1、第 14 讲 阅读指导（2） 阅读理解猜词技巧：阅读理解猜词技巧： 1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时 文章借助关联词(如 because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefor e 等等)表示前因后果。例如： You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.通过 for 引出的句 子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出 blame 的词义是责备。 2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
2、通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由 and 或 or 连接的同义词词组，如 happy and gay，即使 我们不认识 gay 这个词， 也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的 同义词，如 Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter wi th the help of spaceships.此句中的 Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但 只要知道 planets 就可猜出这几个词都属于行星这一义域。 通过反义词猜词， 一是看表转
3、折关系的连词或副词，如 but，while，however 等;二是看与 not 搭配的或表示否定意义的 词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据 not at all.han dsome 我们不难推测出 homely 的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 3.通过构词法猜词通过构词法猜词 在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它 们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等 语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。 4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义通过定义
4、或释义关系来推测词义 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry per iod，or drought. 从 drought 所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即 drou ght，由此可见 drought 意思为久旱，旱灾。而 a dry period 和 drought 是同义语。这 种同义或释义关系常由 is，or，that is，in other words，be called 或破折号等来表示。 5.通过句法功能来推测词义通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bana
5、nas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如 pineapples 和 coconuts 是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位 置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出 pineapples，coconuts 和 bananas，oranges 是 同类关系，同属 fruit 类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 6.通过描述猜词通过描述猜词 描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相 貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The pengui
6、n is a kind of sea birdliving in the South Po le. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知 penguin 是一种生活在南 极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。 1 提高阅读技巧 2 在阅读如何处理陌生词汇 Jack is a twenty-year-old young man. Two years ago, when he finished
7、middle school, he found work in a shop. Usually he works until ten oclock in the evening. He is very tired when he gets home. After a quick supper he goes to bed and soon falls asleep. His grandma who lives downstairs is satisfied with (满意) him. One day, on his way home, he met Mary. They were both
8、happy. He asked the girl to his house, she agreed happily. He bought some fruit and drinks for her. And they talked about their school, teachers, classmates and their future (未来). They talked for a long time. “Have a look at your watch, please,” said the girl. “What time is it now?” “Sorry, somethin
9、g is wrong with my watch,” said Jack. “Wheres yours?” “I left it at home.” Jack thought for a moment and found a way. He began to stamp his foot on the floor, “Bang! Bang! Bang!” The sound woke his grandma up. The old woman shouted downstairs, “Its twelve oclock in the night, Jack. Why are you still
10、 jumping upstairs?” 1. Jack was _ when he finished middle school. A. sixteen B. eighteen C. twenty D. fifteen 2. The old woman is satisfied with Jack because _. A. hes her grandson B. hes clever C. he can keep quiet D. he gets home on time 3. From the story, we can know that Mary is Jacks _. A. clas
11、smate B. colleague (同事) C. aunt D. wife 4. The word “stamp” in the story means _ in Chinese. A. 盖印 B. 跺 C. 贴邮票 D. 承认 5. Jack stamped his foot on the floor in order (为了) _. A. to wake his grandma up B. to make his grandma angry C. that his grandma was going to tell him the time D. that his grandma wa
12、s going to buy him a watch A A Once I met a difficult question to answer what is a friend? But now, I think I have a better understanding about friends and friendships. What is a friend? To me, it is a present I give to myself. There is an English saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” A frie
13、nd will probably love us even when we forget to love ourselves. We also know true friends are hard to find and difficult to forget. Some are like the sunshine that lightens our day, and they are always around us, ready to give us a hand. Some are like the stars at night, and we dont always see them,
14、 but we know they are always there, waiting for us. Friendship doubles our joys and cuts down our sorrows. The first rule of friendship is to be a friend, to be open, natural and honest; the second rule is to take time to keep your friendship. So, why not take some time to go to our friends and shar
15、e ourselves with them? Please believe: Friends are forever, and friendships never end. 1. The writer thinks a friend _. A. is a gift B. neednt give us a hand C. is always waiting for us D. never helps us 2. Friendships can _. A. makes us happy B. let us forget sadness C. last long D. all of the thre
16、e 3. How many rules of friendship are mentioned in the text? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 4. The text is mainly about _. A. friends and friendships B. the sunshine lightens our day C. a friend in need is a friend indeed D. friendships never end 5. A true friend is _. A. easy to find B. easy to
17、 forget C. difficult to find D. easy to make B B Where Is My Cat? Mr Black likes fish very much. He often buys some fish in the shop and takes them home for supper. His wife, Mrs Black often asks her friends to their home to have lunch and eat fish.One day, when Mr Black comes home in the evening, h
18、e cannot find his fish. And Mrs Black says their cat has eaten the fish. Mr Black is very angry. He takes the cat to the shop near their house to weigh the cat. He says,” You see, my fish is one kilo, and this cat is one kilo, too. My fish is here. Then where is my cat?” 一,快速判断： （正确的在括号里填T，错误的填F） 1.
