1、Useful words and Useful words and expressionsexpressionsUnit 3 Diverse Culures1. diverse adj. 多种多样的多种多样的, 形形色色的形形色色的, 相互不同的相互不同的(very different from each other)pdiversity U & C 差异（差异（性），性），不同不同（点）；（点）； 多样性，多样化多样性，多样化pa great/wide/rich diversity of (opinions/ subjects/interests) =a . variety/rang
2、e of. 各种各样的（观点、科目、兴趣各种各样的（观点、科目、兴趣)pdiversify vt. & vi. make or become diverse （使）多元化、多样化（使）多元化、多样化 (into) People from _ cultures/social backgrounds work together in this company. The boy is only 5 years old, but his interests are very _ / but he has a great/wide/rich _ of interests. To remain s
3、uccessful in the future, the company will have to _ (new products/into other fields) to meet the needs of market. We value the rich ethnic and cultural _ of the group/population.diversediversediversitydiversifydiversity2. I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again. 我不
4、得不承认，再次回到这个城市的感觉我不得不承认，再次回到这个城市的感觉确实很好。确实很好。 1) admit vt. & vi. (admitted, admitting)(1)（不情愿地（不情愿地)承认承认 （事实、犯错（事实、犯错 ）；）；admit (to) sth. (defeat / the truth / ones mistake / ones guilt / the murder / the charge) 承认（失败承认（失败/真相真相/错误错误/有罪有罪/谋杀谋杀/指控）指控）padmit (to) doing/having done 承认做过某事承认做过某事padmi
5、t (to sb) that 从句从句 （向某人）承认（向某人）承认.pIt is generally admitted that主从主从 人们普遍承认人们普遍承认padmit sb./sth. (to be) n./adj. 承认某人是承认某人是.(2) admit sb to/ into (college/club/hospital) 准许准许.进入（学校、公共场所进入（学校、公共场所)、加入（、加入（组织）、组织）、入住（医院）入住（医院）padmission U 准许加入；入场费准许加入；入场费, 门票门票费费 C 承认承认, 招认招认 admission prices/ charge
6、s 入场费入场费 gain admission/admittance to 获准进入获准进入 be refused admission to/into 被拒绝进入被拒绝进入 apply for admission to/into (university) 申请申请 加入加入/进入进入他承认偷了这两车。他承认偷了这两车。He admitted (to) the theft of the car.He admitted (to) stealing/having stolen the car.He admitted that he had stolen the car. 我们必须承认任务很艰巨。我们
7、必须承认任务很艰巨。We must/have to admit that the task is very tough.We must/have to admit the task (to be) very tough. _ （人们（人们普遍承认）普遍承认）a fuel leak (燃油泄漏燃油泄漏) was the cause of the trouble.=A fuel leak _ to have been the cause of the trouble.It is generally admitted that is generally admitted 她没有被她所挑选的大学所录取
8、。她没有被她所挑选的大学所录取。 She was not admitted to/into the university of her choice.She failed to gain admission to/into the university of her choice. _ (他承认他承认) he was to blame (负有责任负有责任) kept the others from being punished. A group ticket _ (admits/ permits) six people to the zoo and museum.His admission t
9、hatadmits Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will _ (admit) _ competitors. What is the _ (admit) to the concert? 2) definite (ly) adj. & adv. 肯定的肯定的(地地), =certain(ly), without doubt ; 清楚的清楚的(地地), 明确的明确的(地地) clear(ly), specific(ly)pbe definite about sth./doing sth.
10、 明确说出明确说出=be specific about.be admittedasadmission The hotel fitness centre is _ worth a visit. Its not worth that much, is it? No, _ not. The date of the movie has not been_ decided yet Can you give me a _ answer by tomorrow? We havent arranged a _ date for our visit yet. Amy was very _ about her i
11、ntention to travel the world.definitelydefinitelydefinitelydefinitedefinitedefinite3) It feels good/nice/strange/pleasant to do sth./doing sth. 做某事感觉起来很好、奇怪、愉快做某事感觉起来很好、奇怪、愉快. It felt great to see her after so many years. How does it feel to be graduating?4. And what a city (it is)a city that was ab
12、le to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. 多么神奇的多么神奇的一一座城市啊！一座座城市啊！一座19061906年大年大地震后重建的城市。地震后重建的城市。复合句复合句, 破折号破折号之后之后a city(=one)为同位为同位语语, 后面接两个后面接两个that引导的定语从句引导的定语从句.1) was/were able to do sth. =managed to do sth. =succeeded in doing sth. 能够做成某事能够做成某事2) occur vi. l(formal) 发生
13、发生(=happen) l(在特定情况下在特定情况下)发生发生, 存在存在(in, among, on); =exist or be found in.l(idea/thought) occur to sb. （主意或想法）突然被某人想到（主意或想法）突然被某人想到 (occurred; occurring) pIt occurred to sb. to do sth./that/wh-主主从从 某人突然想到做某事某人突然想到做某事. =It hit/struck sb. that/wh-主主从从 A third of accidental deaths occur in the home.
