1、语法填空必杀三:动词谓语形式的三大命题角度 语法填空动词(谓语形式)解题技巧汇总语法填空动词(谓语形式)解题技巧汇总 一、判断方式: 1. 空格处的提示词为动词 2. 空格处需要填谓语动词 句子的谓语数量 = 连词数量 + 1; 其中, 连词包括并列连词和主从复合句的连词; 难点在于:连词有时可以省略,提升句子分析能力和句子翻译能力是关键 二、基本能力 1. 动词基本时态、语态的写法 主动: 过去 现在 将来 一般 was/were did am/is/are do/does will be will do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will be d
2、oing 完成 had done have/has done will have done 被动: 过去 现在 将来 一般 was/were done am/is/are done will be done 进行 was/were being don e am/is/are being don e will be being done 完成 had been done have/has been done will have been done 2. 常见动词的三单形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词的写法 三单形式: (1)大多数动词在词尾直接加 s, 如 read reads ,look lo
3、oks,play plays (2) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词, 要先将 y 变为 i, 再加 es 如: fly flies carry carries study studies (3)以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为iz 如: teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz (4)以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读z 如:gogoes z dodoes z 不规则变化:have has 过去式、过去分词: (1)直接在词尾加-ed。-ed 在浊辅音和元音后面读【d】;在清辅音后面读【t】; 在发【t】和【d】音的字母后面一律读【id】如
4、: wantwanted【id】, workworked 【t】, needneeded【id】, cleancleaned【d】 (2)以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加-d,读音同(1);如:likeliked【t】, livelived 【d】, movemoved【d】 (3)以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音 字母,再加-ed。如:stopstopped,plan-planned,beg- begged, drop-dropped (a)如果重读在第一个音节处,不双写加 ed. 如: visited(重读在 vis 前); offered(重读 在 of
5、前); (b) 如果重读在第二个音节处,双写词尾辅音字母加 ed. 如: preferred(重读在 fer 前); admitted(重读在 mit 前); refer-referred (4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词,先把 y 变成 i,再加-ed。 如:studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried, worry-worried 必须背过不规则动词表 【吐血推荐】15 幅图搞定不规则动词 现在分词: (1) 一般情况下直接加 ing 如: think-thinking, sleep-sleeping, study-stud
6、ying, speak-speaking,carry-carrying,say-saying (2)以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词,去掉字母 e,再加 ing,如:wake-waking, make-making,come-coming ,take-taking,leave-leaving,have-having (3)以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing,如:carry carrying enjoy enjoying (4)以 ie 结尾的动词,把 ie 改为 y ,再加 ing,如: die-dying lie-lying tie-tying (5)以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的
7、动词,先双写末尾的辅音字 母,再加 ing 。 常见的这类词有: begin, cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。 (visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾,不用双写) 三、常见考法 初级难度:根据时态标志词判断 1一般现在时:sometimes,every year/week/day/morning,often,always,usually, seldom,now and then 等。 2一般过去时:once upon a time,ye
8、sterday,last week/month/year,just now,the other day(= a few days ago),时间段ago,时间段later, in过去的年 份。 3 现在完成时: lately, recently, so/by far, by now, up to now, until now, in/during/over the past/last few时间段等。in/over recent时间段,since过去的时间点,ever since 等。 4现在进行时:Look!Listen!now, at present,at this moment/time
9、/minute,currently 等。 5过去进行时:at that moment/time/minute,then 等。 6 一般将来时: tomorrow, next week/month/year, in (the coming)时间段, upcoming, in the future 等。 7 过去完成时: by过去的时间, by then, by the end of过去的时间点, until then, before过去的时间点。 8将来进行时:at this time/moment tomorrow 等。 注意:一般过去时和完成时的标志词必须记牢 中级难度:根据前后文相关的时态
10、语态判断 1瞻前顾后找平行:并列连词连接的平行结构,连接对等的词或对等的结构,可 以作为时态判断的依据。常见如下:and,but,or,both.and.,either.or., neither.nor.,not only.but (also).等。尤其关注一个主语,两个或两个以上的 并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要保持一致。 2 语境提示定时态: 如果没有时间标志词或者具体的时间状语, 就要联系上下文、 前后句中的时态,看看动作是否同时发生或者先后发生,确定填空处的时态。 3主句从句相对应:宾语从句中,主句如果用一般过去时,从句也应该用过去的 时态;但陈述客观事实或真理时,从句用一般现在时。时间、
11、条件状语从句中,主 将从现,即主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。 高级难度:特殊结构或者被动或者主谓一致等 1. 固定句式类 (1)It/This/That is the first/second/.time that sb./sth.have/has done sth.这/那是某人/某物第一/二/次做某事。 (2)It/This/That was the first/second/.time that sb./sth.had done sth. 这/那是某人/某物第一/二/次做某事。 (3)hardly/scarcely/rarely.had done.when sb./sth.di
