1、Unit 2 Making a difference 教学教学知识细解码知识细解码 1contribute v贡献，处理，投稿 _ n贡献 2short adj.短的，不足的；矮的_ n短缺，不足， 缺乏 3effect n影响，效果，作用_ adj.有效的，产生 预期效果的 contribution shortage effective 4_v再利用，回收利用recycled adj.回收再利用的 5_ v挣(钱)earner n挣钱者 6_ v捐赠，捐献 donation n捐款，捐赠；捐赠物 7real adj.实际的，真实的 _n真实，现实 recycle earn donate re
2、ality 1contribution n捐款；定期缴款；贡献；促成作用；稿件 All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday. _ He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project. _ 稿件 贡献 These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing accidents. _ The factory still hands in monthly con
3、tributions for the laid- off workers. _ After he earned a large amount of money ， he made a contribution to charity. _ 促成作用 定期缴款 捐款 2well adv.很好地；充分地 adj.情况良好的；健康的 n.井 The conference was very well organized. _ The farmer dug a well in his backyard to get clean water. _ The surface must be well prepa
4、red before you start to paint. _ I dont feel very well so I dont go shopping with you. _ As we all know，all is well that ends well. _ 很好地 井 充分地 健康的 情况良好的 Words and Phrases 知识要点1 contribution n贡献；捐赠；投稿 (教材 P13) the contribution these people made to society 这些人 为社会所做出的贡献 例 1 All contributions will be
5、gratefully received. 我们对所有捐资表示感谢。 例 2 The school sees its job as preparing students to make a contribution to society. 这所学校以培养学生为社会做贡献为己任。 造句 他们在书中没有提及她的贡献。 _ They didnt mention her contribution in the book. 知识拓展 (1)make a contribution/contributions to 对做出贡献 (2)contribute v. 捐赠；捐献；贡献；促成；导致；投稿 contri
6、bute.to. 把捐献给；给投稿 contribute to. 做出贡献；有助于；导致 即学即练 单句语法填空 Overeating and lack of regular exercise easily contribute_ overweight and high blood pressure. We contributed 5，000_ the earthquake fund. to to 小片段填空 Many people _ money _ Project Hope ， which _ many children returning to school. A teacher wro
7、te an article about this and _ it to a newspaper.Such _ made us feel excited. 许多人给希望工程捐钱， 使许多孩子重返校园。 一位老师据此写 了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。这种捐献让我们很激动。 contributed to contributed to contributed contribution 知识要点2 relief n减轻，缓解 (教材 P13) The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been c
8、arefully washed and dried，is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed. 病人在仔细清洗和干燥皮肤后所感受到的宽慰和舒适程度， 是在 病床上最常见的观察结果之一。 例 1 Street music gives life to everyone who listens and offers relief from the care of the day. 但是街头音乐赋予了每位倾听者以活力， 让人们减轻了生活的烦 恼。 例 2 I felt great relief when I heard I had
9、passed the examination. 当我听说我考试通过的时候，我感到轻松多了。 造句 能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。 _ It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 知识拓展 to ones relief 使某人欣慰的是 relieve v. 解除，减轻 即学即练 单句语法填空 Much _ her relief，she saw the door open. She longed for something to _(relief)the tiredness of everyday life. to relie
10、ve 知识要点3 under control 在控制中；情况正常 (教材 P13) .its the best smile in the world；and theres nobody hurt，and the wells under control. 它是世界上美好的微笑；无人受伤并且油井得以控制。 例 1 If the current violence is to be brought under control，the government needs to act. 政府必须采取行动，才能使目前的暴力行为得到控制。 例 2 If our neighbor continues to re
11、fuse to keep his dog under control，we have to take him to court. 如果我们的邻居继续拒绝对他的狗加以控制， 我们就不得不控告 他了。 造句 幸运的是，消防员一来到大火就控制住了。 _ Luckily，the big fire was under control as soon as the firefighters came. 知识拓展 “undern.” 表示正在进行的动作或表示被动意义， 其中名词前 不用冠词。 under construction 正在建设中 under repair 在修理中 under discussio
12、n 在讨论中 under treatment 正在接受治疗 即学即练 单句语法填空 There are four underground lines in this city， and several lines are _construction. The question under_ (discuss)is about education of preschool children. under discussion 知识要点4 shortage n短缺，不足，缺乏 (教材 P14) Freshwater shortage(less than 1，000 m3/capita/year)
13、淡水短缺(不到 1 000 立方米/人/年) 例 1 There is no shortage of things to do in the town. 城里不愁找不到活儿干。 例 2 Shortage of hands has reduced our factorys yearly output. 人手不足已使我们厂的年产量减少。 造句 张先生似乎认为他的工厂存在劳动力不足的现象。 _ Mr Zhang seems to believe there is a shortage of workers. 知识拓展 short adj. 短的；不足的；矮的，低的 be short for 简称，缩
