（新教材）人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册 导学讲义(全册12份资料打包).zip

UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 背景导学 一个人的成功离不开亲人的鼓励,黑人 John H. Johnson 的成功之路就证明了这个道理。 在妈妈的精神支持下,他不断尝试、努力,不畏艰辛,打拼出了自己的事业,实现了人生的价值。 John Harold Johnson was born in a black family in Arkansas in 1918. His father died in an accident when John was six.He was reaching the high school age,but his hometown offered no high school for blacks. Fortunately, he had a strong-minded caring mother.John remembered that his mother told him many times, “Son, you can be anyone you really want to be if you just believe.” She told him not to depend on others,including his mother.“You have to earn success,”she said.“All the people who work hard dont succeed,but the only people who do succeed are those who work hard.” These words came from a woman with less than a third-grade education. She also knew that believing hard work didnt mean everything. So she worked hard as a cook for two years to save enough money to take her son,who was then 15,to Chicago. Chicago in 1933 was not the Promised Land that black southerners were looking for. Johns mother and stepfather could not find work. But here John could go to school, and here he learned the power of wordsas an editor of the newspaper and yearbook at Du Sable High School. His wish was to publish a magazine for blacks. While others discouraged him, Johns mother offered him more words to live by, “Nothing beats a failure but a try.” She also let him mortgage her furniture to get the $500 he needed to start the Negro magazine. It was natural that difficulties and failure followed John closely until he became very successful. He always keeps his mothers words in mind, “Son, failure is not in your dictionary!” John Harold Johnson ended in becoming one of the 400 richest people in Americaworth $150 million. And he donated a lot of money to help people in need. 【译文】 约翰哈罗德约翰逊 1918 年出生在阿肯色州的一个黑人家庭。在约翰六岁时,他父亲 在一场事故中去世了。他就要到了上高中的年龄,但他的家乡不为黑人提供高中。 幸运的是,他有一位有主见的、体贴的母亲。约翰记得他母亲多次对他说:“儿子,只要你 相信,你就可以成为任何你非常想成为的人。”她告诉他不要依赖他人,包括他母亲。她说: “你必须去获得成功,并非所有努力工作的人都会成功,但成功的人只能是那些努力工作的人。 ” 这些话出自一位教育水平低于三年级的女性之口,她也知道相信努力工作并不意味着一 切,于是她努力做了两年厨师,为了攒够钱,把当时 15 岁的儿子带到芝加哥。 1933 年的芝加哥并不是南方黑人正寻找的乐土。约翰的母亲和继父找不到工作。但在 这里约翰可以上学,在这里他学到了文字的力量在杜塞布尔高中担任报纸和年鉴的编辑。 他的愿望是为黑人出版一本杂志。 尽管其他人劝阻他,约翰的母亲却给了他更多的使他信奉的话语:“没有什么能打败失败, 除了尝试。”她还让他抵押她的家具,以获得创办黑人杂志所需的 500 美元。困难和失 败自然会紧随约翰,直到他变得非常成功。他总是牢记他妈妈的话,“儿子,失败不在你的词典 里!” 约翰哈罗德约翰逊最后成了美国 400 位最富有的人之一身价 1.5 亿美元。并且 他捐了很多钱以帮助那些需要帮助的人。 Section Reading and Thinking .课标单词 1.单词拼写 physiology/fzildi/n.生理学;生理机能 artemisinin/tmisnin/n.药青蒿素 malaria/mleri/n.疟疾 committed/kmtd/adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的 academy/kdmi/n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校 extract/ekstrkt/n.提取物;摘录/kstrkt/vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出 wormwood/wmwd/n.蒿;洋艾 2.根据英文释义选词填空 boilobtaindefeatinsistacknowledgecommit insist: to demand that sth. happens or that sb. agrees to do sth. obtain:to get sth., especially by making an effort boil:when a liquid boils or when you boil it, it is heated to the point where it forms bubbles and turns to steam or vapour acknowledge:to accept that sth. is true or to accept that sb./sth. has a particular authority or status defeat:to win against sb. in a war, competition, sports game, etc. commit:to promise sincerely that you will definitely do sth., keep to an agreement or arrangement, etc./to be completely loyal to one person, organization, etc. or give all your time and effort to your work, an activity, etc. 3.词汇拓展 crucial/krul/adj.至关重要的;关键性的crucially/kruli/adv.关键性地 vital/vatl/adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的vitally/vatli/adv.极其;绝对 vitality/vatlti/n.生命力;活力 objective/bdektv/n.目标;目的 adj.客观的object/bdekt/vi.