1、【高中语法】 词汇知识 英语英语语法框框架架 语法知识 语音 音素 音节 五种语音现象 句法 词法 九大词类动词 词汇搭配 时态 两大语态 三类非谓语动词 并列句 复 合句 特殊句式 主谓一 致 八种句子成分 四类句子 五种简单句 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 词汇搭词汇搭配配 CONTENTS 01 九大词九大词类类 Nine Word Classes 词类词类Word Classes 考察重点考察重点 (1) 近义词近义词:意思相近,但存在细微的语义差别或用法上有 区别的词。如, look, see, watch wage, salary, income, pay accept, rec
2、eive complete, finish effect, affect, influence 考察重点考察重点 (2) 近形词近形词:词形相似,但意思不同的词。如, abroad, aboard angel, angle diary, dairy desert, dessert, dissert campaign, champion, champagne 考察重点考察重点 备考小贴士备考小贴士: 1.使用多种权威的全英词典 (Oxford, Merriam-Webster, Longman etc.) 查单词用法,对比例句。 如,enough vs. adequate enough as m
3、uch or as many as required: There was just enough room for two cars. adequate satisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity: This office is perfectly adequate for my needs 考察重点考察重点 备考小贴士备考小贴士: 2. 根据构词法区分词义。 如, context vs. contest con- with; together; jointly; altogether textn. 文本;课文 context n. 上
4、下文 testv. any C. to; any other 【解析】in表示“在范围内,“在之中”。on表示“与毗 邻,接壤,在之上”强调和表面接触,to表示方位,不接壤。 第二个空any other意为“其他任何一个”,即同一范围内一个与去其 他剩余的相比较。 B. in; any D. in; any other 真题解析真题解析 Taiwan lies the east of Fujian and is larger than island in China. A. to; any C. to; any other 【解析】in表示“在范围内,“在之中”。on表示“与毗 邻,接壤,在之
5、上”强调和表面接触,to表示方位,不接壤。 第二个空any other意为“其他任何一个”,即同一范围内一个与去其 他剩余的相比较。 C B. in; any D. in; any other 真题解析真题解析 冠词冠词 冠词 (article)是英语中最小的词类,本身不能独立使用,只能放在 名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。 冠词定冠词:the特指I love the diamond. 零冠词 不定冠词:a/an泛指(单数)He gave me a diamond. 泛指(复数、不可数)Diamonds are a girls best friend. 冠词冠词 定冠词的特殊用法: (1)
6、世界上独一无二的事物:the sun, the world, the sky (2) 部分专有名词前:the United States, the Great Wall (3) 江河、海洋、山脉等名称前:the Thames, the Alps (4) 乐器前:the piano, the guitar 冠词冠词 零冠词的特殊用法: (1) 部分专有名词前:China, April, Monday (2) 零冠词时含义不同(多表抽象意义):at school, go to bed (3) 与by连用的交通工具前:by car, by taxi (4) 三餐、球类、娱乐运动前:have brea
7、kfast, play basketball (5) 平行结构前: day and night, without pen or pencil can fly very high in sky. A. The bird; the C. Birds; the B. The bird; / D. Birds; / 【解析】“不定冠词+单数名词”或单个复数名词可表示一类,这 里birds指的是鸟类,表示泛指,不加定冠词;sky是世界上独一无 二的事物,前面用定冠词the修饰。 真题解析真题解析 can fly very high in sky. A. The bird; the C. Birds; t
8、he B. The bird; / D. Birds; / 【解析】“不定冠词+单数名词”或单个复数名词可表示一类,这 里birds指的是鸟类,表示泛指,不加定冠词;sky是世界上独一无 二的事物,前面用定冠词the修饰。 C 真题解析真题解析 Of the people who work here, are French and English. A. halfhalf C. a halfa half B. the halfthe half D. a halfthe half 【解析】本句意思是,在这儿工作的人中,一半是法国人,一半是 英国人。前边of限定了所说人的范围,故此处代词half要
9、有定冠词 the修饰。正确答案为B项。 真题解析真题解析 Of the people who work here, are French and English. A. halfhalf C. a halfa half B. the halfthe half D. a halfthe half 【解析】本句意思是,在这儿工作的人中,一半是法国人,一半是 英国人。前边of限定了所说人的范围,故此处代词half要有定冠词 the修饰。正确答案为B项。 B 真题解析真题解析 A. The C. A B. D. An 【解析】River Ganges“恒河”,它属于江河湖海这一类名词,前 面要加定冠词