19、 Mr Black likes to eat cat very much. ( ) 2. Mrs Black often eats fish with her friends. ( ) 3. The cat is one kilo. ( ) 4. The cat ate the fish. ( ) 二，回答问题： 5. What does Mr Black often do? 6. How does Mr Black feel when he cannot find his fish? 7. Who eats the fish? C C Where is LoveLove? How can w
20、e find LoveLove? Once a little boy wanted to meet LoveLove. He knew it was a long trip to where LoveLove lived, so he got his things ready with some pizzas and drinks and started off. When he passed three streets, he saw an old woman sitting in the park and watching some birds. She looked very hungr
21、y. The boy gave her a pizza. She took it and smiled at him. The smile was so beautiful that he wanted to see it again, so he gave her a Coke. She smiled once again. The boy was very happy. They sat there all the afternoon, eating and smiling, but they said nothing. When it grew dark, the boy decided
22、 to leave. But before he had gone more than a few steps, he turned around, ran back to the old woman and gave her a hug. The woman gave him her biggest smile ever. When the boy opened the door of his house, his mother was surprised by the look of joy on his face and asked what had made him so happy.
23、 “I had lunch with Love. She has got the most beautiful smile in the world.” At the same time, the old woman s son was also surprised at his mother s pleasure and asked why. “I ate a pizza in the park with Love,” she said, “and he is much younger than I expected.” If the world is full of love, we ca
24、n enjoy a better life. 11. When the little boy saw the old woman, she was_. A. looking for a seat in the park B. passing the street C. looking at some birds D. having a pizza 12. The little boy gave the old woman a Coke because_. A. the old woman still felt hungry B. he wanted to see the smile again
25、 C. he didn t like the drink D. the old woman paid him for it 13. The old woman gave the little boy the biggest smile_. A. after the little boy went home B. before it grew dark C. when she was drinking Coke D. after the little boy hugged her 14. The boys mother was surprised to see her son was very_
26、 when the door opened. A. pleased B. surprised C. unhappy D. angry 15. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The little boy failed to find Love. B. Both the little boy and the old woman found what they wanted at last. C. The little boy decided never to go home. D. The old woman gave the little boy a hu
27、g to thank him. Do you have a brother or a sister? Do you have two tennis rackets and tennis balls? You can play tennis. Two people or four people can play tennis. Do you have a basketball? Do you have two brothers or sisters? Can your mother and father play? Five people can play basketball. Volleyb
28、all needs six people for each team(队) and a volleyball. But baseball needs a big family. A baseball team has nine people. You need a baseball bat and a ball. ( ) 1. _people can play tennis. A. Five B. Nine C. Two or four ( ) 2. You want to play tennis, you need_. A. two tennis rackets. B. A tennis r
29、ackets and a ball. C. Two tennis rackets and a ball. D. A tennis racket and two ball. ( )3. A basketball team needs_people. A. two and four B. five C. six ( ) 4. Nine people play baseball, they need_. A. a baseball and a bat. B. Nine baseballs and a bat. C. A baseball and nine bats. ( ) 5. A volleyb
30、all team needs_. A. a volleyball and two people B. Five people and a volleyball C. Six people and a volleyball 一、找出划线部分读音与众不同的单词。一、找出划线部分读音与众不同的单词。(10(10 分分) ) ( )1. A. big B. six C. nice D. miss ( )2. A. work B. wall C. whose D. watch ( )3. A. sorry B. brother C. some D. does ( )4. A. yesterday B.