14、写 be short of 缺少 即学即练 单句语法填空 PRC is short_ the Peoples Republic of China. We are short of _(hand)right now. for hands 小片段填空 WHO _ World Health Organization，which is devoted to helping improve the worlds health condition.But now it _ enough experienced medical workers.And it also finds the _ of fresh
15、water made the living conditions worse in some countries. WHO 是世界卫生组织的简称，该组织主要致力于改善全世界的 健康状况。 但是现在它缺乏足够多有经验的医务人员。 并且它发现淡 水的缺乏使一些国家的生活条件更差。 is short for is short of shortage 知识要点5 earn vt.挣(钱) (教材 P14) At first，his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.起初，他的计划是赚些钱在非洲某个地方打
16、一口井。 例 1 How much does a cook earn in your country? 在你们国家，一位厨师能挣多少钱？ 例 2 I want to earn a lot of money when I grow up. 长大后，我想挣大钱。 造句 他工作很努力，但钱赚得不多。 _ He works hard，but he does not earn much money. 知识拓展 earn moneymake money 挣钱 earn ones/a living 谋生 earn ones fame/a reputation 赢得名声 即学即练 单句语法填空 How doe
17、s she earn _(she) living after she left her family? He_(earn) a good reputation as a teacher since he graduated. her has earned 小片段填空 After graduating from college，he decided to be a doctor in a small mountain village.Although he didnt _， he _ _ among the villagers.At first， his parents wondered how
18、 he _ on such little money but gradually they understood him. 大学毕业后，他决定去一个小山村当医生。尽管挣钱不多，但是 他在村民中声誉很好。开始他的父母很疑惑他靠那一点钱怎么谋生， 但是逐渐地他们理解了他。 earn much money earned a great reputation earned his living 知识要点6 give up 放弃，停止 (教材 P15) Two thousand dollars was a lot of money，but Ryan didnt give up. 两千美元是一大笔钱，但是
19、瑞恩没有放弃。 例 1 The following are some ideas to help people to give up smoking. 下面是一些帮助人们戒烟的方法。 例 2 She will give up this journey if the weather isnt so satisfying. 如果天气不那么让人满意，她将放弃这次旅行。 造句 没有人能让他放弃他当篮球运动员的梦想。 _ No one can make him give up his dream of becoming a basketball player. 知识拓展 give in (to) 屈服(
20、于) give out 分发；用光；放出 give away 赠送；泄露 即学即练 单句语法填空 Can you give _the papers to the students present，please? If a person has not had enough sleep，his action will give him _ during the day. out away 知识要点7 break into a smile 突然笑起来 (教材 P15) He broke into a joyful smile. 他突然开心地笑了起来。 例 1 He is always seriou
21、s and it is very hard to make him break into a smile. 他总是很严肃，很难让他突然笑起来。 例 2 While reading a storybook，the young girl broke into a smile suddenly. 读故事书的时候，小女孩突然笑了起来。 造句 这名学生往教室跑着，突然大笑了起来。 _ The student broke into a big smile as she came to her classroom. 知识拓展 break into 破门而入；强行闯入 break down 出故障；垮掉 br
22、eak out 爆发；突然发生 即学即练 单句语法填空 Our car broke _ on the way and whats worse，it was getting dark. His home _ (break) into last night and he lost his new bike. down was broken Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 have trouble (in)doing sth.在方面有困难； 做某 事费力 (教材 P14) As a six- year- old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble
23、believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldnt get enough clean water. 当瑞恩还是一个 6 岁的加拿大小学生时， 他很难相信他的老师所 说的非洲发展中国家的许多人得不到足够的清洁水的话。 句式分析：该句是一个复合句。the words 后面的部分是过去分 词作定语，其中的 that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 words 的内容。该 句主句的句式是 have trouble (in) doing sth.，表示做某事有困难。
24、 例 1 We had a lot of trouble in finding your home. 我们费了好大的劲儿才找到你家。 例 2 I have great trouble remembering all these numbers in a short time. 短时间内记住这所有的数字很费劲。 造句 我知道我想说什么，但我觉得难以向别人表达清楚。 _ _ I know what I want to say but I have trouble (in) expressing it clearly to others. 知识拓展 have much/some/little/no
25、difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth. 做有很大/一些/很少/没有困难 have difficulty/trouble/problem with sth. 在方面有困难 have a hard/good time (in) doing sth. 做某事经历困难/愉快的时光 翻译 The students _(有困难) this type of sentence. We _(很开心) in playing tennis. have great difficulty with had a good time 即学即练 单句语法填空 The childr
26、en are having fun in _ (play) hide- and- seek. You cant imagine the trouble we had _ (finish) the work ahead of time. playing finishing 重点句式2 so.that.如此以至于 (教材 P14) And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick? 为什么水如此脏以至于使他们生病？ 句式分析：该句是一个复合句。 so 为副词，修饰形容词 dirty； that 为连词，引导结果状语从句。 例 1 The t
