般情况下 ,陈述部分为肯定结构时 , 简 略问句用否定结构, 即“前肯后否 ”陈;述部分为否定结构时,简略问句用肯定结构 , 即 “ 前 否后肯 ”。 1 主句陈述句 + 反意疑问句？ 陈述句用肯定，反意疑问句用否定；陈述句用否定， 反意疑问句用肯定 You are in the class, arent you? You havent got our invitation, have you? 2 特殊点
15、1） 陈述部分主语是不定代词 everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 等， 疑问部分常 用复数 they ，非正式有时也用单数 he. Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 2） 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词 everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用 it。 Everything is ready, isnt it? 3） 陈述部分是 there be 结构的
16、，疑问部分用 there 省略主语代词。 There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? There will not be any trouble, will there? 4）) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等否定含义 的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 The Swede made no answer, did he / she? Some plants never blown ( 开花), do they ? 5） 如果陈
17、述句中仅仅出现了用否定前缀表示否定的词，反意疑问句的动词仍用否定。 The news is unimportant, isnt it? It is impossible, isnt it? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 6) 陈述句的主语是 I 则反意疑问句可用 arent I 非正式也可用 am not I? 7) One 作主语，则反意疑问句的主语可用 one 非正式也可用 you 8) Lets - shall we ？/ let us - will you 9) 如果陈述句是祈使句，反意疑问句用 will you/ wont yo
18、u 肯定- will you/ wont you 否定- will you 10) SVO 结构中，宾语从句由 that 引导。 如果主语不是 I 则反意疑问句的动词和主语与主句中的动词和主语配合 如果主语是 I 动词又是主观判断性动词 think ， believe ，suppose ，imagine ，expect 等 则反意疑问句动词的选择和主语与 that 从句一致，但肯定否定与主句一致。 He said that she would go to Japan, didnt he? He thought that she was able to pass the exam, didnt
19、he? I think that she is a good teacher, isnt she? I dont believe that she tells a lie, does she? 11) Have 表示拥有；疑问部分用 have 或助动词 She has a bag, hasnt he/ doesnt he? She hasnt a bag, has he? She doesnt have a bag, does she? 注：如果陈述句中的动词 have 表示“经历，遭受，得到，吃”的意思时，则简短问句中的动 词用 do 的形式。例如： You often have heada
20、ches, dont you? 12) 含有 ought to 的反意疑问句，疑问部分用 shouldnt / oughtnt + 主语。 He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 13) 陈述部分的谓语是 used to 时，疑问部分用 didnt +主语或 usednt +主语， 有时也可以 used+主语+not 。 He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? / used he not? 14) 陈述部分有 must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定
21、。 A. must 表示“应该”，其疑问部分用 mustnt （不应该） ，如： You must work hard next term, mustnt you ? 下学期你应该努力学习，对吗？ B. must 表示“必须”，其疑问部分用 neednt （不必） ，如： They must finish the work today, needn t they 他们? 今天必须要完成这项工作，是吗？ C陈述部分含情态动词 mustnt ，表示禁止时，疑问部分就可以用 must 或 may ， 如： You mustnt stop your car here, must you? (may w
22、e?) 你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？ Dmust 表示推测，其疑问部分必须与 must 后面的主要动词相呼应。如： 可先将句子改为 I am sure that 从句，反意疑问句的形式根据 be sure that 后面的从句 的谓语动词形式确定 You must be hungry now, ? I am sure that you are hungry, arent you? You must have heard about it, ? I am sure that you have heard about it, havent you? You must have watched t
23、hat football match last night, ? I am sure that you watched that football match last night, didnt you? Exercise 1. Mary wants to be a teacher, ? 2. Don t open your book, ? 3. There s a kite over there, _? 4. Tom didn t like it, ? 5. You ve lived in Hollywood for many years, ? 6. You can find another
24、 place to live in, ? 7. You ve never been out of China before, ? 8. I dont think you can answer this question, ? 9. Let s ask our teacher for help, ? 10. 选词填空 Compete cheating master pretending events failure audience stress Sports play a very valuable role in childrens lives. Children who in a spor
25、t will learn how to deal with , because even though they work hard to the skills needed for a sport, it doesnt mean they will always win. Sports also help children see that is foolish. In sports, there is no use to fall down or be hurt, because in the end, the will see through it. Taking part in spo
26、rts is fun but not always easy, so it helps children how to deal with , something that everyone must learn to face in life. 答案： Doesnt she; do you; isnt there; did he; havent you; can you; can you; have you, can you ,shall thing,dose it ; compete ； failure ； master; cheating; pretending; audience ； events ； stress Homework
