1、2021 届新高考二轮复习完形填空步步高届新高考二轮复习完形填空步步高 （2）科教科普类）科教科普类 1.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可 以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A scientist 1 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a glass bottle, 2 its cork(瓶塞)and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the
2、outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook it 3 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 4 fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5 he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanut
3、s to drop out. 6 the monkey always ignored his 7 .Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great 8 but without necessarily achieving 9 result. Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10 the scientist instructs. 11 because all its attentions was focused on the peanuts.
4、 Instead, it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly 12 its attention to the 13 movement of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and not be 14 by the impulse(诱 惑)of its appetite. Yet the monkey was not able to understand this. It is
5、 the instance like this that reveals the monkeys some psychology is just like 15 of human beings. 1.A.kept B.rose C.fed D.caught 2.A.moving B.removed C.discovered D.covered 3.A.happily B.anxiously C.hurriedly D.instantly 4.A.suddenly B.accidentally C.occasionally D.quickly 5.A.as B.that C.what D.unt
6、il 6.A.But B.When C.Therefore D.Thus 7.A.directions B.explanations C.performances D.instructions 8.A.effort B.strength C.power D.force 9.A.expecting B.interesting C.satisfying D.desired 10.A.what B.how C.why D.which 11.A.Probably B.Likely C.Simply D.Nearly 12.A.put B.send C.pay D.shift 13.A.gesture
7、B.mouth C.hand D.eye 14.A.taken away B.taken off C.taken over D.taken on 15.A.that B.the C.those D.this 2.Ryan Hickman was born into an American family. When he was three years old, Ryan Hickman visited a 1 center in California and found what he wanted to do most. Amazingly, the next day as he greet
8、ed his dad, Damion, he made a(n) 2 , “Im going to pick up all the bottles and cans from everyone in the neighborhood. Ill start a new 3 myself! Its never too 4 to start a business, though there were no other staff but himself when the company was started. Today, Ryan, aged seven, the worlds 5 garbag
9、e man, is the CEO, manager and 6 of Ryans Recycling Company. Though Ryan says he doesnt remember what made it all start, he remains 7 about what he is doing. When questioned why he did so, he said, “ Its 8 bottles get to the ocean, and then animals get sick and die.” Ryans neighbors have been 9 to t
10、he little boys knocking for their recycled goods. More and more 10 ones call to ask for a pickup or even lay down bags of bottles and cans at Hickmans door. At school, Ryans favorite activity is helping the dustmen 11 the trash and taking away the recyclable. My wife and I support him and we told hi
11、m that whenever he wants to 12 , he can, Damion said. I want to see him with friends, but the recycling just makes him delighted. He has actually 13 five of his friends to join him. According to Damion, Ryan has 14 over $11, 000 through recycling bottles and cans. Ryan says he wants to buy a large t
12、rash truck to be 15 with enough garbage and become a true garbage man. 1.A.financial B.recycling C.delivering D.industrial 2.A.bet B.announcement C.speech D.explanation 3.A.investigation B.study C.business D.campaign 4.A.old B.early C.weak D.late 5.A.cleverest B.busiest C.wealthiest D.youngest 6.A.c
13、ustomer B.employer C.trainee D.employee 7.A.enthusiastic B.energetic C.unbearable D.comfortable 8.A.why B.how C.because D.when 9.A.opposed B.supposed C.accustomed D.devoted 10.A.supportive B.instructive C.aggressive D.persuasive 11.A.desert B.separate C.circulate D.weed 12.A.start B.continue C.quit
14、D.back 13.A.persuaded B.urged C.forced D.instructed 14.A.raised B.saved C.wasted D.spent 15.A.surrounded B.entertained C.equipped D.loaded 3.阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 a、B、C 和 D 四个选项中选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项。 Ask people to name the worlds tallest peak and anybody with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. B
15、ut quiz them on its exact 1 and many will be not sure. In 1975, Chinese surveyors 2 that Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest) was 8848. 13 meters high. As 3 improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were 4 to get more exact figures. Of course, someone still had
16、to carry 5 to what is the worlds rooftop. In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they 6 the height to be 8844. 43 meters. Scaling Qomolangma is no 7 task. The average air temperature there is -29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees 8 than in Antarctica
17、. The snow there is 4 5 meters thick and hurricane-like 9 blow all the time. Team members were training to 10 the extreme conditions. In a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangmas height is a tall order, 11 huge amounts of money and human resources, But it is worth the 12 . Qomolangma is the perfect 13 f
