2021版外研版必修三英语二轮复习第7课时 it的用法（一）讲练.zip

第第 7 课时课时 It 的用法（一）的用法（一） Part 1 知识精讲知识精讲 it 作为代词用法非常灵活，其用法可分为以下几类：可用于代替上文中提到的那一个事物，代替上文中说 到的一件事，代替不知情的人(尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人)。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计 算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。 1. 用作人称代词，代替上文提到过的人或事物或整个句子所表述的事实。用作人称代词，代替上文提到过的人或事物或整个句子所表述的事实。 (1) We bought a new house but it will need much work before we can move in.（指 ） 我们买了一所新房子但搬进去之前还需要很多工作。 (2) Tom has failed in the exam. Have you heard about it? (指 ) 汤姆考试没及格。你听说了吗? (3) Who is making such a noise? It must be the children. (代替 ) 谁制造的噪音?肯定是那些孩子。 2. 表示天气、时间、季节、距离、环境、自然现象、重量、金钱等。表示天气、时间、季节、距离、环境、自然现象、重量、金钱等。 (1) Its time to get up. (指 ) 到起床的时间了。 (2) Its going to snow. (指 ) (天)要下雪了。 (3) It is a long way from my school to the hospital. (指 ） 从我的学校到医院(距离)很远。 (4) Whats it like in the army these days? (指代 ) 现在军队里的生活怎么样？ 3. 作形式主语作形式主语 当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，通常把它们置于句末作真正的主语，而使用 it 作形式主语。 (1)It seems impossible .(真正主语是不定式短语) 似乎按时完成这项工作是不可能的。 (2)It wont be easy .(真正主语是动名词短语) 寻找回家的路不容易。 (3)It is said .(真正主语是主语从句) 据说他明天去北京。 知识拓展知识拓展 it 作形式主语的常见句型：作形式主语的常见句型： (1)It is + 形容词 (good/kind/clever/stupid/easy/hard/difficult, etc. ) + of/for sb. + to do sth. (2)It is + 形容词 (important/necessary/possible/natural/strange, etc.) + that + sb + (should)+ do sth.(虚拟语气） (3) It is no use/good (useless/senseless/dangerous/worthwhile/a waste/fun, etc.) +doing sth. (4) It is said (reported/announced/(well-)known/believed/hoped/expected, etc.) + that. (5) It is+名词(词组)( a pity/a shame/an honor/a fact/no wonder, etc.) + that 从句 Its very kind you to help me.你能帮助我真是太好了。 It is strange that .她竟然偷钱了，真是奇怪。 Its no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。 It is said .据说她已经通过考试了。 Its a pity .你错过了这么令人兴奋的足球比赛，真遗憾。 提示: it 作形式主语没有具体的意义，只是把真正的主语移至句子的后面，避免头重脚轻。 4. 作形式宾语作形式宾语 (1)用于“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时， 常使用 it 作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。 I think important to keep calm. 我认为我们应该保持冷静，这很重要。 I feel it my duty .我感到致力于教学是我的责任。 I make it a rule that I read English every morning.每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。 (2)用于“主语+及物动词+宾语”句型中：有些动词或动词短语不能直接跟 that 引导的宾语从句，需要在从句 前先加上形式宾语 it。如 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make (按时到达，成功), have (表明，坚持说), take (认为，猜想), hide (隐瞒), publish (公布), put (表达，写出来)等。 I that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.我认为你会很快离开上海。 The report that no one the accident.报告表明没有人要对这次意外负责。 We that we had finished the project .我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。 Part 2 课后检测课后检测 I.词汇拼写词汇拼写 1. In our city, the shops were not allowed to sell __________ (香烟) to students. 2. There are no lengths to which an __________ (上瘾的) person will not go to obtain his drug. 3. Im __________ (惭愧的) to say I havent been to church for three years. 4. His increasing financial difficulties forced him to take __________ (拼命的) measures. 5. Nowadays many supermarket doors can shut __________ (自动地). 6. The hall is silent; people were listening to him __________ (屏息静气). 7. You will soon get __________ (习惯) to the climate here. 8. He got his present job when he __________ (离开) the army. 9. He was having a really __________ (困难) time at work. 10. Her position in the party has __________ (加强) in recent weeks. II. 单句语法填空 1. Susan made __________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 2. Id appreciate __________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 3. An average of just 18cm of rain fell last year, making__________driest year since 1850. 4. Whats the problem__________the method? 5. She became addicted__________online shopping. 6. If you start to feel nervous or stressed, dont reach__________cigarettes. 7. Has Mary decided__________a date for the wedding? 8. In spite__________the danger, the police still rushed in. 9. Eating too much fat has a bad effect__________our body. 10. He has become accustomed__________living in the mountain village. 11.__________(accustom) to living in the countryside，Mr King found it hard to live in the city. 12.Things can easily go wrong when people are__________stress. 13.__________is a shame that a good student should do something like that. 14.He got well-prepared for the job interview，for he couldnt risk__________(lose) the good opportunity. 15.Cigarette advertising should__________(ban) because smoking is bad for our health. 16.It is said that those who are__________(stress) or working overtime are likely to put on weight. 17.The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left__________I could ask for their names. 18.His son，as well as many other American kids，is addicted to__________(surf) the Internet. 19.Professor Smith is due__________(give) us a lecture at eight tomorrow morning. 20.He only gave an__________(embarrass) smile when I spilled the water onto him. III.语法填空 (基础篇) People love the view of old buildings in Paris, especially Notre Dame Cathedral (巴黎圣母院). 