1、To analyze the difference in uses and meanings of direct speech and indirect speech. To practice transforming direct speech and indirect speech. Look at the sentences in both columns and discuss the differences between each pair. Summarize the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech. T
2、he expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. The expert said, “From the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.” Direct Speech Indirect Speech The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die out because of climate change
3、?” The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change. Direct Speech Indirect Speech The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction?” The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction. Direct Speech Indirect Speech “Lets work together to s
4、top climate change,” the expert said. The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change. Direct Speech Indirect Speech Read more sentences and answer the questions. 1. Im still working because there is a lot to do. He said that he was still working because there was a lot to do. 2. Eleve
5、n thousand people live here and six thousand left last week. He said that eleven thousand people lived there and six thousand had left the week before. 3. Does this mean that the danger is over? He asked if this meant that the danger was over. 4. They cant go back to their houses. He said that they
6、couldnt go back to their houses. 5. When will people be able to return home? The reporter asked when people would be able to return home. 1. What are the tense changes in indirect speech? Present simple becomes past tense; Present continuous becomes past continuous; Past simple remains past simple o
7、r becomes past perfect; Present perfect becomes past perfect. 2. Which other words change? Time phrases. 3. What word is added when a yes/no question is reported? If. 引述某人的话可采用两种形式：一种是引述某人的话可采用两种形式：一种是 直接引语，即原封不动地引用原话，将直接引语，即原封不动地引用原话，将 其放在引号内；另一种是间接引语，即其放在引号内；另一种是间接引语，即 用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不用自己的话加以转述，被
8、转述的内容不 放在引号内。放在引号内。 陈陈述述句句由由that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通引导的宾语从句，引述动词通 常用常用ask, tell等等； 如如果直接引语讲的是客观事实或真理，变为果直接引语讲的是客观事实或真理，变为 间接引语时，时态不变。间接引语时，时态不变。 eg The teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 一一般疑问般疑问句句由由连词连词whether或或if引导的宾语引导的宾语 从句，其
9、主句谓语动词常用从句，其主句谓语动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等。等。 eg Mother asked me, “Have you finished your homework?” Mother asked me whether/if I had finished my homework. 选选择疑问择疑问句句由由whether . or引导的宾语从引导的宾语从 句。句。 eg “Are you going to Beijing or Shanghai for the holidays?” she asked. She asked me whether I was
10、going to Beijing or Shanghai for the holidays. 反反意疑问意疑问句句由由连词连词whether或或if引导的宾语从引导的宾语从 句。句。 eg “You dont like rock music, do you?” he said. He asked me whether/if I liked rock music. 特特殊疑问殊疑问句句由由连接代词或连接副词引导的连接代词或连接副词引导的 宾语从句。宾语从句。 eg “How many sleeping pills have you taken?” asked the nurse. The nur
11、se asked me how many sleeping pills I had taken. 表表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句变为示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句变为 间接引间接引语：语：suggest + doing或或ask/advise +宾宾 语语+动词不定动词不定式。式。 eg “What about starting early tomorrow morning?” Jack said. Jack suggested starting early tomorrow morning. “Why dont you take the rest of the day off?” a
12、sked my assistant. My assistant advised me to take the rest of the day off. 祈使祈使句句动动词词+宾语宾语+不定不定式。式。常常见引见引述动述动 词有词有tell, order, ask, warn。如如果祈果祈使句为否使句为否 定式，则定式，则在不定式前加在不定式前加not。 eg He said to Ann, “Tell me your problem.” He told Ann to tell him her problem. “Be careful with the dog, boys,” she said.
13、 She warned the boys to be careful with the dog. “Dont work in bed, Tom,” she said. She told Tom not to work in bed. 【注意注意】 1. 时态变化时态变化 如如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直 接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动 词在时态方面要做相应的变词在时态方面要做相应的变化。化。 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 现在进
14、行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 2. 人称变化人称变化 一一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新。新。 一一随随主：直主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的接引语中第一人称变为与主句的 主语相一致的人称。主语相一致的人称。 二二随随宾：直宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾 语（即听话人）相一致的人称。语（即听话人）相一致的人称。 第第三人称不更三人称不更新：直新：直接引语中第三人称变为接引语中第三人称变为 间接宾语时，人称不变。间接宾语时，人称不变。 3. 指
15、示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的 变化。变化。 直直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时 间状语、地点状语和某些动词通常要相应间状语、地点状语和某些动词通常要相应 变化。变化。 this - that ；these - those；now - then ； tonight - that night ；tomorrow - the next / following day；yesterday - the day before；here - there；come - go。 变化项目变化项目 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语
16、指示代词指示代词 this these 时间状语时间状语 now today, tonight this week/month that those then that day, that night that week / month 指示代词指示代词/时间状语时间状语/地点状语等的变化地点状语等的变化 yesterday ten days /weeksago tomorrow/next year. 地点状语地点状语 here 方向性方向性 动词动词 come bring the day before ten days before the next day/year there go ta
17、ke 注意：以注意：以上变上变化要根据实际情况而定，决不能化要根据实际情况而定，决不能 机械照搬。如果就在当天转述，机械照搬。如果就在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语不必改变；如果就在当地等时间状语不必改变；如果就在当地 转述，转述，here不必变为不必变为there。 4. 语序变化语序变化 直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要 把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 Do a survey on what your group members are doing to help the environm
18、ent and what else they can do. Then report to the class. Michelle I always use my cloth bag when I go shopping rather than use plastic bags. Jack I often walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi. Sally Dont print out documents unless really necessary. Joe Would it be best to share books with oth
19、ers? I asked my group members what they did to limit the amount of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives. Jack told me that he often walked or rode a bike instead of taking a taxi. Joe advised us to share books with others. Sally asked us 直接引直接引语语变变间间接引接引语需注意：语需注意： 1. 时态变化时态变化 2. 人称变化人称变化 3.
20、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动 词的变词的变化化 4. 语序变化语序变化 根根据示例，用括号内的词转述下面句子。据示例，用括号内的词转述下面句子。 Example: Anna to Janet: Dont forget to sign the form. (remind) Anna reminded Janet to sign the form. 1. Jack: Ill do my homework after class. (say) Jack said (that) he would do his homework after class. 2. Joh
21、n: Tom, were you playing football at this time yesterday? (ask) 3. Kate: What is your favorite book, Joe? (ask) John asked Tom if/whether he was playing football at that time the day before. Kate asked Joe what his favorite book was. 4. Sally: Lets go to see the film. (suggest) 5. Peter: Come to my
22、house at 8:30 tomorrow, Neil. (tell) 6. The teacher: Light travels faster than sound. (say) Sally suggested going to see the film. / Sally suggested that they (should) go to see the film. Peter told Neil to go to his house at 8:30 the next day. The teacher said (that) light travels faster than sound
23、. 将下面的直接引语变为间接引语。将下面的直接引语变为间接引语。 1. The hostess said to me, “Please put your coat in the washing machine.” The hostess asked me to put my coat in the washing machine. 2. The teacher said, “Come to school on time tomorrow, Tom.” The teacher told Tom to go to school on time the next day. 3. The doctor said to him, “Dont drink too much.” The doctor told him not to drink too much. 4. “Change your dirty uniform,” the boss said to the clerk. The boss ordered the clerk to change his dirty uniform. Finish Activity 2 in page 29. Make 5 sentences by using direct speech and indirect speech.
