1、1 上海上海区徐汇区区徐汇区 2016-2020 年五年高考二模英语试题汇编年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-阅读理解阅读理解专题专题 2020年年上海市徐汇区高考二模英语试题上海市徐汇区高考二模英语试题 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose th
2、e one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Aristotle thought the face was a window onto a persons mind. Cicero agreed. Two thousand years passed, and facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way to judge other peoples
3、 feelings, irrespective of age, sex and culture. A raised eyebrow suggests confusion. A smile indicates happiness. Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is
4、no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognizable facial expressions for basic emotions which are universal across cultures. Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy. This may raise questions about the efforts o
5、f information-technology companies to develop artificial-intelligence algorithms (算法) which can recognize facial expressions and work out a persons underlying emotional state. Microsoft, for example, claims its Emotion API is able to detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them.
6、 Another of the studys authors, however, expressed scepticism. Aleix Martinez, a computer engineer at Ohio State University, said that companies attempting to obtain emotions from images of faces have failed to understand the importance of context. For a start, facial expression is but one of a numb
7、er of non-verbal ways，such as body posture, that people use to communicate with each other. Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well. But context can reach further than that. Dr Martinez mentioned an experiment in which participants were shown a close-up picture of a man
8、s face, which was bright red with his mouth open in a scream. Based on this alone, most participants 2 said the man was extremely angry. Then the whole picture was shown. It was a football player with his arms outstretched, celebrating a goal. His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.
9、 Given that people cannot guess each others emotional states most of the time, Dr Martinez sees no reason computers would be able to. There are companies right now claiming to be able to do that and apply this to places I find really scary and dangerous, for example, in hiring people, he says. Some
10、companies require you to present a video resume, which is analyzed by a machine-learning system. And depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find really shocking. 56. We can learn from the second paragraph that _. A. facial expressions are universal across cultures B. it
11、is hard to recognize some facial expressions C. emotions and facial expressions may not be related D. common facial expressions convey similar meanings 57. In the passage, the word scepticism (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _. A. similar interest B. fierce anger C. strong support D. great dou
12、bt 58. The experiment mentioned by Dr Martinez may prove that _. A. facial expression is an important way to communicate B. machine recognition of emotion is not reliable at all C. facial expression is not the only way to detect feelings D. people may misread facial expressions for lack of context 5
13、9. What does this passage mainly tell us? A. Facial expressions are among the most universal forms of body language. B. Computers can detect peoples mind by analyzing their facial expressions. 3 C. Facial expressions may not be the reliable reflection of a persons emotions. D. Companies can depend o
14、n machine recognition of emotion to hire people. 【答案】56. C 57. D 58. D 59. C 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。人脸识别功能已经广泛应用于生活方方面面，但科学家近日发现，面部表情并不能 精确地反映出本人的真实心情。 【56 题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文的“Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy.（科学家发现，因为一个人不笑并不意味着这个人不开心）”，可以判断脸部表情与心
15、情之间 并没有必然联系。故选 C项。 【57 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据原文的“Another of the studys authors, however, expressed scepticism.（然而，另一位研究 作者表示了怀疑）”，根据句中转折词 however（然而），可以判断该处表达的意思与上文“Emotion API is able to detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them.（表情 APT能够通过检测视频来判 别人们心中所想）”是相反的，即人脸识别并不能反应出人们内心真实心情。故选
16、D 项。 【58 题详解】 推理判断题。定位到第四段落，根据“Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well. （机器表情识别也需要考量上述因素 （情境） ） ”，及根据原文“His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.（事实上，他看起来愤怒的表情实际上是快乐的表情）”，可判断出如果脱离了具体情境，我们 就无法正确解读面部表情。故选 D 项。 【59 题详解】 主旨大意题。全文都在讨论面部识别与人们内心情感之间的关系是否是正相关，作者通
17、过引述科学家的 言论“depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find really shocking（凭借人脸表情识 别来决定是否录用求职者，依我看是非常震惊的）”来例证脸部识别表情这一功能的不可靠，因为面部表 4 情并非真正地反映出我们的真情实感。故选 C项。 (B) IMPROVE YOUR WRITING | | WRITING INSPIRATION | | GET PUBLISHED RESOURCES Founded in 1887, The Writer aims to expand
18、 and support the work of professional writers with a straightforward presentation of industry information, writing instruction and professional and personal motivation. If youre passionate about books, authors, and writing, youll find everything you need within our pages 12 times a year. Our editors
19、 are interested in query letters (投稿信) on concrete topics written by emerging and experienced writers. We are looking for clear takeaway for our readers: What can they learn to improve their writing or advance their careers? What specific how-to tips and strategies will accomplish this? In addition
20、to a fleshed-out outline of your story idea and an estimated word count, queries should include a brief description of your background. For personal essays, we prefer writers to attach or paste the finished piece in their query email. We do not accept material that has been previously published in a
21、ny form in print or online. Queries should be sent by e-mail to . All queries sent to any other address will be deleted. Unfortunately, we receive hundreds of letters every week and cannot respond to all of them. If you havent heard from us in two weeks, please feel free to move your submission (投稿)