18、or observing crustal ( 地 壳 的 )movements. And changes to the peaks height could 14 whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other. Besides, the condition of snow and other natural materials at the top is an indicator of upcoming climate change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. Thats 15
19、 measuring the Qomolangmas height is so significant. Put to good use, it can benefit mankind. 1.A.location B.appearance C.area D.height 2.A.determined B.assumed C.estimated D.admitted 3.A.condition B.technology C.society D.economy 4.A.employed B.expected C.approached D.inspired 5.A.weapons B.vehicle
20、s C.instruments D.packages 6.A.changed B.calculated C.extended D.expanded 7.A.glorious B.easy C.admirable D.tough 8.A.colder B.hotter C.higher D.lower 9.A.snows B.rains C.winds D.snowflakes 10.A.cope with B.fight for C.take on D.carry out 11.A.wasting B.spending C.overcoming D.involving 12.A.effort
21、B.loss C.harvest D.achievement 13.A.channel B.window C.solution D.entrance 14.A.measure B.foresee C.indicate D.expose 15.A.where B.how C.why D.whether 4. World Environment Day is celebrated worldwide on June fifth. The United Nations 1 this special day in 1972 to get people to think about taking car
22、e of the 2 . Public events for World Environment Day 3 from June first through June fifth. Every year World Environment Day is celebrated in a different 4 . In 2005 it was held in San Francisco, California. The main 5 of World Environment Day that year was Green Cities, Plan for the Planet. The even
23、ts and conferences showed us how to have Green Cities. Most people in the world live in cities, which makes them especially important areas of environmental 6 . Cities use more than seventy-five percentage of the worlds natural 7 such as water and gasoline. World Environment Day will 8 on how people
24、 in cities can work together to help save the planet. San Francisco held public talks to discuss pollution 9 , clean energy sources and the importance of healthy parks and gardens. Special experts were among the 10 . For example, former vice-president A1 Gore talked about climate changes. There were
25、 also 11 events such as music concerts, movies, and art shows. Local fanners and restaurant owners served food that had been 12 grown, green of course. Gavin Newsom 13 city leaders from all over the world to attend this conference and 14 ideas. The United Nations hopes to create an international 15
26、that countries and citizens will follow. 1.A. arranged B. constructed C. conducted D. established 2.A. planet B. organization C. society D. system 3.A. take apart B. hold up C. take place D. put on 4.A. city B. date C. way D. direction 5.A. content B. message C. moral D. method 6.A. reference B. con
27、cern C. development D. argument 7.A. products B. power C. resources D. materials 8.A. rely B. live C. depend D. center 9.A. disappearance B. appearance C. reduction D. increase 10.A. speakers B. debaters C. competitors D. candidates 11.A. free B. extra C. fun D. funny 12.A. naturally B. privately C.
28、 frequently D. preciously 13.A. recommended B. commanded C. suggested D. invited 14.A. suggest B. share C. contribute D. supply 15.A. agreement B. contract C. file D. comment 5. Do you know how many languages there are in the world? There are about 5,500, but many of them are not considered very 1 .
29、 English is considered one of the most important languages because many people 2 it, not only in the UK and the US, but in other countries of the world. About 375 million speak it as their own language, and another 750 million use it as a 3 language. It is 4 to say how many people are learning it. M
30、illions of boys and girls in schools are trying to do so. Many English children 5 French. French is also a very important language. Some children learn German, Chinese, Japanese and Russian, of which Chinese is getting more and more popular. Which is the best 6 to learn a language? We know that we a
31、ll learnt the 7 language well when we were 8 . If we learn a second language in the 9 way, it may not seem so difficult. What does a small child do? He 10 what people say, and he tries to guess what he hears. When he wants something, he has to 11 it. He is using the language, 12 and talking in it at
32、 all times. If people use a second language all the time, they will learn it 13 . In school, you learn to read, to write, to hear and to 14 . It is best to learn all new words through the 15 . You can read them, spell them and speak them later. 1.A. spoken B. happy C. important D. ideal 2.A. love B.
33、 use C. operate D. copy 3.A. distant B. second C. formal D. special 4.A. easy B. latest C. difficult D. best 5.A. ignore B. understand C. study D. communicate 6.A. time B. way C. thing D. place 7.A. foreign B. other C. universal D. native 8.A. learners B. children C. students D. talents 9.A. same B.
