1、True friends share the heart a We can stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with. b The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests c We can. stay in touch with people. We want to remain friends with them. d The digital age also enables us to find people
2、. These people share our interests Look for more sentences with attributive clauses！ Attributive clauses (1) Using language 定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义 放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该 名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的词叫先行词。被修饰的词叫先行词。 The boy who is reading is Tom. 先行词先行词 关系代词关系代词 Hospita
3、l is a place where a doctor works. 先行词先行词 关系副词关系副词 1. 1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法 关系代词关系代词指代的先行指代的先行 词词 充当从句的成分充当从句的成分 whowho人人主语、宾语主语、宾语 whomwhom人人宾语宾语 whichwhich物物主语、宾语主语、宾语 thatthat人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语 whosewhose人或物人或物定语定语 whowho指人指人, ,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 The man (who) I talk
4、ed with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. whom指人指人, ,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. which which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder （which） he is using is mad
5、e in Japan. that that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man (that) I told you about. whosewhose指人或物指人或物, , 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。不可省略。 We live in a house whose windows face south. This is the little girl whose parents were killed i
6、n the great earthquake. 2. 2. 关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点 (1) that(1) that和和whichwhich都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5 5种情况只能用种情况只能用that that 不能用不能用whichwhich。 当先行词中有人又有物时。如：当先行词中有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything,
7、 nothing, nobody, none等时。如：等时。如： This is all that I want from the school. 当先行词被当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如：等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days. 当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：当先行词被最高级修饰时。如： The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：当先
8、行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. (2) that(2) that和和whowho都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用whowho。 先行词为先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：等时。如： All who heard the news were excited. 先行词为先行词为those, he和和people时。如：时。如： Those who want to go please sign your names here. He w
9、ho does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. (3) whose(3) whose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点 whosewhose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 whosewhose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news. whosewhose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of whichof w
10、hich代替，但语序不同，即代替，但语序不同，即 whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+of which，或，或= of which + the + + 名词。如：名词。如： The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. whosewhose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。 whosewhose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whomof whom代替，但语
11、序不同，即代替，但语序不同，即whose+ + 名词名词 = the+ = the+名词名词+ +of whom，或，或= of whom + the + + 名词。如：名词。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend. (4) (4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须 与先行词保持一致。如：与先行词保持一致。如： Those who are against the plan pu
12、t up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday. The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it. The dress which she
13、is wearing is new. that (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday. 巩固练习：巩固练习：1. 1. 用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子 (3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film. He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that
14、This is the best film that I have ever seen. 1.The girl _is standing who/that 巩固练习：巩固练习：2. 2. 用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空 四四. . 介词介词+which/ whom+which/ whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1. 1. 介词的选用原则：介词的选用原则： (1)(1) 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。 This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars. This is the book for whi
15、ch I paid 8 dollars. (2) (2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。 I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there. 2. 2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(whom(指人指人) )或或 which(which(指物指物) )，且关系代词不能省略。，且关系代词不能省略。 The man with whom you talked just now
16、is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which I was writing . 3. 3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(which/that(指物指物), ), who/whom/that(who/whom/that(指人指人) )作从句中介词的宾语作从句中介词的宾语. .而且作介词宾语的关系而且作介词宾语的关系 代词可以省略。代词可以省略。 Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to. (whom/who/that)(whom/who/that) Is thi
17、s the play _ you were talking about just now? (which/that)(which/that) 4. 4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割， 因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如： This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for. The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 5. 5. 先行词
18、是先行词是the waythe way，意为，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时，引导定语从时，引导定语从 句的关系词用句的关系词用that/ in whichthat/ in which或省略。或省略。 I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he teaches English is interesting. （that/in whichthat/in which） （that/in whichthat/in which） 1Lucy is my friend who / that has a hearing problem. 2So
19、 I learnt a new language which / that allows me to “speak” with my hands. 3 Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring. 4 I sometimes have problems (that / which) I cant solve. 5 Lucy is a good listener (whom / who / that) I enjoy sharing moments of my life with. Rewrite the underlined se
20、ntences with that, which, who, whom or whose. that / which whose who / that which / that whom / who Keywords of friendship Friendship soup Like any good soup， this wont fail to make you smile when youre feeling down. AII you need to get started is a box of love. Pour it into a pot and mix it with fi
21、ve grams of smiles. Next, add: two cups of trust, one spoon of encouragement, three spoons of helpfulness, three cups of good conversation, one pack of similar interests, one glass of comfort, two drops of patience, one bag of passion, one piece of generosity, and a slice of humour! Match the words
22、in bold to the dictionary entries. generosity trust passion helpfulness comfort humour encouragement patience Talk about the keywords of your “Friendship soup” and create your own recipe. Helping our friends The word “friend” comes from the Old English word “freond”, meaning “ the loves one”. Accord
23、ing to a study from Yale University and the University of California at San Diego in 2014, good friends are often genetically similar. In fact, good friends can share up to 1% of the same genes-as much as we might share with our great-great- great grandparents! Listen to the conversation and number
24、the events in the correct order. 4-2-5-3-1-6 Listen again and complete the table. 1 photos 2 feel even worse 3 funny postcards 4 take days 5 video chat 6 allowed 7 life-sized 8 laugh Talk about how Andy and Clara give suggestions. When you make a suggestion, use less direct language than you would t
25、o make a statement or give an order. This makes it clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice. For example, you can begin with expressions such as Why dont we ? How about? Or use a past tense to distance yourself from the suggestion: I was wondering whether Think about a problem that has come up between you and your friends and have a similar conversation. Thank you!
