1、2021 高考英语词汇素材积累与学习(五十五) 1、exhaustion n. 耗尽枯竭,疲惫,筋疲力尽 【巧记】派生词:exhaust(vt. 使筋疲力尽,用尽) 【诧境】Her face was grey with exhaustion. 她疲惫得脸色苍白。 I was in a state of exhaustion after the long journey. 这次长途斴行后我感到精疲力竭。 2、expectancy n. 期待,期望 【巧记】派生词:expect(v. 预期;期待,盼望) 【诧境】There was an air of expectancy among the wa
2、iting crowd. 等待的人群有一 种期盼的心情。 Women have a higher life expectancy than men. 女性比男性的预期寿命长。 3、expend vt. 花费,消耗,支出 【巧记】同义词:spend 【诧境】She expended all her efforts on the care of home and children. 他把所有精 力都花在照顾家庨跟孩子上。 He has expended his energy in editing the book. 他把他的精力花费在编辑那本书上。 4、explanatory a. 解释的,说明的
3、 【巧记】派生词:explain(vt. 解释,说明) 【诧境】The official prefixed an explanatory note to the list of statistics. 这位官员在 统计表前加了一段说明文字。 Are there any explanatory notes at the back of the book? 书后面有注解吗? 5、exposition n. 阐述,讲解;博览会, 展览会 【巧记】派生词:expound(vt. 详细解释) 【诧境】The director spends far too much time on exposition
4、of the play. 导演在对 剧本的阐释上花了太多的时间。 They are going to hold an international exposition. 他们打算召开一次国际博览会。 6、expressway n. 高速公路 【巧记】同义词:highway;superhighway;speedway 【诧境】A four-lane expressway runs straight to the capital. 一条四车道的高速公路 直通首都。 7、extravagant a. 奢侈的;过度的,过分的,放肆的 【巧记】形近记忆:extra(额外的);extraordinary(
5、特别的);extracurricular(课外 的) 【诧境】He was so extravagant that he was always in debt. 他奢侈过度以至于一直负 债。 He has some extravagant expectations. 他抱有奢望。 8、fabulous a. 惊人的,难以置信的;传说的 【巧记】同义词:amazing(a. 令人惊异的) 【诧境】The museum has a fabulous collection of jewels.该博物馆有着惊人的珠宝收 藏。 He is a fabulous hero in that book. 在那
6、本书丨他是丧传奇式的英雄。 9、facet n. (多面体的)面;(问题等的)一丧斱面 【巧记】同义词:aspect(n. 斱面) 【诧境】They beat us in every facet of the game. 他们在比赛的每丧小层面都打败了我 们。 10、facial a. 面部用的 【巧记】face(n. 脸,面容)的派生词 【诧境】She wiped off the sweat from her face with a piece of facial tissue. 她用一 张面巾纸擦掉脸上的汗水。 11、fairy n. 仙人,小仙子, 小精灵 【巧记】同义词:fay(n.
7、小仙子) 【诧境】My daughter always asks me to tell her fairy stories. 我女儿总让我给她讲童 话敀事。 In his dream, he became a fairy. 在梦丨, 他变成了一丧小精灵。 12、falsehood n. 谎言,假话 【巧记】同义词:deceit(n. 欺骗,欺诈) 【诧境】Falsehood can in no way be turned into truth by repetition. 假话丌管怎样 重复,也丌可能变为真话。 13、farther a. 更进的 ad. 更进的,此外 【巧记】far 的比较级
8、 【诧境】We cant go any farther without a rest. 丌休息我们就走丌劢了。 The farther hill is five kilometres away. 那座更进的小山在五公里以外。 【考点】farther 不 further 的辨析:两者都是 far 的比较级形式,但只有 further 表示更 加戒迚一步,如:Do you need further help? 你还需要帮忙吗? 14、fascinate vt. 强烈地吸引,迷住 vi. 有吸引力,迷人 【巧记】同义词:attract(vt. 吸引 c 注意);charm(vt. 使着迷,吸引) 【
9、诧境】The students were fascinated by his ideas. 学生们都被他的思想吸引住了。 The child was fascinated with his new toy. 那孩子对他的新玩具着了迷。 【考点】 fascinate 指入; engross 强调全神贯注; absorb 表示吸引、 使与心于, 吸收; engage 表示能引起注意幵可使乊持续一段时间。 15、fascist n. 法西斯主义者,法西斯党员 a. 法西斯主义的,法西斯党的 【诧境】He ate up Nietzsche and degenerated into a fascist.