反对;不赞成/bdkt/n.物 体objection/bdekn/n.不赞成;反对 botanical/btnkl/adj.植物学的botany/btni/n.植物学 evaluate/vljuet/vt.评价;评估evaluation/vljuen/n. 评估,评价 distinct/dstkt/adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的distinction/dstkn/n. 差别;区分;卓越 analyse/nlaz/vt.分析analyser/nlaz/n.分析器;分析者analysis/nlss/n.(对事 物的)分析,分析结果 apparently/prntli/adv.显而易见;看来;显然apparent/prnt/adj.显而易见;明白易懂 scientific/santfk/adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的scientifically/santfkli/adv.合乎科学 地science/sans/n.科学;自然科学scientist/santst/n.科学家 mostly/mstli/adv.主要地;一般地most/mst/adv.(与两个或两个以上音节的形容词或副 词连用,构成最高级)最;(程度上)最大,最多;极其 .情境词块 1.make a great discovery 做出重大发现 2.lead to 通向;导致 3.hundreds of thousands of 几十万;成千上万的 4.die from 死于 mit oneself to do 某人承诺/保证做(某事、遵守协议或安排等) 6.graduate from 毕业于 7.work at 致力于 8.form a team of.组成团队 9.in the beginning 开始;初期 10.get stuck 陷入困境 11.by chance 偶然;碰巧 12.draw out 拉长 13.more than 超过;不只是 14.succeed in 在方面成功 15.insist on 坚决要求 16.make sure 确保 17.other than 除了之外;不同于 .情境佳句 1. 句型公式sb./sth.+be+过去分词+to do. 教材原句 Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. 尝试翻译 青蒿素已成为疟疾治疗方法的重要部分,它被认为仅在非洲每年就能挽救 10 万人 的生命。 2. 句型公式suggest doing sth. 教材原句 One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. 尝试翻译一篇四世纪的医学文献建议使用青蒿的提取物来治疗发烧。 3. 句型公式after doing 表示“介词+动名词”结构 教材原句After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. 尝试翻译失败了 190 多次之后,这个团队在 1971 年终于成功了。 4. 句型公式most of whom 表示“介词+关系代词”的定语从句 教材原句Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 尝试翻译后来,这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试,大部分患者都康复了。 5. 句型公式upon doing 表示“介词+动名词”结构 教材原句 Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said,“The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.” 尝试翻译 她一听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖,她就说:“这个荣誉不仅仅是我的。还有我身后的团 队,我的国家的所有的人。” .文本理解 Step 1Reading for the main idea What is the main idea of the text? A.Why Tu Youyou has been awarded the Nobel Prize. B.How artemisinin has been discovered. C.What Tu Youyou has said after gaining the Nobel Prize. D.How Tu Youyou has become famous all over the world. 答案A Step 2Reading for the structure Fill in the following blanks with proper words. TU YOUYOU AND ARTEMISININ 1930She was 1.born in Ningbo, China. 1955 She 2.graduated from Peking University Medical School. After she graduated, she 3.worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1967she was chosen to join the team to discover a new treatment for malaria. 1969 She became the 4.head of the project in Beijing. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and 5.evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 6.distinctancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against 7.malaria. 1971After failing 190 times, the team finally 8.succeeded. 9.2015 She was awarded the Nobel Prize for 10.Physiology, or Medicine which is an honour for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine. Step 3Reading for the details Choose the best answer according to the text. 1.What great contribution to the world has Tu Youyou made? A.Her discovery of artemisinin. B.Saving 100, 000 lives. C.Keeping the world peace. D.Making people live longer. 答案A 2.What do you think of Tu Youyou? A.She is careful and eager to get the Nobel Prize. B.She loves her country and her team. C.She is strict about work. D.She is a devoted and patient scientist. 答案D 学会学习查找描述性词语 注意文章中的描述性词语,这些将帮助你对文章中所描述的主题形成一个更好的印象。 3.What can you learn from Tu Youyous experiment? A.Science must be proved many times. B.Scientific work is too boring. C.Only those who are not afraid of failure can succeed. D.Scientific conclusions cannot be cut short. 答案C 4.The sentence “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.”