12、d.和 no sooner had done.than sb./sth.did 表示“一就”。 (4)It is (high) time that sb./sth.did/should do. 到了某人/某物该做的时候了。 (5).was/were doing.when sb./sth.did 某人/某物正在做这时突然 (6)祈使句and陈述句,陈述句为一般将来时。 2. 被动语态类 (1)步骤:确定主语;判断主语和动词的关系:如果主语是动作的发出者, 要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,要用被动语态。 (2)注意:不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态。 如:breathe,happen,exis
13、t,remain,rise,taste,survive,belong to,break out, break down,come up,come true,take place 等。 3. 主谓一致类 (1)核心定义:主谓一致即语法形式的一致,数的一致。 主语为单数可数名词或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。 主语为单个单个不定式(短语),动名词(短语)或主语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式单数形式。 主语为复数名词或两个或以上两个或以上不定式(短语),动名词(短语)或主语从句时,谓语 动词用复数形式。复数形式。 a large quantity of名词,谓语动词用单数;quantities of
14、名词,谓语动词 用复数。 如果定语从句缺少主语,谓语动词与先行词,即从句所修饰的名词或代词保持数 的一致。 (2)就近原则 either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but (also).,not.but.等并列连词 连接主语时。 there be 句型中,谓语动词与最近的主语保持数的一致。 (3)就远原则:名词介词短语名词,谓语动词与离的远的第一个名词,即句 子的主语保持数的一致。 介词短语包括:with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including 等。 四、经典练习
15、 较易试题: 1. The unmanned Change4 probe(探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _(touch) down last week in the South PoleAitken basin.(2020全国) 答案 touched 解析 考查时态。句子主语是 The unmanned Change4 probe,谓语动词是 touch。 根据时间状语 last week 可判断用一般过去时。touch down 意为“(飞机等)降落,着 陆”。 2The 80,000 objects
16、 collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,_(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.(2020新高考 全国) 答案 formed 解析 考查动词的时态。根据上文内容以及时间状语 in 1759 可知,应用一般过去 时。 3. By about 6000 BC,people _(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. (2020浙江) 答案 had discovered 解析 考查时态。根据
17、时间状语 By about 6000 BC(到大约公元前 6000 年为止)可 知,空格处的谓语动词需用过去完成时,表示到过去某个时间为止已经完成或发生 的动作。故填 had discovered。 4. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.(2019全国) 答案 have reported 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 In recent years 可知,主句用现在完 成时态,主语为 some Inui
18、t people,故填 have reported。 5Irene said,“I dont see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _(make) over the years.” (2019全国) 答案 have made 解析 考查动词的时态。根据定语从句中的时间状语 over the years 可知,此处 用现在完成时态。故填 have made。 6. Since 2011,the country _(grow) more corn th
19、an rice.(2018全国) 答案 has grown 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语 Since 2011 可知,此处用现在完成时, 主语 the country 是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用 has grown。 7 China s highspeed railways _(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.(2018北京) 答案 have grown 解析 时间状语 in the past few years 与现在完成时连用,由此可知应该用 have grown。 中等试题 1.they s
20、miled and _(point) down the river.(2020全国) 答案 pointed 解析 考查动词的时态。 and 连接两个并列谓语动词, 前后时态应一致。 故填 pointed。 2“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it _(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”(2020全国) 答案 mea
21、ns 解析 考查时态。根据直接引语中的 excites 可判断用一般现在时;主语是 it,故 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 3Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene _(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business.Irene said.(2019 全 国) 答案 declared 解析 考查动词的时态。该句主语为 Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文的 had 以 及 said 可知,用一般过去时态,故填 declared。 4Our ho
22、sts shared many of their experiences and _(recommend) wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.(2019全国) 答案 recommended 解析 考查时态。and 连接两个谓语并列的动词,空格处与 shared 并列,时态要一 致。故填 recommended。 5. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody _(have) to worry about fashion(时尚)(2019浙江) 答案 has/will have 解析