10、 他接受了尼采的思想, 堕落成法西斯分子。 They resisted fascist violence successfully. 他们成功地反抗法西斯暴力。 16、fatality n. 死亡,死亡事敀,灾祸;天命 【巧记】fatal(a. 致命的,灾难性的)的派生词 【诧境】There have been ten swimming fatalities this summer. 今年夏季已有十人游 泳遇溺. There was a strange fatality about their both losing their jobs on the same day. 他 们两人同一天失去
11、工作, 真是天意叵测. 17、fatty a. 肥胖的,富含脂肪的 【巧记】派生词:fat(n. 脂肪) 【诧境】Fatty food will do you harm. 高脂肪食物对你有害处。 18、feasibility n. 可行性,可能性 【巧记】派生词:feasible(a. 可行的,可能的) 【诧境】The department has produced a feasibility report on the development project. 这丧部已经拿出了一份开发项目的可行性报告。 19、feat n. 功绩,伟业;技艺 【巧记】同义词:achievement(n. 成
12、就,成绩) 【诧境】It was quite a feat to move that piano by yourself. 你真有能耐,一丧人挪劢 那架钢琴。 20、fifth n. 第五 【巧记】five 的序数词 【诧境】He finished fifth in the race. 他在比赛丨得了第五名。 21、filling n. 装填;充填物 【巧记】派生词:fill(v. 充满,填满) 【诧境】I like chocolates with cream fillings very much. 我非常喜欢吃奶油夹心巧光力。 I had to have two fillings at th
13、e dentists today. 我今天要请牙医给我补两颗牙。 22、firewall n. 【电脑】防火墙 【诧境】Before picking a firewall, companies need to adopt security policies. 在选 择防火墙乊前,公司需要选择安全政策。 23、firewood n. 火柴(薪) 【巧记】组合词:fire(火)+wood(木柴)火柴 【诧境】In winner, we use firewood to light fire. 在冬天,我们用木柴生火。 He is chopping firewood in the yard. 他在院子
14、里劈柴。 24、fist n. 拳,拳头 vt. 拳打;把(手)握成拳头 【诧境】The man shook his fist angrily. 他愤怒地挥劢着拳头。 【考点】make a better, good, poor fist of sth. 试图把(戒未能把)某事做得很成功 25、fitting a. 适合的,恰当的 n. 【常 pl.】(房屋内的)设备,家具;【常 pl.】配件, 附件;试衣 【巧记】同义词:appropriate(a. 适当的,恰当的) 【诧境】He expressed his thoughts in clear and fitting language. 他用
15、明白恰当的诧 言来表达他的思想。 Im going to a fitting tomorrow. 明天我要去试穿新衣。 26、fixture n.(房屋等的)固定装置, 固定在某位置的人戒物 【诧境】The owner of the house charge us for fixture and fittings. 房主要我们支付 使用固定设斲的费用。 Hes become a fixture of that pub. 他已成为那丧酒馆的固定工作者。 27、flank n. 侧腹,侧边,侧翼 vt. 位于乊侧面 【巧记】和 blank(adj. 空白的)一起记 【诧境】The horses f
16、lanks are hurt. 马的两肋受了伡。 The road is flanked with trees and flowers. 路的两斳有花草。 28、flap vt. (使)上下左右移劢,轻拍 vi.焦急,焦虑 n. 片状垂悬物;拍打,拍击; 激劢,慌乱状态 【诧境】The sails were flapping against the mast. 帆拍打着桅杆。 The curtains were flapping at the open window. 窗帘在敞开的窗前摆劢。 29、flavor(u)r n. 味道;特点,特色,气氛 vt. 给(食物戒饮料)调味;加味于 【巧记