(Paragraph 4, Line 2)means “”. A.The honour is only mine;it doesnt belongs to others. B.The honour belongs to my team, my country and me. C.The honour is not mine but belongs to a team and all the people. D.All the people but me will get the honour first. 答案B .难句突破 1.图解难句 自我分析这是一个主从复合句。表示地点的关系副词 where 引导定语从句, 介词短语 In the beginning 作状语;不定式短语 to study malaria patients 作目的状语;本句主句是 Tu Youyou went to Hainan。 尝试翻译一开始,为研究疟疾患者,屠呦呦去了海南,那里疟疾更常见。 2.图解难句 自我分析这是一个主从复合句。主句是 they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments;关系代词 that 引导定语从句;介词短语 From their research 作状语。 尝试翻译从他们的研究中,他们发现并测试了 380 种不同的古代中医疗法,在抗击疟疾方面 这些疗法显示出了希望。 3.图解难句 自我分析这是一个由连词 and 连接的并列句。第二分句中,使用了“find+宾语+宾语补足语” 结构,其中现在分词 suggesting a different way 作宾语补足语,而不定式短语 to treat the wormwood 作后置定语,修饰 way。尝试翻译她再次分析了医学文献,偶然发现了暗示处理 蒿的一种不同的方法的一句话。 .文本复述 Step 1Question Answering 根据课文内容回答下列问题。 1.Where was Tu Youyou born? Tu Youyou, a Chinese medical scientist, was born in Ningbo, China. 2.What is her work and study experience? She graduated from Peking University Medical School and worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, she was chosen to join the team to discover a new treatment for malaria. 3.How did she succeed in the end? After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971, which has saved many patients lives. 4.Did Tu Youyou get an award? Yes, she has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Step 2Text Retelling 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。 Tu Youyou, a Chinese medical scientist, was born in Ningbo, China. She graduated from Peking University Medical School and worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967,she was chosen to join the team to discover a new treatment for malaria. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971, which has saved many patients lives. As a result, she has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. 板块一语言知识 1.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.(教材 P2) 青蒿素已成为疟疾治疗方法的重要部分,它被认为仅在非洲每年就能挽救 10 万人的生命。 语言点 1 vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的 情境探究 Its vital to sleep and get up early. 早睡早起是至关重要的。 (鲜活例句)The latest test is vital to the future of Chinas moon and Mars missions. 最新的测试对中国月球和火星任务的未来至关重要。 归纳拓展 be vital to.对至关重要 it is vital to do sth.做某事是至关重要的 学以致用 单句填空 Perseverance is vital to success. It is vital to learn (learn) to appreciate and love yourself. 语言点 2 句型公式:sb./sth. be+过去分词+不定式 情境探究 Its said that the writer is writing a network novel. 据说那位作家正在写一本网络小说。 (鲜活例句)It is reported that the United States has the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the world. 据报道美国新冠肺炎的确诊病例数目居世界之首。 归纳拓展 此句型可改写为 its+过去分词+that.“据”。常用动词有 say、report、think、hope、suggest、believe、know 等。 学以致用 完成句子 It is said that he will win first prize in the contest. 据说他将在比赛中赢得一等奖。 Hes thought to be one of the richest men in Europe. 他被认为是欧洲最富有的人之一。 2.Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930.(教材 P2)屠呦呦,一个坚定而有耐心的科学家,1930 年 12 月 30 日出生于中国宁波。 语言点 3 committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的 情境探究 Meeting them doesnt commit us to anything. 和他们会面我们并不会承诺什么。 归纳拓展 commit to sb./sth.忠于(某个人、机构等);全心全意投入(工作、活动等) commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth.承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 学以致用 (1)单句填空 Both sides committed themselves to settling (settle) the dispute peacefully. (2)完成句子 He has not yet committed to any of the candidates. 他尚未表示支持任何一个候选人。 3.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. (教材 P2)她的团队检查了 2,000 多本古老的医学文献,并对 28 万种植物的药用性 能进行了评估。 语言点 4 evaluate vt.评价;评估 情境探究 After routine evaluation he was appointed as the full professor. 经过例行评估,他被任命为正教授。 After ten years of evaluative research, he finally decided to build the house there. 经过十年的评估研究,他最终决定在那里建房子。 归纳拓展 evaluation n.评估;评价 evaluative adj.