1、1 人教新目标版 英语英语 (八年级下册) 知识清单 一目了然 包含: (全书语法总览 各单元搭配,词组,句型,重难点) 2 教你几个常用的英语考试技巧 不管期末还是中考,很有用哦! 1、当看到选项中有课本上本单元重点语法时,一般会选择 该选项,比如说 U1 学的 by ,那么看到期末考试开始的介词 时优选选 By(中考不一定) 2、介词+doing 大家都知道,但是考试的时候出现了介词, 你知道这个是介词吗?如果你知道,不管啥意思,后面选 doing 3、阅读中都会有潜规则的小顺序问题,对号入座即可,还 有,很多选项确实不知道选择什么时,一定要记住优先 选择正能量,拒绝太绝对 4、当看到生词
2、时候,我们很多时候都是想去蒙一下,但是 为什么不用排除法呢,那样正确率会很高,为啥会有生词 因为出题人想让你懵! 5、词语运用很多时候我们比较害怕那些首字母或者盲填项, 但是你有没有发现这些空都是一个小规律介、冠、连、 代!正确率 90%,不信你试试! 6、我们写作文都想得高分,但是你知道看卷子的老师把大 部分时间都放在哪里吗?开头与结尾,你的开头很精彩 吗?不会又是 hello ,everyone ,my name is吧? 来几个漂亮的高级句型,多漂亮,多精彩!多学学吧! 3 目录总览目录总览 Unit 1 whats the matter? 本单元主要语法点 1 1、情态动词 shoul
3、d 的用法 2、反身代词的用法 Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks 本单元主要语法点 1. 用 could 表达建议 2. 动词不定式的用法 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room ? 本单元主要语法点 用 could 提出要求和征求许可 Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents? 本单元主要语法点 1.状语从句(until、 so that、 although ) 2、why dont you? 句型 Unit 5 What were you doing when
4、 the rainstorm came ? 本单元主要语法点 1、 状语从句(when while ) 2、 过去进行时的用法 4 Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains . 本单元主要语法点 状语从句(as soon as、unless、sothat ) Unit 7 whats the highest mountains in the world? 本单元主要语法点 1、 如何表达较大的数字 2、 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 Unit 8 Have you read treasure island yet ? 本单元主要语法点 现在完成
5、时 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 本单元主要语法点 现在完成时 Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years . 本单元主要语法点 现在完成时 5 八年级英语下册细节知识点八年级英语下册细节知识点 Unit 1. whats the matter? 【必背短语必背短语】 1. foot-feet 脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿 2. have a cold 感冒 3. have a stomachache 胃疼 4. have a sore back 背疼 5. have a sore throat 喉咙疼
6、 6. have a fever 发烧 7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息 8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶 9. see a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor 看医生 10.drink lots of water 多喝水 11.lots of ,a lot of, 许多。大量许多。大量 a lot a lot of=lots of,可以修饰可数名词复,可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词,一般用在肯定句中。:数和不可数名词,一般用在肯定句中。: There are lots of ( a lot
7、of) books in our library. There is a lot of water on the ground a lot,是一个副词词组,跟动词连用;表示十分,很等意思;是一个副词词组,跟动词连用;表示十分,很等意思; Thanks a lot. 12. have a toothache 牙疼 13. Thats a good idea 好主意 14. go to bed 去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉 15. feel well 感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服 I dont feel well= Im not feeling well 我感觉不舒服
8、. 16. start doing/ to do sth 开始做某事 to do 是一件事情完成了,开始做另外一件事情是一件事情完成了,开始做另外一件事情 doing 是原来的那件事情做到一半,现在又开始做了,是同一件事情。是原来的那件事情做到一半,现在又开始做了,是同一件事情。 17. two days ago 两天前 18. get some rest 多休息, 休息一会儿 19. I think so 我认为是这样 20. be thirsty 口渴 21. be hungry 饥饿 22. be stressed out 紧张 23. listen to music 听音乐 24. h
9、ealthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 25. traditional Chinese doctors 传统中医 26. need to do sth 需要做某事需要做某事 I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛, 我需要去看牙医. We need to keep our classroom clean. 我们需要保持教室的干净. 27. too much + 不可数名词不可数名词 太多的太多的 much too +形形/副副 实在太实在太 极其,非常极其,非常 too many + 可数名词复数可数名词复数 太多的太多的 2
10、8.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 ,对什么有好处 be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害 be good to 对好 be good at =do well in 在方面好,擅长 be good(bad) for、be good at 的相关用法的相关用法 1.be good for 对.有益 6 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你们的建康有益。 2.be good at 擅长于. Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅长于
11、篮球。 = Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅长于打篮球。 be good at = do well in 如: Im good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅长于数学。 3.be good to 对.好 Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。 29.get good grades 取得好成绩 30.angry 用法用法 be angry with sb 生某人的气 I was angry with him for keeping me w
12、aiting.我对他很生气,因为他让我等了好久。 be angry at/ about sth 就某事生气 31.Its easy to do sth 做某事是容易的。 Its important to do sth . 做某事很重要。 32.balanced diet 平衡饮食 33.get tired 感到疲倦 be/get tired 34.stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health 35.He shouldnt eat anything =He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西. 36.give sb
13、 some advice 给某人建议 give advice 提出建议 advice 是不可数名词是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议 He gave me some good advice. 他向我提了一些很好的意见。 49.sleep 8 hours a night 每晚睡眠八小时, get enough sleep 得到充足的睡眠 50.take medicine 吃药 服药 I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒,我不得不一天吃三次
14、药 。 二二 固定结构固定结构 Its +形容词形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是做某事对某人来说是的。的。 Its important to do sth .做某事很重要。 Its important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的. Its easy to do sth 做某事是容易的。 Its easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的 三重点句子三重点句子 1.Whats the matter ? Whats the mater wit
15、h you ? 你怎么啦? =Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you? I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache 2.Thats too bad. You should / shouldnt 那太糟糕了. 你应该/不该 You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor . He shouldnt eat anything = He should ea
16、t nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西. 3.Im not felling well . 这里 well 表示身体状况,不能用 good 代替 I dont feel well= Im not feeling well 我感觉不舒服. 7 4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么时候开始的?大约两天前 5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来 这里 better 是 well 的比较级 10.Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and its important