10、the。故选A。 _ River Ganges is the most sacred river to Hindus and is also a lifeline to millions of Indians who live along its course and depend on it for their daily needs. 真题解析真题解析 A. The C. A B. D. An 【解析】River Ganges“恒河”,它属于江河湖海这一类名词,前 面要加定冠词the。故选A。 A River Ganges is the most sacred river to Hindu
11、s and is also a lifeline to millions of Indians who live along its course and depend on it for their daily needs. 真题解析真题解析 连词连词 连词 (conjunction) 是把其他单词、短语或从句联系在一起的词。 They kissed and said goodbye. Hurry up, or youll be late. I was tired, so I went to bed earlier. If the applicance is defective, write
12、 directly to the manufacturer complain to your local consumer protection association. A. thenB. orC. butD. though 【解析】根据句子逻辑和句意,要用表示选择关系的连词or。 句意:如果这个设备有缺陷,可以直接写信给制造商,或向当地的消 费者保护协会投诉。 真题解析真题解析 If the applicance is defective, write directly to the manufacturer Bcomplain to your local consumer protect
13、ion association. A. thenB. orC. butD. though 【解析】根据句子逻辑和句意,要用表示选择关系的连词or。 句意:如果这个设备有缺陷,可以直接写信给制造商,或向当地的消 费者保护协会投诉。 真题解析真题解析 A. or C. and B. then D. but 【解析】句意:你可以睡在休息厅的沙发上, 你也可以去附近的 旅馆。可知,句子前后应该用能表达选择关系的连词。 You can sleep on the couch in the lounge you can go to a nearly hotel. 真题解析真题解析 A. or C. and
14、B. then D. but 【解析】句意:你可以睡在休息厅的沙发上, 你也可以去附近的 旅 馆。可知,句子前后应该用能表达选择关系的连词。 You can sleep on the couch in the lounge A you can go to a nearly hotel. 真题解析真题解析 A. As C. Since B. While D. Although 【解析】句意为“凯利喜欢唱歌, 她的双胞胎妹妹喜欢跳 舞”。while在此作连词,表示对比,意为“然而”。故选B。 Kelly likes to sing, her twin sister prefers to dance
15、. 真题解析真题解析 A. As C. Since B. While D. Although 【解析】句意为“凯利喜欢唱歌, 她的双胞胎妹妹喜欢跳 舞”。 while在此作连词,表示对比,意为“然而”。故选B。 B Kelly likes to sing, her twin sister prefers to dance. 真题解析真题解析 代词代词 代词 (pronoun) 是代替名词或名词短语的词。 代词 人称代词,如 I, me 物主代词,如 my, mine 反身代词,如 myself 指示代 词,如 this 疑问代词,如 who 不定代词,如 some, someone I loo
16、k back on this pleasant holiday in Beijing with pleasure. A. anything but C. everything but B. all but D. nothing but 【解析】anything but:绝不,根本不;all but:几乎,差不多, 除.外全都;everything but:除了.之外的一切事物,不会是.; nothing but:除外,什么也没有,只有。 句意:我回顾北京这个愉快的假期,只有快乐。 真题解析真题解析 I look back on this pleasant holiday in Beijing
17、with pleasure. A. anything but C. everything but B. all but D. nothing but 【解析】anything but:绝不,根本不;all but:几乎,差不多, 除.外全都;everything but:除了.之外的一切事物,不会是.; nothing but:除外,什么也没有,只有。 句意:我回顾北京这个愉快的假期,只有快乐。 D 真题解析真题解析 A. one C. this B. it D. that 【解析】one可以代替与前面同类不同一的实物,表示泛指,相当 于a/an+名词。 Are you going to ge
18、t your own car after the test? My parents have said theyll get for me. 模拟题解析模拟题解析 A. one C. this B. it D. that 【解析】one可以代替与前面同类不同一的实物,表示泛指,相当 于a/an+名词。 Are you going to get your own car after the test? My parents have said theyll get Afor me. 模拟题解析模拟题解析 数词数词Numeral 数词 (numeral) 是表数量,序列,频率,或分数的词。 A.