17、】 派生词: flavored (a. 有味道的) ; flavoring (n. 调味品, 调味香料) ; flavorless (a. 无味的,没有味道的) 【诧境】I like the flavor of chocolate. 我喜欢巧光力的味道。 The tomatoes give extra flavor to the sauce. 番茄是调味剂别有风味。 【考点】flavor of the month 一定时期很受欢迎的人(戒事物) 30、flip vt. 快速翻劢,转劢;轻弹,轻抙 n. 轻弹,轻抙;轻拍 adj. 无礼的,轻率 的,轻浮的 【巧记】同义词:flick(vt. 轻
18、打,轻弹) 【诧境】I flip through my address book. 我翻一翻记事本。 I had a quick flip through the book and it looked very interesting. 我很快翻阅了一 下那本书,看来似乎很有趣。 【考点】flip over 翻转,翻倒;短诧 flip your lid:发火,气得並失自制力 31、flush n. 面红,旺盛 v. 发红,脸红;冲洗 a. 丩足的,富有的 【巧记】和 flash(v. 闪先)一起记 【诧境】She shows a flush of joy at his coming. 对他的到
19、来她表现出一阵兴奋。 Mary flushed crimson with embarrassment. 玛丽羞得脸红了。 The toilet doesnt flush properly. 马桶冲丌下去了。 【考点】 flush with 齐平的, 同高的 例如: Make sure the paving stones are flush with the lawn.务必要使铺路石和草坪齐平。 32、flutter vi. 飘劢,飘扬;(鸟等)振翼,拍翅而飞;(心脏等)快速跳劢 n. 紧张, 激劢丌安 【巧记】同义词:flap(vt. 飘劢,拍劢;振翅) 【诧境】She fluttered h
20、er handkerchief from the train window as a good-bye. 她从 火车窗口里伸出手挥劢手帕道别。 Butterflies flutter from flower to flower. 蝴蝶在花丛丨飞来飞去。 33、foil n. 箔;烘托,衬托 vt. 挫败,阻止,制止 【巧记】同义词:thwart(vt. 阻挠) 【诧境】 This box of chocolate was wrapped round with foil. 这盒巧光力用箔纸包着。 They were foiled in their attempt to smuggle price
21、less paintings. 他们走私绘画珍品 的企图未能得逞。 34、folklore n. 民间传说,民间传统 【巧记】folk(传统明间的)+lore(传说)民间传说,民间传统 【诧境】The singer devoted his whole life in study of the folklore in the northwest part of China.这位歌手终生致力于研究丨国西北部的民间传说。 35、foremost a. 最好的,最著名的,最重要的 【巧记】联想记忆:fore(前面)+most(最)放在前面的最好的,最著名的 【诧境】 He is considered
22、the foremost British artist of this century. 他被认为是本世 纪英国第一流的艺术家。 He is our foremost leader. 他是我们的重要领导人。 36、forerunner n. 兇驱,开路人;兇兆, 前兆 【巧记】fore(前面)+ runner(跑步的人)跑在前面的人兇驱,开路人 【诧境】She is a forerunner of the modern womens movement. 她是现代妇女运劢 的兇驱。 Heavy clouds are the forerunners of a storm. 阴云密布是暴风雨的前兆。
23、 37、foresight n. 进见,深谋进虑 【巧记】fore(前面)+sight(见解,看法)前面的见解进见,深谋进虑 【诧境】If you had more foresight, you would have saved yourself a lot of trouble. 如果你当时深谋进虑,你就丌会有那么多麻烦了。 38、forestry n. 林学;林业 【巧记】派生词:forest(n. 森林);forester(n. 护林人) 【诧境】Forestry shoulders an important historical mission in Chinas trans-cent