评估的;评价的 易混辨析evaluate, estimate 和 value evaluate 很少用来表示“估价”或“估计”某物的市场价值,大多是用来表示“评价” estimate 表示的“估计”“估算”只是猜测,甚至只是一种想法 value估计某物的“价值”“价格” The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old. 这棵树估计至少有 700 年的寿命了。 It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments for COVID-19. 很难评估新冠肺炎的不同治疗方法的效果。 Paintings valued at over $200,000 were stolen from her home. 几幅估价为二十多万美元的画从她家里被盗走了。 学以致用 (1)用 evaluate 的适当形式填空 His thesis was highly evaluative, so he got his doctors degree smoothly. The key approaches to be used in the test and evaluations are proven useful. The school has only been open for six months,so its hard to evaluate its achievement. (2)完成句子 Although high grades are an important factor in evaluating students and their future university admission (评价学生和他们被未来大学录取的一个重要因素), development of wisdom, emotion, health, and the life attitude should never be ignored. 4.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.(教材 P2) 他们接着尝试了煮沸新鲜的蒿,并使用从中获得的液体去治疗疟疾,但这也没有起作用。 语言点 5 obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行 情境探究 I obtained this record for you with difficulty. 我好不容易为你弄到了这张唱片。 To obtain her degree, she answered 81 questions on 10 pieces of paper. 为获得学位,她回答了 10 张纸上的 81 个问题。 (鲜活例句)The recipients obtain the packages via facial recognition or by inputting a code. 收件人通过面部识别或输入代码获得包裹。 归纳拓展 obtain knowledge/ones degree 获得知识/某人的学位 学以致用 (1)单句填空 The books can be obtained (obtain) from the library. (2)赏句猜义 The custom still obtains in the districts. 流行 I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report. 得到 Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. (2019 江苏) 获得 The longer this situation obtains, the more extensive the problems become. 存在 5.However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.(教材 P2) 然而,屠呦呦并不承认失败。 语言点 6 acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢 情境探究 He is widely acknowledged as the best player in the world.人们普遍认为他是世界最佳运动 员。 I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong. 我没有承认他犯了什么错。 This report is an acknowledgement of the large size of the problem. 这个报告承认了问题的严重性。 归纳拓展 (1)acknowledge (doing) sth.承认(做)某事 acknowledge sb./sth. to be/as 承认某人/某物是 acknowledge that 承认 Its generally/universally acknowledged that. 是大家公认的。 (2)acknowledgement n.承认,感谢,谢礼,收件复函 误区警示 (1)表示承认做了某事,其后可接动名词,也可接 that 从句,但通常不接不定式。 (2)acknowledge 后虽不能接不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾补。 学以致用 (1)单句填空 He finally acknowledged having played (play) online games all night. It is now acknowledged by the movie industry as/to be the most successful film series ever. I have received neither an acknowledgement (acknowledge) nor a reply. (2)句型转换 Its universally acknowledged that Zhong Nanshan is one of the greatest medical experts in the world.(改为简单句) Zhong Nanshan is universally acknowledged as/to be one of the greatest medical experts in the world. 6.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.(教 材 P2) 她推断煮这种青蒿显然破坏了它的医疗特性。 语言点 7 apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然 情境探究 It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldnt sing. 很快大家都明白他不会唱歌。 It was apparent from her face that she was really upset. 从她的面容上显然可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。 归纳拓展 apparent adj.明显的,显而易见的 be/become apparent to sb. 对某人来说很明显 It is apparent that.显然 学以致用 (1)单句填空 The child nodded, apparently (apparent)content with the promise. It is apparent that he was very annoyed. (2)完成句子 每一种判断都来自一种特定的需要或独特的心理状态。显然,盲目听从别人的建议会影响 我们自己的判断。 Every judgement comes from a specific need or a unique psychological state. Apparently, blindly following others advice will affect our own judgement. 7.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.(教材 P3)屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在他们自己身上测试这种药物 以确保它是安全的。 语言点 8