27、eacher explained the English grammar so clearly that even I could understand it. 老师把英语语法解释的如此清晰，以至于甚至我都能听明白。 例 2 I was so excited that I could not speak. 我很激动以至于说不出话来了。 造句 他今天早晨起得早，因此比其他所有同学早到校。 _ _ He got up so early this morning that he got to school ahead of all the other classmates. 知识拓展 (1)so a
28、dj./adv. adj.a（n）n. many/much/few/little（少）n. that- clause (2)such a（n）adj.可数名词单数 adj.可数名词复数 adj.不可数名词 that- clause 翻译 He told us_(这么有趣的一个故事) that we all laughed. He told us_(这么有趣的一个故事) that we all laughed. so interesting a story such an interesting story 即学即练 单句语法填空 The stone is so_(heavily) that I
29、 cant lift it up. They are _little children that they cant do anything. heavy such (教材 P14) He soon reached his first target of $70，but when he gave the money to a charity，he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well. 分析 此句为 but 连接的并列复合句。 but 前面是一个主谓宾结 构的分句；后面的分句是一个主从复合句，when 引导的是时间状语 从句
30、；he was told 后面是 that 引导的宾语从句。 译文 他很快就实现了第一个 70 美元的目标，但当他把钱捐 给慈善机构时，他被告知打一口井实际上需要 2 000 美元。 教材 高考 1.the contribution these people made to society (2018 全国卷) .old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas
31、 emissions. 2.The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried，is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed. (2018 江苏卷) There was no cure，only pain relief. 3.This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six- year- old boy w
32、ho had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. (2017 全国卷) But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. .单句语法填空 1These reforms made great _(contribution) to the stability of the economy. 2To her _(relieve)，her husband came home safe and
33、sound at last. contributions relief 3 Training didnt result in good results and was much _ (effective)than expected. 4There is no heating available due to fuel _(shortage) 5Jack and his wife _ (donate) many of their used clothes to a charity. 6 We had great trouble making him _ (understand) what we
34、taught him. less effective shortages donated understand 7He really made_great difference to the world by his own efforts. 8So many people in the village benefited _ the volunteers timely help. 9We could see the _ (delight) workers jumping happily with the salary in hand. 10The water here was so dirt
35、y _ even the animals didnt want to drink. a from delighted that .短语填空 give up； be determined to； make a contribution； turn out； be grateful to；benefit from；at the same time；under control；make a difference； rise to ones feet 1Many people in the world _ the arrival of 5G till now. 2When the hero arriv
36、ed home，the whole village _ to greet him. have benefited from turned out 3 No one could help you _ smoking unless you are willing to. 4We should _whoever helped us on our way to success. 5 Once he _ quit his job， no one could change him. 6We will never forget the people who _ to society. give up be
37、grateful to was determined to made a contribution 7He left his office suddenly._，his cellphone powered off. 8When the teacher asked him to answer the question，he _ _ 9I think we should all work for peace.Each of us can _ _ 10 If you have diabetes， remember to keep your blood sugar_ _ At the same tim
38、e rose to his feet make a difference under control .课文语法填空 Ryan is a 1._ (Canada) schoolboy who wanted to make 2._ difference for the world.After learning the news of freshwater 3._ (short) in African countries，he made his plan 4._ (earn) money to build a well.He cleaned windows 5._ did gardening fo
39、r others and finally got enough money with the help of people around him.In Uganda he saw the well and many 6._(delight) students. 7._(late)，his experience led him 8._ (set)up a foundation to help more people.9._ Ryan did really inspire more people to make their dreams a 10._(real) Canadian a shortage to earn and delighted Later to set What reality
