1、2021 年高考英语二轮复习专项突破：虚拟语气(附练 习题和答案) 专题七专题七 虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不 表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。 一、虚拟语气谓语动词的几种表现形式 1. 用在虚拟条件句中用在虚拟条件句中 虚拟条件句及其主句的谓语形式可归纳如下: 从句谓语从句谓语 主句谓语主句谓语 与现 在事实相 反 were,did would (should, could, might) +v 与将 来事实相 反 （可 能性极小） should do, were+to+ v would (shoul
2、d, could, might) +v 与过 去事实相 反 had done would (should, could, might) + have done 例 1：I would certainly go if I had the time. 例 2：How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer. 例 3：She would have come if we had invited her. 注：如果条件从句中包含有 were, had, should 或 could，有时 可把 if 省略掉，但这时要把 were, had, sho
3、uld 或 could 放在主语 前面(这种结构在口语中较少使用)。例如： 1)Had we made (= If we had made ) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. 2)Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us. 3)Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 2. 用在含蓄条件句中 句子中，假设的情况不用条件从句表示出来，而是用一个介词短 语来表示，句子的谓语形式也可遵循上表的规则。 这
4、种用法也常见亍or, or else, otherwise和but后面的分句中。 例如： 1)Without music, the world would be a dull place. 2)But for your help, we would have failed. 3)She would have gone with us, but she didnt have time. 4)He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then. 3.用在错综时间条件句中 有时候， 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并
5、不 一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子可 称作错综时间条件句。例如： 1)If you hadnt watched television so late, you wouldnt be so sleepy now.(此句为时间交错的虚拟条件句，从句表示与过去 事实相反的假设，主句则假设与现在情况相反) 2)If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.(从句表示与现在事实相反的假设， 主句则 表示一种与过去事实相反的设想) 4.用在 wish 后的宾语从句
6、中 这种句子主要表示愿望，that 常省略。若指现在或将来的愿望， 从句用过去时;若指过去没有实现的愿望，从句用过去完成时。例如： 1)I wish I had learned to play chess.(与过去事实相反) 2)I wish I remembered his address.(与现在事实相反) 3)I wish he would try again.(对将来情况的假设) 若 wish 后的宾语从句中用 would， 可以表示请求， 通常意味着 说话人的不快或不满。例如： 1)I wish you would help us. 2)I wish you would stop a
7、sking such silly questions. 5.用在 if only 感叹句中 当表示“但愿”，“要是就好”时，它的用法和 wish 基本相 同，只是更富有感情色彩，表示一时很难实现的愿望。例如： 1)If only I knew what you wanted. 2)If only you hadnt told him what I said, everything would have been all right. 6.用在以 as if (as though) 引出的方式状语从句中 当表示过去想象中的动作或情况时，用过去完成时;当表示和现 在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，
8、用一般过去时。例如： 1)The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter. 2)It seems as if it were spring. 7.用在某些虚拟的定语从句中 例 1： He was the very person I should have been wished to see. 例 2：Its (high) time that we went to class. 8.用以表示说话人的主观愿望或选择， 仅用在一些惯用句型的从 句中 例 1：Id rather they came tomo
9、rrow. 例 2：Hed rather I went to Fuzhou by sea. 例 3：Id just as soon you didnt watch television this evening. 但 had rather, would rather, would just as soon, would sooner 等惯用语如用在简单句中，其后都用不加 to 的动词不定式。 例如： 1)Id rather die than give up my principle. 2)Id just as soon (would sooner) resign than take part
10、in such dishonest deals. 二、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气 1. should +动词原形(有时省略 should) (1)用在动词如 advise, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge 等 后的宾语从句中。例如： 1)They requested that we (should) send a delegation to their country. 2)She urged that he write and accep
11、t the post. (2)用在 it is suggested, it is desired, it is required, it was ordered, it was proposed, it has been decided, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that 等引出的主语 从句中。例如： 1)It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 2)It is necessary that the teach
12、er (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject he teaches. (3)用在 suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement 等引起的表语从句和 同位语从句 例如：He put his coat over the child lest he should catch cold. 2.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中 例如：They talked as if they had been friends for years. 3.用在
13、表示虚拟情况的定语从句中 例如：It is high time you handed in your test paper. 4.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中 例 1：I wish I were as strong as you. 例 2： He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting. 5.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中 例 1：Could you spare me a few minutes? 例 2：You might have told me earlier. 例 3： Hadnt you bett
14、er go and see you dentist about that tooth? 6.用在表示祝愿的简单句中 例 1：Long live world peace. 例 2：May you succeed. 练习 1、If my brother _ here last Sunday，he _ me from going. A. had been；would have prevented B. had been；would prevent C. were；would prevent D. were；would have prevented 2、The judge ordered that t
15、he thief _ punished. A. would be B. should be C. were to be D. must be 3、If the United States had not entered the Second World War，probably the 1940 unemployment rate of 14% _ still further. A. would rise B. would risen C. would have risen D. had risen 4、He talked as if _ for many years. A. is livin
16、g there B. was living there C. has lived there D.had lived there 5、I wish I _ you yesterday. A. saw B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 6、The rice _ if you had been more careful. A. wouldnt be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burned D. wouldnt be burnt 7、 Without electricity， human
17、 being life _ quite different today. A. would B. will be C. would have been D. would be 8、Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. A. dont do B. didnt do C. hadnt done D. wont do 9、If he _ in a day or two，I would wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. have
18、 returned 10、I would go to the concert but I _ no time. A. had B. had had C. have D. have had 11、How nice it _ if I _ a sister like you！ A. should be；had been B. would be；had been C. would be；had D. were；had 12、_ in your position，I would go. A. If I B. Were I C. If was I D. If I am 13、 _ five minute
19、s earlier， you could have seen them off. A. If you should arrive B. If you arrived C.Had you arrived D. Should you arrive 14、I am glad we had a map. I am sure we _ if we _ one. A. would have got lost；hadnt had B. would get lost；hadnt C. couldnt have get lost；had had D. may get lost；dont have 15、The
20、doctor insisted that this patient _ seriously ill and he _ on. A. should be；should be operated B. should have been；had been operated C. had been；should operate D. was；should be opearated 16、I wish my husband _ as well as _. A. will dress；you B. be dressd；you C. dressed；you D. dress；you 17.If we _ ha
21、rd in the past few years，things _ so smoothly now. A. hadt worked；had gone B. hadnt been working；wouldnt be going C. didnt work；werent going D. hadnt worked；would have gone 18、I _ each of the group leaders immediately work out a practical plan of study. A. hope B. except C. wish D. suggest 19、Withou
22、t the air to hold some of the suns heat. the earth at night _，too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. can freeze coldly C. will be freezing coldly D. would be frozen cold 20、-_ you booked the tickets in advance，we would have left for Italy. -If so，we _ the ball and failed to see a lot of interesting people there. A. had；should miss B. should；might have missed C. should；had missed D. had；would have missed 答案 1 - 5 ABCDC 6-10 CDBCC 11-15 CBCAD 16-20 CBDAD