31、family C. day D. Monday ( )5. A. hear B. pear C. ear D. near ( )6. A. map B. stamp C. face D. cat ( )7. A. three B. those C. their D. these ( )8. A. food B. foot C. book D. good ( )9. A. not B. no C. ink D. ant ( )10.A. names B. apples C. faces D. balls 二、请你按要求完成下列各题。二、请你按要求完成下列各题。(10(10 分分) ) (I)(I
32、) 1. shoes(单数) _ 2. bus(复数) _ 3. dont(完全形式) _ 4. me(主格) _ 5. too(同音词) _ 6. he(物主代词) _ 7. 努力工作(译成英语) _ 8. let us(缩写形式) _ 9. short(反义词) _ 10. over there(汉语意思)_ (II)(II)翻译下面的短语翻译下面的短语 1. 二瓶果汁 _ 2. 到这来 _ 3. 在树下 _ 4. 双胞胎兄弟 _ 5. how much _ 6. thanks a lot _ 7. look after _ 8. put on _ 9. 在天空中 _ 10. 穿红衣服的女
33、孩 _ 三、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。三、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。(10(10 分分) ) 1. Can I have _(a) orange? 2. She _(like) to play the flute. 3. He _(have) got a skipping rope. 4. Please give _(I) a cup of tea. 5. Lets go _(shop) with my mother! 6. Da Ming comes from China，he is _(China). 7. How many _(hour) are there in a d
34、ay? 8. Lucy _(look) like her father. 9. “Here you are. ”“_(thank).” 10. She _(watch) TV every evening. 四、根据提供的情景，选择正确的句子，将其标号填在题前的括号内。四、根据提供的情景，选择正确的句子，将其标号填在题前的括号内。(8(8 分分) ) A. Lets go to the zoo. B. Can you spell “window”? C. Good evening， Dad. D. Good night. E. This is Mr Zhang. F. Look at the n
35、ew car. G. Come and sit here. H. Its my favourite colour. ( )1. 傍晚见到父亲说：_ ( )2. 你想说这是我最喜欢的颜色：_ ( )3. 你想叫人拼写窗户这个单词，可以说：_ ( )4. 你叫汤姆过来坐，可以说：_ ( )5. 你想请别人欣赏这辆红色法拉利小轿车，可以说：_ ( )6. 想邀请别人一起去动物园，可以说：_ ( )7. 睡前对母亲说晚安，应表达为：_ ( )8. 你向 Helen 介绍一下张老师，应该说：_ 五、选择填空。五、选择填空。(30(30 分分) ) ( )1. Whats this in English?
36、 _ a jeep. A. This is B. Thats C. Its D. it is ( )2. Wheres the bag? A. Its in the car. B. They are here. C. There are. D. Here are. ( )3. Whats that man? A. Hes my brother. B. Yes，he is. C. Shes a teacher. D. Hes a teacher. ( )4. Its _ my new car. A. / B. a C. is D. isnt ( ) 5. _ a cat. A. This B.