1. (fortunate), on April 16, a fire destroyed the spire (尖顶)of the 850-year-old cathedral, and two-thirds of the roof. Flames could be seen 2. (rise) through the top of the monument. The citizens in Paris gathered around the cathedral, praying 3. the hundreds of firefighters who fought the flames. 4. was no wonder that people felt sad. The church itself after all, is a historical and artistic treasure. 5. (build) in 1163, it is one of the worlds most famous tourist sites, attracting about 12 million 6. (visit) every year. Notre Dame Cathedral is home to many 7. (religion) artworks, paintings and sculptures. Despite its long history and many treasures, the cathedral 8. (need) the help of a writer to become truly famous. Victor Hugos 1831 novel, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, presented the building to 9 wide audience of readers. He wrote the book to remind people of it, with the hope 10. they would protect the beautiful old buildings of Paris. (提高篇) Now that summer is finally here, families are preparing for 1. they expect to be a great vacation away from the daily routines. While this once 2. (mean) getting outside and enjoying life, more people are remaining indoors thanks to smart phones and many other modern conveniences. Anyway, 3. is time to get outside to experience summer together with fun family activities. For example, hit the bike paths. Statistics consistently show that half of 4. (child) prefer riding bicycles to playing on computers or smart phones 5. (consider) the fact that kids are being constantly introduced to digital technology at younger ages, this statistic may seem a little surprising.6. (fortunate), this doesnt change the fact that bicycle riding is a fun, healthy, and outdoor activity 7. can be enjoyed within the whole family. Another great family activity getting everyone outside and to enjoy nature is gardening. In addition 8. burning hundreds of calories without traditional exercise, it gives both kids and adults a sense of 9. (achieve) when their hard work pays off. After enjoying some of these summer activities, you might just find your family eager 10. (stay) in the great outdoors. IV.阅读理解 (基础篇) If you make a list of the worlds top ten most challenging jobs, chances are that being a teacher will not make the cut. But think about the discouraging task millions of educators face each day as they try to shape a group of often bad-tempered, wild kids into intelligent, well-rounded individuals. That surely has to be the toughest job in the world, especially given that there is no promotion or bonus awaiting them even if they are wildly successful! What if these all-important individuals that we often take for granted disappear from our lives? That was what Project Ed and Participant Medias Teach campaign asked filmmakers of all ages to imagine in their recently-held competition. Entitled “A World Without Teachers”, its purpose was to inspire more young people to become teachers. However, the 62 amazing video submissions also serve as a reminder of how horrible things would be if we didnt have these selfless individuals guiding us through life. What was interesting is that even the youngest participants did not appear to be happy at the idea of not having anybody telling them what to do. High-school student Savannah Wakefield reflected if art as we know it today would have been different without teachers. Would Monet have discovered his talent for impressionism? Los Angeles-based Miles Horst, who won the 1,000 USD prize for the best adult submission imagines a world where teachers are replaced by a “brain box” in his fun lively entry. Youth category winner Marina Barhams video represents a fact we all know but often forget. Teachers dont just teach, they inspire-something that no electronic device, no matter how smart, can do! So the next time you think your teacher is being “mean” for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine a life without him/her. We have a feeling it will not appear as rosy! 1. What is the text mainly about? A. The significance of teachers. B. The campaign to promote teachers status. C. A survey of peoples views about teachers. D. A competition to win the prize for the best teacher. 2. From the passage we can learn that______. A. teaching naughty kids is a very discouraging task. B. being a teacher is one of the most challenging jobs in the world. C. a successful teacher has the greatest chance to be promoted. D. teachers have little influence on kids individual development. 3. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 suggest? A. Teaching is quite different from other jobs. B. The future of teachers work appears inspiring. C. A world without teachers will be unimaginable. D. Many people attach more importance to teaching. (提升篇) When the natural climate changes due to global warming, it can surely affect seals.The majority of them live in the Antarctic region so as the ice is melting,their natural habitat can be seriously affected. These changes dont take place overnight. They can be the result of many years of additional temperatures in the area. The seals then have to find ways to adapt. Seals depend on the cool air currents to bring plenty of food for them.When the temperatures get higher, there is less and less food and the seal population starts to shrink.Mothers arent healthy enough to feed their babies. Many of them end up abandoned as the mothers have to leave to find their own source of food. The fact that their desire to produce young can be changed by the warmer temperatures is frightening too. It is also believed that the warmer temperatures can allow different diseases and viruses to attack the seals. This is a huge concern as they can rapidly wipe out huge numbers of seals out there. However, these changes in climate and temperature arent all bad for other species of seals. Scientists have found that those living in warmer climates are producing more young due to the changes. Research also shows that the females are moving further to find food and water. When they are out of the reach of the governing males, they are more willing to accept the moves of other males in the group. This is good news too because it means that there will be more selection in the gene pool(基因库) for future generations. It can help the seals as a species adapt to change in their natural environment more easily. The climate change problem for seals is directly linked to humans. When we take action to change what we let out into the environment, we will make positive changes for the seals. However, it is going to take a very long time to reverse (彻底改变) the effects of what has already been done. 1.What does the author regard climate changes for seals as? A.A double-edged sword. B.An unavoidable disaster for existence. C.A mirror of evolution. D.A requirement for more choices in the gene pool. 2.What will happen to the seals in warmer climates? A.Their number will be on the increase. B.The female seals will be in the lead. C.Their genes will change a great deal. D.The females will keep away from the males. 3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.The Importance of Protecting Seals B.Seals Adaptation to Climate Change C.How Climate Change Affects Seals D.Why Are Seals Becoming Less and Less V. 完形填空 (基础篇) Mothers Day 2016 was the last time that all my three kids would be at home. I was 1 a memorable Mothers Day. That morning, I got up early and left for 2 . The boys and I were going 3 , so I expected the break. I entered the office after my class, 4 the crowd for their faces. I didnt find the boys, but I wasnt too worried 5 their classes often ran late. I found a row with plenty of room for all four of us, 6 seats for my children. The longer I sat there, the more 7 and angrier I got. How could they 8 their mother on this day? I couldnt 9 my work, only on how Id been wronged. 10 the last class in the morning ended, I could hardly wait to get home and give them a piece of my mind. Arriving home, I noticed a pile of roses on the ground. They were the 11 of a track made of fresh flowers, which led to our house. As I 12 the flowers, the door opened and three 13 faces greeted me. They let me see what theyd been working on all 14 . 15 the entire floor were the words：“Happy Mothers Day. We Love You. ” They were spelled out with 16 . The space was 17 with flowers. Theyd worked all morning. Gathering the fresh flowers and 18 them into a surprise message. I immediately realized Id been much too hurried in my 19 of the situation. In fact, theyd spent their time sending a 20 to show how much they really cared about me. 1Aallowing BrealizingCexpecting D. declaring 2Achurch BschoolChospitalD. factory 3Aseparately BcompletelyCactuallyD. sincerely 4Aasking B1eavingCcallingD. searching 5Abecause BthoughCuntil D. once 6Achanging Bchoosing CsavingD. marking 7Aconfident BabsurdCguiltyDhurt 8Acheat BignoreCconsumeDfrighten 9Afocus on Bthrow awayCcut down Dfigure out 10AEvery timeBAll the timeCAt the timeDBy the time 11AintroductionBrequirementCbeginning D. ending 12Afollowed Bselected Csmelled D. picked 13Ashouting Bsmiling Cflying D. running 14Aday Bnight Cafternoon D. morning 15AFurnishing BTransforming CCovering D. Replacing 16Abooks Bflowers Chardship D. effort 17Aopen Btasty Cprecious D. alive 18Apushing Btricking Carranging D. urging 19Aimpression Bjudgement Cimprovement D. explanation 20Amessage Bword C1etterDpromise (提升篇) I bought a guitar for my husband on his last birthday. The girl was quite 1 about the present. It was supposed to be kind of a 2 because my husbandwho didnt 3 know how to hold a guitarhad asked me to buy one for him several times.But I knew that he didnt really 4 I ever would. He showed his 5 , then packed it up and 6 put it away while the girl was disappointed 7 she didnt get a tryout. Several weeks later, he 8 his guitar out on a Saturday evening and got on the YouTube to find out how to tune it. I 9 the strumming (漫不经心的弹奏) of guitar strings. The guitar strums must really sound 10 to someone who heard it from outside. But I was not about to be the one to tell my husband that it was 11 for him to wait until daybreak to explore his newly found passion. 12 , I bought the guitar for him. Just after I had decided to 13 it, he walked out of the bedroom