23、 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:当每个在校学生都穿校服时,没有人 会担心时尚问题。此处用一般现在时描述一般情况;分析句子结构可知,主语是 nobody,所以谓语动词用 has。或理解为 when 引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一 般现在时表将来,主句用一般将来时,故还可填 will have。 6One study in America found that students grades _(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.(2019浙江) 答案 improved 解析 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,此处 that
24、 引导宾语从句,而从句中缺少谓 语动词,同时根据主句谓语动词 found 和时间状语从句中的 introduced 可知,此处 也应用一般过去时,故填 improved。 7. On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.I _ (voice) my biggest concern to my mother.(2019北京) 答案 voiced 解析 考查时态。此处的 voice 意为“表达”,是动词,作谓语,根据上文可知, 这里叙述的是过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填
25、 voiced。 8. A few months after he had arrived in China,Mr Smith _(fall) in love with the people and culture there.(2019江苏) 答案 fell 解析 考查时态。句意为:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就爱上了那里的人们和文 化。这里描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。 9I _(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.(2019天津) 答案 ha
26、d hoped 解析 考查时态。 句意为: 我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚, 但我没能做到。 由 couldnt manage 用的是一般过去时可知,空格处表示过去本希望做其事但却 没做成,用过去完成时。故填 had hoped。 10 When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal _(mean) me no real harm.(2018全国) 答案 meant
27、解析 考查动词的时态。由语境可知,此处事情发生在过去,要用一般过去时态。 11You are a great swimmer. Thanks.Its because I _(practise)a lot these days.(2020天津, 有一定难度) 答案 have been practising 解析 考查时态。句意为:你游泳游得很好。谢谢。这是因为这些天我一 直在练习。根据句中的时间状语 these days 可知,practise 这一动作从过去一直持续 到现在,并且有可能持续下去,故用现在完成进行时。 较难试题 固定结构 1In any unsafe situation,simp
28、ly _(press) the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need.(2018北京) 答案 press 解析 句意为:在任何不安全的情况下,只要按一下按钮,训练有素的工作人员就 会给予你所需要的帮助。根据空后的 and 可知应该填 press。这是一个固定句式, 其构成是“祈使句and陈述句”。 2Susan had quit her wellpaid job and _(work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last y
29、ear.(2018北京) 答案 was working 解析 句意为:去年我去看望苏珊的时候,她已经辞去了高薪工作,正在社区做志 愿工作。when 引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时,表明主句也是过去的某种 时态。此处表示去年“我”去看她时她正在进行的动作,因此用过去进行时。 3I _(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. (2017天津) 答案 was driving 解析 考查时态。句意为:我正开车(was driving)去伦敦,这时突然发现我走错 路了。be doing.whe
30、n.是固定句式,表示“正在做这时突然”。 被动语态 1“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construct)”(2020全国) 答案 is constructed 解析 考查时态和语态。整句话的时态为一般现在时,且 the moon 与 construct(组 成,构成)之间是被动关系,故用一般现在时
31、的被动语态。 2One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest work,so that he could choose the best.The artist was sure he would _ (choose),but when.(2020全国) 答案 be chosen 解析 考查动词的语态。 主语 he 和动词 choose 之间是被动关系, 空格前有 would, 故用“be及物动词的过去分
32、词”。 3. The parts of a museum open to the public _(call) galleries or rooms. (2020新高考全国) 答案 are called 解析 考查动词的时态和语态。 分析句子结构可知, 句中缺少谓语, 主语 the parts 与动词 call 之间为被动关系,且此处说明客观事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态。 4And,as more children were born,more food _(need)(2020浙江) 答案 was needed 解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。food 和 need 之间是被动关系,
33、因此用 被动语态;由上文的 were born 可知,此处用一般过去时;且 food 在此处为不可数 名词,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。因此填 was needed。 5. On the last day of our weeklong stay,we _(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.(2019全 国) 答案 were invited 解析 考查时态和语态。由 On the last day of our weeklong stay
34、可知,句子 时态为一般过去时。we 和 invite 之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故 填 were invited。 6They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals _(install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.(2019江苏) 答案 will have been installed 解析 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为:他们正努力确保在 2022 年北京冬奥会之 前安装 5G 终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,用将来完 成时。 “5G 终端”和“安装”之间是