34、 different C. useful D. good 10.A. talks B. wants C. cries D. follows 11.A. turn to B. go over C. get through D. ask for 12.A. joking B. planning C. thinking D. doing 13.A. fluently B. confidently C. freely D. easily 14.A. fight B. sing C. speak D. play 15.A. mouth B. hands C. ears D. eyes 答案以及解析答案以
35、及解析 1.答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.B; 4.B; 5.A; 6.A; 7.D; 8.A; 9.D; 10.A; 11.C; 12.D; 13.C; 14.C; 15.A 2.答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.C; 4.B; 5.D; 6.D; 7.A; 8.C; 9.C; 10.A; 11.B; 12.C; 13.A; 14.B; 15.D 3.答案：1-5.DABAC; 6-10.BBDCA; 11-15.DABCC 解析：1.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但如果你问他们它的确切高度,很 多人都不会确定。A.location 位置;B.appearance 外貌;C.area 地 区;D.he
36、ight 高度。 根据下文的 1975 年以及 2005 年对珠峰高度的测量 可知,此处指的是对其高度的精确测量。故选 D。 2.考查动词词义辨析。句意:1975 年,中国测量员确定珠穆朗玛峰 (Mount Qomolangma)为 8848.13 米高。A.determined 确定;B.assumed 假设;C.estimated 估计;D.admitted 承认。 根据下文 As 3 improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were 4 to get more
37、exact figures.应用先进的科技去进行进一步 的测量可知,此空指的是中国的测量员确定珠峰的高度是 8848.13 米。 故选 A。 3.考查名词词义辨析。句意:随着技术的进步,卫星、光电、雷达和重 力测量技术被用来获得更精确的数据。A.condition 条件;B.technology 技 术 ;C.society社 会 ;D.economy经 济 。 根 据 下 文 的atllites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were 4 to get more exact figures.可知,
38、卫星、光电、雷达和重力测 量技术都是科技。故选 B。 4.考查动词词义辨析。句意:随着技术的进步,卫星、光电、雷达和重 力测量技术被用来获得更精确的数据。A.employed 运用;B.expected 期望;C.approached 接近;D.inspired 鼓舞。 根据下文的 to get more exact figures 可知,这些高科技被运用到测量珠峰精确的高度中。故选 A。 5.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然,仍然要有人要携带一些设备到世界 屋 脊 。 A.weapons 武 器 ;B.vehicles 交 通 工 具 ;C instruments 设 备;D.packages
39、包裹。根据常识可知,测量是需要设备仪器的,此处指的 是需要携带一些设备登山。故选 C。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:2005 年,一个中国团队测量了珠穆朗玛峰, 发现它并没有那么高,因为他们计算的高度是 8844.43 米。A.changed 改变;B.calculated 计算;C.extended 延伸;D.expanded 扩大。 根据上文 In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that以及下文the height to be 8844.43 meters.可知,此处指
40、的是 中国登山队在 2005 年计算的珠峰的高度是 8844.43 米。故选 B。 7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:攀登珠穆朗玛峰并非易事。A.glorious 光荣的;B.easy 容易的;C.admirable 令人钦慕的;D.tough 艰难的。根据 下文 The average air temperature there is 29 degrees Celsius,even four degrees _8 than in Antarctica.可知,攀登珠峰并不是一件容易的事。故 选 B。 8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:那里的平均气温为-29 摄氏度,甚至比南 极洲低 4 摄氏度。A.c
41、older 更冷的;B.hotter 更热的;C.higher 更高 的;D.lower 更低的。 根据 29 degrees Celsius 可知,此处表示珠峰的温度 比南极洲还要低 4 摄氏度。故选 D。 9.考查名词词义辨析。 句意:那里的雪有 4-5 米厚,像飓风一样的风一直 在吹。A.snows 雪;B.rains 雨;C.winds 风;D.snowflakes 雪花。根据下文 的 blow 可知,此处表示风。故选 C。 10.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:队员们正在接受为极端条件而战的 训练。 A.cope with 应付;B.fight for 与斗争;C.take on 承担;
