1、Word Study（1） congratulations祝贺，庆贺 1. congratulation n祝贺；贺词祝贺；贺词 congratulate v congratulate sb on sth 因某事祝贺某人 Congratulations to you on your success in the examination. 2.assume v assumption n make an assumption 作出假设作出假设 It is assumed that It is assumed that stress is caused by too much work. assum
2、ing conj 假设 _ that it is true , what should we do now? 3.do wonders no wonder 难怪 It is no wonder that .难怪 A: He past the exam. B: It is no wonder that he looks so happy. 他考试通过了？怪不得他看上去这么高兴。 4.tend tend to do 往往做某事 women tends to live longer than men. tend to / towards 趋向于 His views tend to the extre
3、me. tend to sb 照顾照料某人 She is tending (to) her sick mother at home. 她正在家里照顾生病的母亲。她正在家里照顾生病的母亲。 tendency n 趋向，倾向 6.moreover 此外而且 in addition besides whats more It was, moreover, a waste of time. 此外，那是浪费时间。 7.reduce reduce to=decrease to reduce by =decrease by 反义词 increase we have a 40-hour work week t
4、hat we can reduce to 20 hours. 我们一周工作40个小时，现在可以减到20小 时。 8.stretch v. 伸展 n.伸展 stretch out伸展 stretch oneself 伸懒腰 After a long work, he stretched himself. 长时间工作后，他伸了个懒腰。 9.range n. 范围，界限，区间 a range of 一系列的 range from-to-从-到-之间 Employees can range from age 22 to 70 in this company. 员工的年龄从22到70 之间。 The n
5、ational park has a large collection of wildlife， ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants. 10.stick with stick to 过去式stuck 过去分词stuck If you are in a job that keeps you busy, stick with it. 如果你所做的工作能让你很忙，坚持下去。 11.energy n 精力，力量， 能源 full of energy 精力充沛 energetic adj Young people usually have more
6、 enery than the old. 青年人通常比老年人精力充沛。 on average _， children need 10 hours for sleeping. 孩子平均需要10个小时的睡眠。 We received 30 calls a day on average. 我们平均每天接到30个电话。 above average / below average average 12 . 13.make up for 弥补；补偿 make up 编造，捏造，化妆，和解，组成 make out 分辨；理解，明白 make it 准时到达；获得成功 make the most of 充分利
7、用 make full use of 充分利用 Money couldnt make up for all that Tom had suffered in the past years. 金钱弥补不了Tom几年来遭受的痛苦。 14. injury n 伤害 injure v 使-受伤 injured adj 受伤的 He saved the little injured dog. 他救了受伤的小狗。 15. prevent vt.阻止，阻碍 prevent / stop/ ban/ forbid/ ban/ discourage sb (from)doing sth 阻止某人做某事 keep
8、 sb from doing 不可省略 prevention n 预防 防范 We should prevent the children swimming in the river. 我们应该阻止孩子们在河里游泳。 16.equipment不可数名词 一件设备 a piece of equipment 许多设备 a lot of equipment be equipped with配有 17. lack vt&n缺乏 lacking adj.缺乏的 a lack of 缺乏 ，匮乏 A lack of food made people suffer. 食物的匮乏使人们很痛苦。 18. ann
9、ounce v 宣布，宣告 n announcement 宣告 公告 It is announced that It is announced that we will go picnic this weekend. 据报道我们本周末去野餐。 18. in response to 对-做出回应 The meeting was called in response to a request from England. 应英国的要求召开了此次大会。 v. respond 回应，回答。 19. replace vt. 用-替代，代替 replace A with B 用B替代A They are replacing the old windows with double glazing. 他们正在用双层玻璃窗替换旧玻璃。 n replacement 更换 替换 take the place of 取代，替代 Thanks for listening