37、Thiss C. This is D. That ( )6. Look _ the nice car. A. to B. and C. at D. in ( )7. Its nine oclock. I must _. A. go home B. go to home C. to go home D. go the home ( ) 8. _ you see the blackboard? A. Do B. Are C. Is D. Can ( )9. Please give _ a cup of tea. A. she B. he C. I D. him ( ) 10. Its time _
38、 play games. A. in B. on C. for D. to ( )11. The man _ the photo is my father. A. in B. on the C. in the D. under ( )12. _ name is Mike. A. I B. My C. Me D. mine ( )13. Who is the _? He is my uncle. A. boy B. man C. woman D. girl ( )14. _ you like this jacket? A. Are B. Do C. Can D. What ( )15. _ is
39、 my umbrella? Its over there. A. Where B. What C. Whose D. how ( )16. Whats that _ English? A. for B. in C. on D. under ( )17. Look! The cat is _. A. walk B. run C. ran D. running ( ) 18. Whose gloves are they? _ my _. A. Its，mothers B. Theyre，mothers C. Theyre，mother D. Its，mother ( ) 19. The boys
40、are from Tokyo. They are _. A. China B. English C. Japanese D. Chinese ( ) 20. There are _ on the table. A. two bottles of milk B. two bottles milk C. two bottles of milks D. two bottle of milk ( )21. “Can I help you?”“Id like _ bags of rice. ” A. some B. a C. little D. one ( )22. “What would you li
41、ke?”“Id like _ to eat.” A. something B. apple C. meat D. some orange ( )23. Look! Some meat _ in the box. Some apples _ in the basket. A. are，are B. is，is C. are，is D. is，are ( )24. I would like _. A. some banana B. eat some bananas C. some bananas eat D. some bananas ( )25. Please give me two bottl
42、es of _. A. milk B. waters C. milks D. oranges ( )26. Well，would you like _ to drink? A. some thing B. anything C. some things D. something ( )27. _ would you like _ breakfast? A. What，with B. What，for C. What，at D. How，for ( )28. I want some A. meats B. waters C. cakes D. breads ( )29. What about _
43、? A. something to eat B. to eat something C. something eat D. eat something ( )30. “Do you want _ orange?”“No，Id like _ bottle of orange.” A. a，an B. an，an C. the，an D. an，a 六、从栏中选出能对栏中的句子做出正确反应的应答语。六、从栏中选出能对栏中的句子做出正确反应的应答语。(18(18 分分) ) (I) ( )1. Dont be late again. A. A new watch. ( )2. May I have
44、a cup of tea? B. Me，too. ( )3. I like the red fan. C. I see. ( )4. Whats that on the desk? D. Sure. ( )5. Wheres Dad? E. Perhaps hes in the study. ( )6. Shall we go to the zoo by bike? F. Its Bobs，I think. ( )7. Whose kite is this? G. Good idea. ( )8. Can I have a look at your dress? H. Yes. Here yo
45、u are. (II) ( )1. Could you help me， please? A. OK. ( )2. Thanks a lot. B. Youre welcome. ( )3. Lets put the books in the box. C. Its Monday. ( )4. Can you carry it? D. No，its full. ( )5. Whos on duty today? E. lam. ( )6. Is it empty? F. No，its light. ( )7. What day is it today? G. Certainly. ( )8.
46、Is that bag heavy? H. No. Li Lei isnt here. ( )9. Are we all here today? I. No，thanks. ( )10. Let me help you. J. Yes，I can. 七、在下列各句七、在下列各句 A A、B B 或或 C C 中找出与划线部分意义相近的词或句子。中找出与划线部分意义相近的词或句子。(14(14 分分) ) ( ) 1. Wang Hai does well in English. A. likes B. is good at C. is writing ( )2. Id like some me
47、lons. A. I want B. I like C. I need ( )3. Let me see. A. look at B. watch C. think over ( ) 4. How does she go there? A. get up B. do C. get ( )5. We have three lessons this afternoon. A. texts B. glasses C. classes ( )6. Well go and get some bananas. A. sell B. want C. buy ( )7. A: Its hot inside.
48、Please open the window. B: Pardon? A. Please say it again. B. Im sorry. C. All right. ( )8. Where are you from? Im from China. A. Im from Chinese. B. Im Chinese. C. Im in China. ( )9. Tom! This is my uncle. A. my fathers brother. B. my mothers sister. C. my fathers sister. ( ) 10. Whats the time? Its a quarter to one. A. 1:15 B. 1:45 C. 12:45 ( )11. Whats the weather