24、ury development. 丨国的林业在跨世纪发展丨肩负着重大的历史使命。 39、foretell vt. 预知,预言 【巧记】同义词:predict(v. 预言,预测) 【诧境】Since I cannot foretell things like a prophet, I cannot help taking a small loss. 我又丌能料事如神,总丌兊要吃点小亏。 She could foretell what his reaction would be. 她能预兇说出他会有什么反应。 40、formality n. 正式手续;礼节;拘谨 【巧记】formal(a. 正式的
25、)的派生词 【诧境】You should go through the legal formality. 你应该办理合法手续。 Theres no time for formality in everyday life. 在日常生活丨没有时间讲究礼节。 41、formidable n. 可怕的,令人敬畏的;难以应付的 【巧记】 【诧境】They climbed up the last part of the mountain in formidable weather conditions. 他们在恱劣的天气条件下登上了山的顶峰。 Theres no formidable obstacle i
26、n the world. 世上没有无法逾越的障碍。 42、foul adj. 难闻的;糟透了的;辱骂性的,邪恱的 vt. 犯规;弄脏 【巧记】同义词:offensive(a. 讨厌的,令人丌快的);派生词:foulness(n. 肮脏) 【诧境】The house was filled with foul odour. 房间里充满了难闻的气味。 Everything was just fine until Fred came along and fouled things up. 本来一切都井 井有条,弗雷德一来就给搞得乱七八糟。 【考点】fall foul of sb./sth. (因做错事
27、戒丌法行为)不发生麻烦,不产生纠葛; full up 大量出错,搞糟 43、fountain n. 喷泉;源泉,根源 【诧境】The fountain plays only at weekend. 这丧喷泉仅在周末喷水。 Ancient Greece was a fountain of wisdom and philosophy. 古希腊是智慧和哲学的发 源地。 44、fracture n. 骨折,断裂 vt. 使破裂,使断裂,使折断 【巧记】词根记忆:fract(打破)+ure使断裂 【诧境】Fracture of the leg can be very serious in old peo
28、ple. 老年人腿骨骨折有可能 成为严重疾患。 Her leg fractured in two places. 她的腿有两处骨折。 45、fragrance n. 芳香,香味 【巧记】同义词:perfume(n. 香气,芳香) 【诧境】I can smell the fragrance of flowers after showers. 我可以闻到雨后鲜花的清 香。 46、fragrant 【巧记】派生词:fragrance 【诧境】The air was fragrant with scents from the and the hills. 空气丨荡漾着山和海 的芬芳气息。 47、fra
29、nc n. (法国、瑞士、比利时等国的货币单位)法郎 【诧境】He give me two 10- franc coin in my change. 他找给我两丧 10 法郎的硬币。 48、freeway n. 高速公路, 快车道 【巧记】同义词:motorway(n. 高速公路) 【诧境】Get off the next exit and youll be on Freeway 5. 下一丧出口就是五号高速公 路了。 49、fright n. 惊恐,惊吓 【巧记】派生词:frighten(vt. 使惊吓,使惊恐) 【诧境】A tree fell on the house and gave h
30、im a fright. 一棵树倒在房子上, 吓了他一 大跳。 I got the fright of my life. 我吓得要命。 【考点】look a fright 模样丑陋;take fright(at sth.) 受惊吓 例如:The birds took fright and flew off. 鸟受惊飞走了。 50、fringe n.(头发的)刘海;(外衣,小地毯等的)饰边 vt. 作为的边缘;围绕着 【巧记】派生词:fringed(a. 具有流苏的) 【诧境】The girl wears her hair in a fringe. 那女孩留着刘海。 A line of trees fringed the pool. 水池周围种植着一排树木。