1、odule 4 Rules and suggestions Unit 3 Language in use 语法聚焦语法聚焦 情态动词情态动词 一、定义：一、定义：情态动词没有人称和数的变化, 但有一定的意 义;不能单独使用, 必须与动词原形一起构成谓语; 表示说 话者的态度、情感以及对某一行为或状态的看法或态度。 二、情态动词的用法归纳二、情态动词的用法归纳 情态情态 动词动词 用用 法法 举举 例例 can 表示具有某种能力, 意思是“能, 会”, 与be able to的意义基本相同, 但can只用于一般现在时和一般 过去时, 而be able to能用于多种 时态 I can swim.
2、 我会游泳。 Can you / Will you be able to work out the difficult maths problem? 你能解答出这道数学 难题吗? 表示可能性, 意为“可能, 可以” I think we can find the way to the museum. 我认为我们可以找到去 博物馆的路。 表示许可, 意为“可以”, 相当于 may Can / May I come in? 我可以进 来吗? You can / may leave now. 你现在 可以离开。 can的过去式是could。could常代 替can来委婉地向对方提出请求 或者表示看法
3、, 是一种有礼貌的 说法, 此时could不表示过去时态 Could you help me? 你能帮我 个忙吗? Yes, I can. 是的, 我能。 may 用来征求对方的许可, 意思是 “允许, 可以”（此时答语比较 灵活） May I ask you a question? 我可以问你个问题吗? Sure. / Yes, please. 当然可 以。/ 可以, 请说。 表示说话人的猜测和对事实 可能性的判断, 意为“可能, 也 许” He may know my telephone number. 他有可能知道我的电 话号码。 在祈使句中, 表示祝愿、希望 等 May you be
4、happy every day! 祝你天天快乐! must 表示说话人的主观意志, 意为 “一定, 必须”, 没有人称和数的 变化, 其否定答语通常用 neednt或dont have to, 意为“不 必” Must I go home now? 我必 须现在回家吗? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt / dont have to. 是的, 你必须。/ 不, 你不必。 must的否定形式为must not / mustnt, 意为“不许（做某事）, 一定不要”, 表示命令、禁止、 告诫 You mustnt be late for class. 你上课不许迟到。
5、 注意：对事情的肯定猜测用 must, 否定猜测用cant He must be at work now. 他 现在一定在工作。 He cant be at home. 他不可 能在家。 need need作情态动词时, 没有人称、 数和时态的变化, 一般只用 于疑问句或否定句中, 其后 接动词原形, 即need do sth., 其否定形式为neednt。疑问 句式是将need提到句首 You neednt wear so many clothes. Its very warm outside. 你不必穿那么多衣服, 外面很 暖和。 Need you go alone? 你需要一 个人去吗?
6、 注意：在need引起的一般疑 问句中, 用must作肯定回答, 用neednt作否定回答 Need she water the flowers? 她需要浇花吗? Yes, she must. / No, she neednt. 是的, 她必须浇。/ 不, 她不需要浇。 could could既是can的过去式, 本身 也是情态动词, 语气较为委婉 Could you please take out the trash? 你能把垃圾倒了吗? shall 用于表示建议、邀请或征求对 方的意见时, 语气较为委婉, 多 和第一人称搭配 Shall we go camping this afterno
7、on? 今天下午我们去 野营好吗? should 表示应该、义务, 意为“应该”, 否定形式是shouldnt, 意为“不 应该” You should ask your parents for help. 你应该向你的父母 求助。 have to 强调受客观原因所迫而不得不 做某事。主语是第三人称单数 时, 要用has to。have to变否定 或疑问句时要借助于助动词do 的相应形式 She has to stay at home and look after her sick mother. 她 不得不待在家里, 照顾她生 病的妈妈。 Do you have to go? 你非得走 吗
8、? had better 后跟动词原形。had better do sth.意为“最好做某事”；否定 结构是 had better not do sth. Youd better take the advice. 你最好接受这个建议。 课堂小测课堂小测 一、根据句意及首字母或中文提示完成单词 1. We must turn off the lights to save _（电）. 2. You must eat some food, or you will s_ the whole day. 3. Dont walk close to the e_ of the rock. Its too d
9、angerous. 4. The road to my home is very s_ and you will drive comfortably. 5. She had to stand s_ because there was so much traffic around her. electricity tarve dge mooth till 二、根据汉语意思完成句子, 词数不限 6. 你必须马上回家。 You _ home now. 7. 吃饭之前不能吃零食。 You _ snacks before meals. 8. 我可以知道你的名字吗？ _ your name? 9. 我们应
10、该准时去上学。 We _ to school on time. 10. 你没有必要那么做。 You _ that. must go mustnt eat / have May / Can I know should go neednt / dont have to do 三、单项填空（语法专练） （ ）11. Must I finish the work tonight? No, you _. But you _ finish it tomorrow. A. cant; need B. mustnt; may C. neednt; must D. mustnt; can （ ）12. Is t
11、he man over there Mr Brown? It _ him. He has gone to Brazil. A. may not B. cant be C. shouldnt D. mustnt （ ）13. _ I know by what time you want the project to be done? By the day after tomorrow. _ you finish it on time? A. May; Can B. Must; Need C. Could; Must D. Need; Would C B A （ ）14. Could you pl
12、ease go to the cinema with me this afternoon? Sorry, I _ . I _ take a piano lesson at 2 pm. A. couldnt；have to B. cant；would C. cant；have to D. couldnt；will （ ）15. Look at the sign “No smoking!” You _ smoke here. OK, _. A. cant; I wont B. mustnt; I will C. wont; It doesnt matter D. mustnt; I wont C