35、被动关系,用被动语态,故填 will have been installed。 7A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _(trap) in the mountains for two days. (2018北京) 答案 had been trapped 解析 句意为:一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。故填 had been trapped。根据 risked 可知,主句用了一般过去时,表示冒险救人的动作 发生在过去,被困在山里这一动作发生在这之前,属于过去的过去,即用过去完成 时;主语 two to
36、urists 和 trap 之间是被动关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态。 8. My washing machine _(repair) this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018天津) 答案 is being repaired 解析 句意为:我的洗衣机本周正在被修理,因此我只好用手洗我的衣服。my washing machine 与 repair 之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;再根据后面的“我只 好用手洗衣服”可知,洗衣机正在被修理,需用现在进行时的被动语态。 9I was sent to the village last mon
37、th to see how the development plan _(carry) out in the past two years.(2018江苏) 答案 had been carried 解析 句意为:上个月我被派到那个村子,去看了看在过去的两年里这个发展计划 实施得怎么样了。根据 in the past two years 可知,应用完成时,carry out 发生 在 was sent to 之前,应用过去完成时;the development plan 与 carry 之间是被动关 系,故用过去完成时的被动语态,故填 had been carried。 10I still re
38、member visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I _(shock) when I learnt she hadn t cooked once in all that time.(2018浙江) 答案 was shocked 解析 考查时态和语态。根据后面的 learnt 可知,此处说的是过去的事,故用一 般过去时;而 I 与 shock 之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。 主谓一致 1. This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers _(carry) specia
39、l significance.(2020全国) 答案 carries 解析 考查时态及主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实,所以用一般现在时;从句主语是 动名词短语 decorating with.,所以从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。此题 不要被 flowers 干扰,要找对从句的真正主语。 2Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining, six _(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.(2019 全国) 答案 are 解析
40、 考查时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用了一般现在时,本句的主语 six 指代 six polar bear subpopulations,表示复数意义,故本空应填谓语动词 are。 3. The musician along with his band members _(give) ten performances in the last three months.(2019江苏) 答案 has given 解析 考查动词的时态与主谓一致。句意为:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他 的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由 in the last three months 可知,这句话的 时态为现在完成
41、时;along with 连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词 在人称和数上保持一致,故填 has given。 4Amy,as well as her brothers,_(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(2019天津) 答案 was given 解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:上周埃米和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受 到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语 last week 可知,应用一般过去时;as well as 连接 两个并列的主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语一致,即与 Amy 一致,故此处应用
42、 第三人称单数形式;Amy 与 give 之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。 5 While running regularly can t make you live forever, the review says it _(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming. (2018全国) 答案 is 解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,这里用一般现在时,主语 it 是第三人称单数形式,故谓语动词用 is。 6. Fast food _(be) full of fat and salt;
43、by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国) 答案 is 解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据行文的时态可知,此处用一般现在时;句 子的主语 Fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语,故填 be 的第三人称单数形式 is。 7What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we _(have) a good time together. (2019江苏) 答案 would have had 解析 考查虚拟语气。
44、句意为:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则我们会在一起玩 得很开心。根据关键词 or 可知,这里表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,谓语动词 应用 would have done。 8The workers were not better organized,otherwise they _(accomplish) the task in half the time.(2019天津) 答案 would have accomplished 解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为:工人们没有被组织好,否则他们用一半的时间就能 完成任务。此处 otherwise 表达了一种含蓄虚拟;otherwise 前的内容所述的是过去 的事实,相当于 if 引导的条件状语从句“If the workers had been better organized”,因此后半部分应用“主语would have done sth.”结构。