17、 to eat a balanced diet . 有一个健康的生活方式很容易,饮食平衡是很重要的。 Its easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / Its important to do sth . 做某事重要 四知识结构四知识结构 1.情态动词情态动词 should 的用法的用法 should 是情态动词,它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,意为应该.。 should(应当,应该)用于所有人称,表示劝告或建议。 eg. You should wait a little more. 你应该再多等一会儿。 - I have a very bad c
18、old.我感冒很厉害。 - You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下,多喝水。 2maybe 与与 may be 1.maybe 是副词,译为也许、可能,相当于perhaps。如: Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。 He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。 2.may be 中的 may 为情态动词,译为可能是.。如: He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。 She may be our English teacher
19、. 她可能是我们的英语老师 3 few、a few、little、a little 的区别和联系:的区别和联系: 1.few / a few 用来修饰可数名词,few 表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有;a few 表示有肯 定意思, 有几个。 例如: He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 2.little / a little 用来修饰不可数名词,little 表示否定意思,没有,几乎没有。 a little 表示肯定意思,有一点儿。
20、例如: There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗? 4 notuntil 直到直到 (否定句否定句) 才才,动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词 She didnt leave until we came. He went shopping after he got up. =He didnt go shopping until /before he got up. until/till 直到直到 (肯定句)动词为延续性动词(肯定句)动词为延续性动词 We stayed here
21、 till/until 12 oclock. 1. What s the matter? 怎么啦?出什么事情了? 【解析 】matter/ mt(r) /n.问题;事情 What s the matter with you? = Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了? 【注】 : matter 和 trouble 为名词, 其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是 adj. 不 8 能加 the 【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时, 与介词 with 连用。即: What
22、s the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold. 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache 胃疼,肚子疼 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼 3. 身体部位+ache(
23、疼痛)构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache 后背痛 4. much too+ 形容词,意为 太. ,too much+名词,意为 很多,大量 。 5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地,enough 放在名前后,形副后名前后,形副后。 good enough 足够好,enough money=much money 6. lie down 躺下, lie 躺,躺着,过去式 lay;lie 说谎,过去式 lied 7. maybe 或许,常用于句首,
24、表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be,是情态动词+be 的结构,意为可能,也许,后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. 8. sound like+名词代词和从句:It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词,听起来,好像,The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要,实义动词 need+名词,需要某物; need to do sth.需要做某事, 主语通常是人, 表示人主动的动作: You need to
25、 listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下(公交车) get on 上车 11. agree 同意,赞同; agree with sth. 同意某同意某事事 如:I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见同意某人的意见 如:I agree to LiLei. 12. trouble问题, 麻烦 ; be in trouble遇到麻烦, make troubl
26、e 制造麻烦 , have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 做.有麻烦。 13. right away=right now=at once,意为 马上 。 9 14.【复习】 advice 不可数名词劝告,建议,向征求意见, give sb. advice on sth.就某 事给某人建议; advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth. 15. 【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼 当 exercise 意为练习时,为可数名词 即可加
27、 s 当 exercise 意为锻炼时,为不可数名词 即不加 s 16. hurt 及物动词,使疼痛,受伤,He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词,(部位)疼。 His leg hurt badly. 17. clean 【动词】打扫,clean the classroom 打扫教室, 【形容词】 干净的 ,cleaner 意为 清洁工 。 18. hit (用手或器具)打;击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on 用在所打较硬的
28、部位; hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in 用在所打较软的部位。 19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事,强调状态; His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. 变得习惯,逐渐适应强调过程、动作: Its difficult for one to get used to anot
29、her countrys habit. 20. 【复习】 free 形容词空闲的 free time; 免费的 the drink is for free; 自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使解脱,得到自由:He could not free his arm. 21. run out 用完,用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物 sth. run out. 某物用尽了。 人 sb. run out
30、 of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 23. the importance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要(性) , important adj.重要的,unimportant adj.不重要的 24. decision 【名词】决
31、定;抉择; make a decision 做决定 ; make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。 25. be in the control of 掌管,管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control 无法控制,无法管理 be under control 被控制住,在控制之中 10 26. 【复习】mind 意为 介意 ,mind doing sth. 介意做某 事 , Would you mind my opening the window
32、? 27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事,give up (playing) computer games; give up 后可接名词、代词和动词 ing 形式,也可不接,如: Never give up easily. 二、重点语法二、重点语法 【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性 别、数上保持一致。 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 【用法】 1. 可用作宾语
33、,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如:Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如: She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。 如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。 如: look after onese
34、lf / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用(随便吃/喝些). hurt oneself 摔伤自己 say to oneself 自言自语 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己 【提醒】 1. 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。 如:我自己能完成 作业。 (误)
35、Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 11 2. 反身代词表示某人自己不能表示某人的东西,因为它没有所有格的形式。表达某人 自己的(东西)时,须要用 ones own. 如: 我用我自己的蜡笔画画。 (误) Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons. Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks. 一知识点:一
