1、初中英语语法复习之 代 词 Pronouns,代词的分类 人称代词 Personal Pronouns 物主代词 Possessive Pronouns 反身代词 Self Pronouns 不定代词 Indefinite Pronouns 指示代词 Demonstrative Pronouns 疑问代词 Interrogative Pronouns,人称代词 Personal Pronouns 数 单 数 复 数 人称 一 二 三 一 二 三 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us your them,1.人称代词作主语时
2、用主格，作宾语时用宾格 We all like Bob very much. 我们都很喜欢鲍勃。 He gave the cherries to you and me.这些樱桃是他送给你和我的。,2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格 Whos knocking at the door?谁在敲门？ Its me. 是我。 3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 “第二人称，第三人称，第一人称” You, she and I all enjoy English. 你我她都喜欢英语。,4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等 We love our motherland, we hope that sh
3、ell be stronger and bigger. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。 The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to America. 轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去美国。,5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等 What the weather like today? Its rainy. 今天的天气怎么样？ 下雨。 Its about 20 minutes walk from my home to the station. 从我家到火车站的路程大约20分钟。,6.it用作形式主语，为了使整个句子显 得平
4、稳，将不定式或动名词等构成的主语后移： Its hard to find him.很难找到他。 Its good for us taking a walk after supper. 对我们来说晚饭后散步是有好处的。 7.it用作形式宾语： I found it important to learn English.,物主代词 Possessive Pronouns 形容词性 名词性 my mine your yours his his her hers its its our ours your yours their theirs,1.形容词性物主代词: 在句子中只能作定语 My sist
5、er is a teacher. 我姐姐是位教师。 Our headmaster is very friendly. 我们的校长很友好。,2.名词性物主代词： 在句中可作表语、主语和宾语 Whose book is this? -这本书是谁的？ Its mine. -是我的。 Our room is small and theirs is big. 我们的房间小，他们的房间大。 My pen is broken, can I use yours. 我的笔坏了，我能用你的了。,3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词 注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的
6、关系是单数还是复数。 These apples arent ours. Ours are big. (our apples = ours) This is not our car. Ours is over there. (our car = ours),4.“of +名词性物主代词”表示所属 A brother of his is a worker. 他的一个兄弟是个工人。 Jane is a good friend of mine 简是我的一个好朋友,反身代词 Self Pronouns 单数： myself yourself himself herself itself 复数： ours
7、elves yourselves themselves,1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和 同位语 Jane always thinks more of others than of herself.简总是想到别人比想到自己更多一些。 That little boy was himself. 那个小男孩就是他自己。 He himself was a policeman. 他本人就是一名警察。 I myself will go there.我亲自去那儿。,2.反身代词常用搭配： enjoy oneself = have a good time by oneself = alone help o
8、neself to learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. 注意：oneself 有单复数之分 I enjoy myself. Children, help yourselves to some fish.,不定代词 Indefinite Pronouns 不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词 all, each, every, both, either, neither none, one, little, few, many, much other, another, some, any, no 由some, any, no, every 等构
9、成的合成代词,容易混淆的不定代词： 1.some/any some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中 There are some trees in front of the house. any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Do you have any problems?,注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中 How about having some coffee? 要不要喝点咖啡？ May I ask some questions? 我可以问问题吗？ Could I have some candies? 我可以吃糖果吗？ Could you please give m
10、e some money? 你能给我些钱吗？,2. many/much many 修饰或指代复数名词 There are many apples in the basket. Many of us like playing games. much 修饰或指代不可数名词 Mike doesnt know much English.,3.another/other another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 I dont want this book. Please show me another. other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 Do you have any other quest
11、ions?,4. the other/others/the others the other 1. 特指两个中的另一个 They have two sons. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor. 2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 Jim likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.,others泛指其他的人或物 He often helps others. Some are singing, others are dancing. the others 特指
12、确定范围内剩下的全部人或物 There are 45 students in our class. Twenty-five of them are girls, the others are boys.,5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词 few, little 表示否定意义, 译为“没 有几个”，“没有多少” a few, a little 表示肯定意义, 译为“有几个”，“有一点”,There are few people knowing about him here. 这里几乎没人了解他
13、。 There are a few boys in the classroom. 教室里有几个男孩。 She knows little English.她不懂英语。 There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有点牛奶。,few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a There are quite a few books in the library. 图书馆里有很多书。,6.every/each every单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用 Every child like
14、s playing football. each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用 Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice cap.,7.all / none all “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前 We are all from China. They all like English. none “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可） None of them is/are afra
15、id of dogs.,8.both/either/neither both “（两者）都”,作主语时视为复数；作定语时后跟名词复数 His parents are both teachers. =Both of his parents are teachers. neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数 Neither answer is right.,9.something / anything / nothing somebody / anybody / nobody 当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置 I have someth
16、ing important to tell you. Is there anything else in the box? Nobody can answer your question.,either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数形式 There are trees on either side of the road. = There are trees on both sides of the road.,不定代词短语及应用 both of/either of/neither of Both of them sing well.他们俩都唱得很好。
17、 Either of you goes to the movies. 你们俩随便谁去看电影都可以。 Neither of them stopped to have a rest. 他们俩谁都不停下来休息。,bothand（谓语动词用复数形式） eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则) Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two. Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。 Either my father or my mother cooks at 、 home.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家做饭。 Neither he nor I am free today
18、. 我和他今天都没空。,指示代词 Demonstrative Pronouns 表示空间和时间远近关系的代词 包括:this/that (单数) these/those (复数) 1. this, these指在方位上较近的人或物 that, those指在方位上较远的人或物 This is my cap, thats yours. These cars are made in China, those are made in America.,2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,避免 重复 These apples are bigger than those in the box.
19、3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that He was ill yesterday. Im sorry to hear that.,疑问代词 Interrogative Pronouns 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词 who whom whose what which 通常做主语、宾语、定语、表语。 What makes you sad? (做主语) Who(Whom) were you talking with? (做宾语,句中 with 不能提到句首),Which book do I need? （做定语） Whats your father? （做表语） 注意：在口语中，who和whom通用，
20、 但在介词后只能用whom With whom did he play chess? With who did he play chess?(错),Exercises,一、单项选择： ( )1. The food _ smells terrible. A. he B. itself C. himself D. herself ( )2. The dog is wagging _ tail. A. it B. its C. its D. itself ( )3. Is this your basketball, boys? No, it is not _ A. yours B. our C. m
21、ine D. ours,B,B,D,( )4._ want to play with you. A .Every student B .All the students C .All of students D. Each student ( )5. _ of my parents will like you. A. Both B. Neither C. All D. Either ( ) 6. They all have tried, but _ have succeeded. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little,B,A,B,( )7. Have you found _