19、Seventh-nine C. Seven-ninth B. Sevenths-nine D. Seven-ninths 【解析】分数的表达方式应该是,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。 当分子大于1时,分母序数词用复数形式。 Which of the following shows how the fraction “7/9” reads in English? 真题解析真题解析 A. Seventh-nine C. Seven-ninth B. Sevenths-nine D. Seven-ninths 【解析】分数的表达方式应该是,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。 当分子大于1时,分母序数词用复数
20、形式。 Which of the following shows how the fraction “7/9”D reads in English? 真题解析真题解析 What is the correct way to read the decimal “106.16”in English? A. One hundred and six point one six B. One hundred and six point sixteen C. One hundred and six points one six D. One hundred and six points sixteen 【解
21、析】小数点之后的数字要一个一个读出来,之前的数字按照正 常的顺序来读。 真题解析真题解析 What is the correct way to read the decimal “106.16”in English? A. One hundred and six point one six B. One hundred and six point sixteen C. One hundred and six points one six D. One hundred and six points sixteen 【解析】小数点之后的数字要一个一个读出来,之前的数字按照正 常的顺序来读。 A 真
22、题解析真题解析 02 搭搭配配 Collocation 动词短语动词短语 介词短语介词短语 习惯搭习惯搭配配 动词短语动词短语 动词短语:以动词为中心的固定搭配,作为一个整体来使用。 动词短语 动词 + 介词 动词 + 副词 动词 + 副词 + 介词 动词 + 名词 动词 + 名词 + 介词 be + 形容词 + 介词 动词短语动词短语 (1) 动词 + 介词:相当于一个及物动词。 hear from Tom look after the children depend on you A. delivered on C. forgotten about B. eaten off D. abid
23、ed by 【解析】deliver on“履行诺言,兑现”;eat off“吃掉,腐蚀掉”; forget about“忘记”;abide by“遵守,遵循(法律、协议、协定 等)”。句意:我不信任他,因为他从来没履行过他那些华而不实的 (grandiose) 承诺。 We have no trust in him because he has never the grandiose promises he makes. 真题解析真题解析 A. delivered on C. forgotten about B. eaten off D. abided by 【解析】deliver on“履行
24、诺言,兑现”;eat off“吃掉,腐蚀掉”; forget about“忘记”;abide by“遵守,遵循(法律、协议、协定 等)”。句意:我不信任他,因为他从来没履行过他那些华而不实的 (grandiose) 承诺。 We have no trust in him because he has never A the grandiose promises he makes. 真题解析真题解析 A. pulled down C. pulled off B. pulled on D. pulled in 【解析】句意为“当火车 ,学校所有的学生都惊讶地看到 Carlisle队只有一个男生”。
25、pull down“拆毁,毁坏”,pull on“牵, 拉”,pull off“做成某事”,pull in“(指火车)进站”。 When the train , all the school students were surprised to see that the Carlisle team had one man only. 真题解析真题解析 A. pulled down C. pulled off B. pulled on D. pulled in 【解析】句意为“当火车 ,学校所有的学生都惊讶地看到 Carlisle队只有一个男生”。pull down“拆毁,毁坏”,pull on
26、“牵, 拉”,pull off“做成某事”,pull in“(指火车)进站”。 When the train D, all the school students were surprised to see that the Carlisle team had one man only. 真题解析真题解析 动词短语动词短语 (2) 动词 + 副词: 相当于一个及物动词 She brought up four children. 相当于不及物动词 Something unexpected has turned up. 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词 I gave up. I gave up th
27、e opportunity. A. broke up C. broke down B. broke out D. broke in 【解析】break down意为“情绪失控(痛哭起来)”,符合此处句意。 break up意为“分手”,break out意为“爆发”,break in意为“打 断,闯入”。 At first, Claire refused to admit that he had stolen, but when he was shown the videotape he and admitted everything. 真题解析真题解析 A. broke up C. brok
28、e down B. broke out D. broke in 【解析】break down意为“情绪失控(痛哭起来)”,符合此处句意。 break up意为“分手”,break out意为“爆发”,break in意为“打 断,闯入”。 At first, Claire refused to admit that he had stolen, but when he was shown the videotape he Cand admitted everything. 真题解析真题解析 动词短语动词短语 (3) 动词 + 副词 + 介词: 相当于一个及物动词 Ill catch up wi
29、th you. Well make up for your loss. We are running out of time. A. run for C. run up against B. make against D. make away with 【解析】run for“竞选”,make against“不利于”,run up against“遇到,遭遇”,make away with意为“携而逃,杀死”。 句意:当实施计划时,我们遭到意料不到的、来自同事们的反对。 When implementing the project, we a lot of unexpected opposit