42、D.carry out 实施。根据 the extreme conditions 可知,此处表示登山队员们正在训 练的目的是为了应付珠峰的极端条件。故选 A。 11.考查动词词义辨析。句意:简而言之,测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是一项 艰巨的任务,涉及大量的资金和人力资源,但值得付出努力。A.wasting 浪费;B.spending 花费;C.overcoming 克服;D.involving 涉及。根据 huge amounts of money and human resources 可知,测量珠峰的高度需要投 入大量的人力和物力。故选 D。 12.考查名词词义辨析。句意:简而言之,测量珠穆朗玛
43、峰的高度是一项 艰巨的任务,涉及大量的资金和人力资源,但值得付出努力。 A.effort 努 力;B.loss 损失;C.harvest 丰收;D.achieverment 成就。根据下文的 Put to good use, it can benefit mankind,如果使用得当,它可以造福人类可知, 这项任务值得去努力做。故选 A。 13.考查名词词义辨析。 句意:珠穆朗玛峰是观察地壳运动的最佳窗口。 A.channel 频道;B.window 窗口;C.solution 解决办法;D.entrance 入口。 根据下文 observing crustal(地壳的)movements.可
44、知,珠峰是观测地壳 运动的最佳窗口。故选 B。 14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:峰顶高度的变化可以表明两个板块是朝 着相向还是反方向运动。A.measure 测量;B.foresee 预见;C.indicate 表 明;D.expose 暴露。珠峰两次测量高度的化,这就表明两个板块是朝着 相向还是反方向运动。故选 C。 15.考查连接词词义辨析。句意:这就是为什么测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度 是如此重要。 A.where哪里;B. how怎样;C. why为什么;D. whether是否。 本句在讲述测量珠峰高度的重要性。所以本句为 why 引导的表语从 句。故选 C。 4.答案：1-5 DACAB 6
45、-10 BCDCA 11-15 CADBA 解析：1.联合国在1972年设立（establish）这个特殊的日子。arrange 安排；construct建造；conduct管理。 2.节日设置的目的是让人们考虑保护我们的星球（planet） 。 organization组织；society社会；system系统。 3.世界环境日的公众活动从6月1日到6月5日举行（take place） 。take apart拆开；hold up举起；阻挡；put on穿上。 4.根据后文可知每年世界环境日在不同的城市 （city） 举办。 date日期； way方式；direction方向。 5.那一年世界
46、环境日的主题是营造绿色城市，呵护地球家园。 content目录；message消息，main message主题；主要信息；moral 道德；method方法。 6.根据上文especially important可知城市成为特别重要的环境关注 （concern）领域。reference参考；development发展；argument争吵。 7.根据下文water and gasoline可知是指自然资源（resource） 。product 产品；power力量；material材料。 8.世界环境日将以城市居民如何共同努力拯救地球为中心（center） 。 rely依靠；live居住；d
47、epend取决于。 9.环境保护的目的是污染的减少（reduction） 。disappearance消失； appearance外观；increase增加。 10.根据下文former vice-president Al Gore talked about climate changes 可知发言者（speaker）中有一些专家。debater争论者；competitor 竞争对手；candidate候选人。 11.根据下文music concerts，movies，and art shows可知是娱乐（fun） 项目。free自由的；extra额外的；funny有趣的。 12.当地农民和餐
48、馆老板提供的食物是自然（naturally）生长的，当然 是绿色的。privately私密地；frequently频繁地；preciously昂贵地。 13.Gavin Newsom邀请（invite）了来自世界各地的城市领导人参加这 次会议。recommend推荐；command命令；suggest建议。 14.根据下文ideas可知是分享（share）彼此的观点。suggest建议； contribute贡献；supply供给。 15.联合国希望建立一项国际协议（agreement） ，各国和公民将遵守 该协议。contract合同；file文件；comment评价。 5.答案：1-5 C
49、BBCC 6-10 BDBAD 11-15 DCDCC 解析： 1.根据后一句中的English is considered one of the most important languages可知此处是说，世界上大约有5,500种语言，但其中许多语 言被认为是不重要的。故选C项。 2.根据后面的not only in the UK and the US, but in other countries of the world 可知，此处是说英语被认为是最重要的语言之一是因为许多人 使用它。故选B项。 3.根据语境及第三段中的 If we learn a second language可知，此处指 把英语当作第二语言。second language意为第二语言，故选B项。 4.根据语境，此处是说很难说出到底有多少人在学英语。因为人员众 多，不好统计，故选C项。 5.根据后文的Some children learn German 可知， 此处指许多英国孩子 学习法语。故选C项。 6.根据后文的If we learn a second language in the _ way可知， 此处是 问学习语言最好的方法是什么。故选B项。 7.根据下一句中的If we learn a second language in the _ way及常识 可推知，此处是说，当我们还是孩子的