13、D 读写综合读写综合 A. 回答问题（核心素养：语言能力） 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答问题。 Recently, a middle school in Hebei has made a rule to prevent the students from exposing their ankles（露脚踝）, they cant lose their health for fashion. As is known to all, its a fashion to expose your ankle without wearing socks. And this wind has
14、also blown into school. Many students who care much about their appearance like rolling their pants up, believing that it is a kind of fashion which makes their legs look longer and thinner. Though it is already the season of spring, the temperature still changes very often. In order to stop the stu
15、dents from losing their health for fashion, the first middle school in Cangzhou recently has checked the students ankles every day, and put an article “Children, do not roll up your pants” on the schools WeChat public platform. Childrens pursuit（追求） of fashion without realising the harm it actually
16、does to their health is a headache for their parents and teachers. To make sure the students stay in good health, the teachers guide the students in a positive way in class meetings. Whats more, they check the students ankles every day. Nearly all the parents think highly of what the school has done
17、. “She doesnt listen to me and even talks back to me at home. But now, I dont have to worry about this problem because of the rules made by her school, ” said Mrs Wang, a mother of a 15-year-old girl. What harm does the exposed ankle do to the human body? According to the experts in Cangzhou Central
18、 Hospital, the ankle is a very important part of the human body. Once the ankle is cold, it will easily lead to different kinds of illnesses like cold and pneumonia （肺炎）. “Youd better not expose your ankle unless the temperature is blow 30.” said the expert. Answer the following questions. 1. Why ha
19、s the school made the rule? _ _ 2. What is put on the schools WeChat public platform? _ _ 3. Who thinks highly of what the school has done? _ 4. How does the school stop the students from rolling up their pants and make sure they are in good health? _ _ 5. Why has the school made this rule? _ _ They
20、 made the rule to prevent the students from exposing their ankles. An article “Children, do not roll up your pants” is put on the schools WeChat public platform. Nearly all the parents think highly of what the school has done. They guide the students in a positive way in class meetings and check the
21、 students ankles every day. Because they want to stop the students from losing their health for fashion. B. 书面表达 安全对于每个人都很重要, 人人都应珍爱自己的生命, 更 应注意自己的人身安全。假如你是Lina, 是学校学生会主席, 请 你就安全问题, 用英语写一封安全倡议书, 向全校学生发出倡 议。 内容包括： 1.遵守交通规则, 不闯红灯。 2.吃健康食物, 少吃垃圾食品。 3.不私自下河游泳； 4.对人友好；不打架。 参考词汇：遵守obey, 交通规则traffic rules,
22、 交通灯traffic lights 作文要求： 1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和 学生的真实姓名。 2. 语句连贯, 词数80个左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出, 不计入总词数。 【写作思路点拨】 第一步：根据内容要点逐一进行描述（遵守交通规则；不闯 红灯；吃健康食物；少吃垃圾食品；不私自下河游泳；对人 友好；不打架。）。参考句型： 1. First, we must _. Dont _. 2. Second, wed better_. Dont_. We should_. 3. Third, its dangerous to_. Dont_. 4. Fourth, we
23、should_. Dont_. 第二步：进一步强调你的观点。参考句型： In a word, we should _. 第三步: 检查自己的写作。（以上要求的4个内容都写到了吗？ 2. 是否有语法错误？） First, we must obey the traffic rules when we go out. Dont cross the street when the traffic lights are red. Second, we had better eat healthy food. Dont eat too much junk food.We should eat more f
24、ruit and vegetables. We should eat less meat. Third, its dangerous to swim in the river alone, so dont go to the river without parents permission. Fourth, we should be friendly to others. Dont fight with others. In a word, we should remember that safety comes first. Dear students, Safety is very important to everyone. Thats all. Thank you. Yours, Lina 此部分习题详见独立装订的课后作业。请同学们完 成课后作业下册Module 4的Unit 3下面的所有练习题。 课后作业课后作业