30、ion from our colleagues. 真题解析真题解析 A. run for C. run up against B. make against D. make away with 【解析】run for“竞选”,make against“不利于”,run up against“遇到,遭遇”,make away with意为“携而逃,杀死”。 句意:当实施计划时,我们遭到意料不到的、来自同事们的反对。 When implementing the project, we Ca lot of unexpected opposition from our colleagues. 真题解析
31、真题解析 A. making out for C. making up to B. making up D. making up for 【解析】make sth. out“理解,辨认”,make up“编造,弥补,化 妆”,make up to“巴结,讨好”,make up for意为“补偿,弥补”。 句意:汤姆很势利,经常巴结有影响力的人。 Tom is snobbish, always Cthe influencial people. 真题解析真题解析 动词短语动词短语 (4) 动词 + 名词 give a hand have a try make a mistake take a ba
32、th 动词短语动词短语 (5) 动词 + 名词 + 介词:相当于及物动词。 Keep an eye on the baby while Im out. Dont make fun of me. We should take care of elderly parents. The Chinese recipes rapidly found with foreign restaurant owners. A. favorB. flavorC. feverD. fancy 【解析】Favor“喜爱,欢心”,find favor with sb.意为“得宠于人, 得人好感,被人接受”;flavor“
33、情味,风味”;fever“发烧,发 热”;fancy“幻想,想象力”。 句意:中国菜谱很快得到了外国餐馆老板的青睐”。 真题解析真题解析 The Chinese recipes rapidly found Awith foreign restaurant owners. A. favorB. flavorC. fever D. fancy 【解析】Favor“喜爱,欢心”,find favor with sb.意为“得宠于人, 得人好感,被人接受”;flavor“情味,风味”;fever“发烧,发 热”;fancy“幻想,想象力”。 句意:中国菜谱很快得到了外国餐馆老板的青睐”。 真题解析真题
34、解析 动词短语动词短语 (6) be + 形容词/过去分词 + 介词:相当于及物动词。 He is familiar with the system. I am busy with my work. Tom is crazy about that girl. 介词短语介词短语 介词短语:介词与后面的名词、代词等搭配。 by the way in trouble at table A. in person C. in order B. in private D. in progress 【解析】in person“亲自”;in private“私下地,秘密地”;in order“按顺序”,in
35、progress“进展”。 句意:应该是排成一队按顺序走出来。 The children lined up and walked out . 真题解析真题解析 A. in person C. in order B. in private D. in progress 【解析】in person“亲自”;in private“私下地,秘密地”;in order“按顺序”,in progress“进展”。 句意:应该是排成一队按顺序走出来。 The children lined up and walked out C. 真题解析真题解析 A. cost C. value B. price D. e
36、xpenditure 【解析】be of +抽象名词 相当于形容词,be of value (=be valuable) 表示“很有价值”,故C正确。cost“花费”,price“价格”, expenditure“开支”。 Youll find this Travel Guide to be of great in helping you and your children to get around Malaysia. 真题解析真题解析 A. cost C. value B. price D. expenditure 【解析】be of +抽象名词 相当于形容词,be of value (=
37、be valuable) 表示“很有价值”,故C正确。cost“花费”,price“价格”, expenditure“开支”。 Youll find this Travel Guide to be of great Cin helping you and your children to get around Malaysia. 真题解析真题解析 习惯搭配习惯搭配 习惯搭配:约定俗成的表达方式。 take sth. for granted heavy rain When you come to our city you can see yourself how beautiful it is.
38、 A. in B. forC. toD. with 【解析】for“(表示对象)为了”,see for oneself是固定搭配, 意为“自己去看,亲眼看看”。In“在里面”;to“向,朝,到, 往”;with“和”。 句意:当你来到我们城市,你就可以自己看看它有多美了。 真题解析真题解析 When you come to our city you can see Byourself how beautiful it is. A. in B. forC. toD. with 【解析】for“(表示对象)为了”,see for oneself是固定搭配, 意为“自己去看,亲眼看看”。In“在里面
39、”;to“向,朝,到, 往”;with“和”。 句意:当你来到我们城市,你就可以自己看看它有多美了。 真题解析真题解析 A. put C. assumed B. made D. interpreted 【解析】put it well意思是“说得好”。 句意:当她形容弟弟“聪明但懒惰”时,她说得很好。 She it very well when she described her younger brother as “brilliant but lazy”. 真题解析真题解析 A. put C. assumed B. made D. interpreted 【解析】put it well意思是
40、“说得好”。 句意:当她形容弟弟“聪明但懒惰”时,她说得很好。 She Ait very well when she described her younger brother as “brilliant but lazy”. 真题解析真题解析 A. to stay C. than have stayed B. in order to stay D. instead of having stayed 【解析】句意为“事实上,他们宁愿已经去了伦敦而不是待在伯明 翰”。固定结构would rather do A than do B表示“宁愿做A也 不愿意做B”。 【2015】 In fact, t
41、hey would rather have left for London in Birmingham. 真题解析真题解析 A. to stay C. than have stayed B. in order to stay D. instead of having stayed 【解析】句意为“事实上,他们宁愿已经去了伦敦而不是待在伯明 翰”。固定结构would rather do A than do B表示“宁愿做A也 不愿意做B”。 【2015】 In fact, they would rather have left for London C in Birmingham. 真题解析真题解析 谢谢观谢谢观看看 下节课再下节课再见见