36、知识点: 短语动词小结 常见短语动词结构有下面几种: 1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜 这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动 词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放 在短语动词后。 2. 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于 这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。 3. 动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗尽 4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in 参加 catch hold of 抓
37、住 1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、 振作 如: cheer me up 使我高兴 clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫 2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩 home n. 家 4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语 ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ,不能作定语 5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献 volunteer n. 志愿者 6. come up with 提出 想出 = think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上 7. put off
38、doing 推迟做某事 put on 穿上 (指过程) put up 张贴 8. write down 写下 记下 9. call up 打电话 make a telephone call 打电话 10. set up 成立 建立 The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在 2000 年成立的。 11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与 of 连用 every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有全体的意思不能与 of 连用 12. put to use 把 投入使用,利用 They put the new machine to u
39、se. 他们把新机器投入使用 13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English help do 帮助做某事 help study 14. plan to do 计划做某事 plan + 从句 I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。 12 15. spend doing 花费做 I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天
40、的时间去参观北京。 spend on sth. 花费在 I spent 3 years on English. 16. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如:join the Party 入党 take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如: take part in sports meeting 参加运动会 17. run out 与 run out of run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间,食物,金钱,油等,本 身就含有被动意义。 His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。 Our time is running o
41、ut. 我们剩下的时间不多了。 run out of 主语为人,表示主动含义。 He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱 花完了。 两者在一定条件下可以互换 如:The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用 完了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time 18. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母
42、等)相像 be similar to 与.相像 take after 相像 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾 19. work out v. + adj. 结局,结果为 The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。 算出,制订出,消耗完(精力等) He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。 He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。 I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经
43、算出了我们总的费用。 21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛 I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。 22. be able to do 能 会 be unable to do 不能 不会 23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事谢谢做某事 如:如: thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我谢谢做帮助我 24. for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问 You dont have money. Thats for sure. 你没有钱,这是毫无疑问的。 25. fill wi
44、th 使充满 用填充 She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。 26. hand out 分发 hand out bananas give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分.给某人 give up doing 放弃 give up smoking 放弃吸烟 give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to . give away money to kids give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱 give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me
45、给我线 27. help sb. out 帮助做事,解决难题(摆脱困境) I cant work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题,请你帮 13 我解决。 28. train n. 火车 train v. 训练 train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事 She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。 29. at once = right away 立刻 马上 如: Do it at once. 马上去做。 Ill go there at once/ right
46、away. 我马上去那里。 30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如: One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。 Some day Ill go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。 34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能 36. volunteer 可数名词 志愿者 adj. 自愿的 vi. volunteer to do sth They are the Chinese Peoples Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。 I volunteer to he
47、lp you. 我自愿帮助你。 二二句子句子 1We cant put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. 我们不能推迟制订计划,清洁日离现在只有两周了。 2She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school. 她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作,使这个爱好得到较好的利用 3Not only do I feel good about helping ot
48、her people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 帮助别人不但自己感到快乐,而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。 4The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school. 这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。 5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。 6.The strategies that he came up with wo
49、rked out fine. 几米想出的这个办法很效。 8We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。 9You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。 10He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who dont have bikes. 他现在有 16 辆要修理的自行车,并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那 些没有自行车的孩子。 一、基本知识点一、基本知识点 1. sick 生病的,有病的;可在句中作表语 Mary
50、could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语 a sick child 【区别【区别 ill】ill 与 sick 同义;但是只在句中做表语,不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill. 2. cheer (sb.) up (让某人) 变得高兴; 振奋起来 The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 3. give out 分发;散发分发;散发,相当于 hand out,The teacher is giving out/ handing out the tes