22、 to another publication. If youre unfamiliar with our magazine, we recommend reading a few issues, subscribing, or at least signing up for our newsletter to get a feel for the kind of work we publish. Article lengths vary widely from 300 to 3,000 words. We recommend writers ask themselves the follow
23、ing questions before querying. It isnt necessary to include them in your query, but we find its a good way to help us understand how your piece best fits in our pages: 5 * How specifically will this story idea help our readers become more informed writers? * Why is this particular idea timely or rel
24、evant? * Why are you the perfect person to write this piece? We prefer electronic queries. Please do not mail queries. Payment varies. Thank you for considering a submission to The Writer magazine, the voice of imagination, creation, and publication since 1887. 60. According to the passage The Write
25、r magazine _. A. provides practical suggestions on a writing career B. responds to all the query letters from the readers C. introduces successful writers and their works only D. prefers handwritten queries to electronic ones 61. When sending a query letter, a contributor must _. A. answer the three
26、 questions first B. attach a printed version of the story C. subscribe to the magazine D. include a brief self-introduction 62. What is this passage mainly about? A. Magazine recommendations. B. Submission guidelines. 6 C. Published stories. D. Subscription information. 【答案】60. A 61. D 62. B 【解析】 【分
27、析】 本题是一篇应用文。向有意投稿的作者介绍一些投稿原则，帮助他们顺利发表文章。 【60 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章的“The Writer aims to expand and support the work of professional writers with a straightforward presentation of industry information, writing instruction and professional and personal motivation. （ 作家提供简单易懂的产业信息展示、写作指导、激发职业及个人写作积极性，最终拓展及提升专
28、业 作家的写作）”，可以看出该杂志是提供与写作方面有关的指导。故选 A 项。 【61 题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文的“queries should include a brief description of your background（投稿信要包含投稿 人简短的背景介绍）”，可以看出投稿人要附赠自己的个人介绍。故选 D 项。 【62 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据原文“We recommend writers ask themselves the following questions before querying.（在投 稿前，我们建议作者应该问以下几个问题）”，以及“its a go
29、od way to help us understand how your piece best fits in our pages（它能更好帮助我们理解你的写作是否和我们的页面契合）”，可判断该文是指导作者 如何更好地写作投稿。故选 B 项。 【点睛】应用文解题技巧。考场上的应用文大多选自外刊或外网的广告类文章，而这一文章有自己的特点， 结构清晰、行文简单、条例清晰、关键词醒目。所以考生需要通过速读来了解文章的大意。如该文通过 最上面的标题“The Writer”就可以对文章进行一个大致的猜测；又通过首段进一步确定该文的中心。其 次，应用文有一些比较特殊的字体，如大小写、数字等。通过这些特殊
30、标明的字体可以快速“寻读”以 获取想要的信息。如本题的第 1 小题，the Writer就是以斜体字 the Writer 标明的，可以快速匹配到第一段 落。 7 (C) There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to
31、convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level. Although there are a good man
32、y advocates of green construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving
33、 force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the desig
34、n. The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owners objectives and expectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build th
35、eir ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take green issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in ti
36、me, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact. In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends
37、 in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can m
38、eet the clients objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate. Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects,
39、 mechanical and electrical engineers do not 8 become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines. This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may b
40、e financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction. 63. What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage? A.
41、 Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings. B. Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs. C. Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably. D. Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are m
42、ore important than sustainability. 64. The phrase come a cropper probably means _. A. experience misfortune B. change ones mind C. notice the benefits D. make a start 65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building
43、at the beginning. B. Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings. C. The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design. D. Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings. 66. The writers
44、 main purpose is to _. A. explain the importance of communication when a building is commissioned B emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environment C. explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous 9 D. inform professionals how they can i
45、nfluence clients to choose greener designs 【答案】63. C 64. A 65. C 66. D 【解析】 本题是一篇说明文。介绍了“绿色建筑”这一流行理念并非在建筑行业实操过程真正落地原因，及介绍 如何使之落地的途径。 【63 题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文的“The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building.（是否以最小的环境影响来建造的最大
46、驱动力是建筑 的拥有人）”以及“If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.（如果大楼拥有人认为绿色设计不重要，或将它置于次之地位， 那很大程度上，绿色设计概念将不纳入设计的考虑中）”，可以判断出关键因素是大楼拥有人，公司实际 不能决定是否施行环保建造。故选 C项。 【64 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据该段的“The commissioning (委任) proc
47、ess plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk.（若要保证所属者能够得到想要的建筑，无论是从设计、 成本还是风险角度而言，委任过程扮演了重要角色）”可以判断出，该段落意在说明“委任”的重要性； 而从“Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take green issues into account when doing so（所 属者如果跳过委任过程，或未能将绿色
48、概念纳入考量）”可以判断出，下一句会说如果不遵循这一过程会 造成的严重失误和后果是什么，备选项 A符合语境。故选 A 项。 【65 题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文的“this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the clients objectives（大楼拥有者与公司之间的初步 交流对于设计者勾勒和提升绿色设计方案是一个绝佳时机，同时也满足客户的目的需求）”
49、，这里的 the initial interaction指代的就是the commissioning process，所以该句强调委任过程在绿色设计概念交流上起到 的重要作用。故选 C项。 10 【66 题详解】 推理判断题。本文主要从 commissioning process（委任过程）这个角度入手，介绍了其对于大楼拥有者、 公司及设计者三者之间的重要作用，通过沟通设计者可以更好地将绿色概念融入到建筑当中，故该文向 从业者介绍如何通过有效途径影响客户选择绿色设计。故选 D项。 2019年年上海市徐汇区高考二模英语试题上海市徐汇区高考二模英语试题 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the p