14、Sugar occurs naturally in fruit. 糖天然地存在于水果中。糖天然地存在于水果中。 The thought of giving up never occurred to me. 我从没有放弃我从没有放弃的想法的想法。 Suddenly it occurred to me _ difficult it was for a woman _ (get) medical training at that time.howto get5. There are so many beautiful old buildings many sitting on top of big
15、hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean,and the Golden Gate Bridge.有太多漂亮的老建筑物好多都坐落在大山有太多漂亮的老建筑物好多都坐落在大山之上，提供城市、海洋和金门大桥的美景。之上，提供城市、海洋和金门大桥的美景。简单句，简单句， 划线部分为独立主格结构划线部分为独立主格结构(n./pron. + doing) ，补充说明前面句子信补充说明前面句子信息息, 相当于相当于非限制性定从非限制性定从: many of which sit on top of big hills., 其中斜体字部分为其中斜体字部分
16、为现在分词短语作现在分词短语作 sitting的伴随状语。的伴随状语。划线部分划线部分:独立主格结构（含现在分独立主格结构（含现在分词短语词短语 offering.作作sitting的伴随状的伴随状语）语）独立主格结构独立主格结构:n./pron. +doing (having done) +done/having been done +(being) n./adj./adv./prep. +to do （被动、将来）（被动、将来） +to do sth. （主动、将来）主动、将来） 作用：作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、作用：作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步（句首）、伴随或方式或起补充说让步
17、（句首）、伴随或方式或起补充说明作用（句尾）明作用（句尾） The meeting (being) over, they all went home. (N.+adv.) Spring _ (come) on, the trees turned green. All the students _ (sit) down, the lecture began. (Adverbial of time)(Adverbial of time)(N.+doing)(Adverbial of time)(N.+having done)cominghaving sat The job _ (finish),
18、they went home. It _ (be) a holiday, all the shops were shut. Mother _ (be) ill, I had to stay at home to look after her.N.+(having been) done(Adverbial of time)(having been) finishedbeing(Adverbial of cause)Pron. + doingbeingPron. + doing(Adverbial of cause)but this _ (be) my first experience, I st
19、ayed at the top and watched them. There being no buses, we had to walk home. After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head.beingPron. + doing(Adverbial of cause)(Adverbial of cause)There being + n./pron. (伴随状语伴随状语) All the tickets _ (sell) out, we had to wait
20、for the next weeks show. No one _ (wake) me up, I might be late for the first class. More help and money _ (give), we can finish the work in advance.(having been) sold(cause)to wake(condition)given(condition) Lots of work _ (do), I have to work extra hours. So many children _ (look) after, the mothe
21、r has to quit her job. Im playing golf this afternoon weather/time _ (permit). (N.+ to do)(cause)to doto look (N.+ to do)(cause)permitting(Pron. + doing)(condition) Everything/All _ (take) into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable. Everything _ (try), they were still unable to find a so
22、lution. We explored the caves, Peter _ (act) as a guide.(Adverbial of condition)(Pron. + done)(N. + doing) (伴随状语伴随状语)actingtaken(having been) tried (让步让步状语状语)18. He returned three days later, his face covered with mud and his clothes torn into pieces.19. They all stood in surprise face to face, eyes
23、 (being) wide open.20. He came in, a dictionary in hand. (伴随状语伴随状语)(N. + done)(N. + prep.) (伴随状语伴随状语) (伴随状语伴随状语)(N. + adj.)21. We fell asleep, all the lights on.22. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some _ (measure) over 90 metres. 那儿湿度很大，树木长得相当地高，那儿湿度很大，树木长得相当地高，一些高达一些高达90多米。多米。
24、measuring (伴随状语伴随状语)(N. + adv.) (further explanation) (Pron. + doing.)23. The Hawaiian coastline is bordered by many coral reefs (珊瑚礁珊瑚礁), some _(live), but most of them _ (die).24. Todays festivals have many origins, some _ (religion), some _ (season), and some for special people or events. (furthe
25、r explanation) (further explanation)livingdeadreligiousseasonal25. There are two doors , one _ (lead) to the living-room, the other _ (lead) to the kitchen.26. The country is experiencing its hardest winter for years, some areas _(lie) under six feet of snow for nearly two months. (further explanati
26、on) (further explanation)leadingleadinglying27. Many people, most of them experts from the States, attended the conference. 28. The family decided to buy a new car, the son _(pay) half the money. (further explanation)(Pron. + n.) (Adverbial of manner)(Pron. + to do sth.)to pay29. Lily (being) away,
27、he felt lonely. 6. My hotel is near downtown, in the Mission District, one of the oldest parts of the city.pdowntown n. & adj. & adv. 闹市区；闹市区； 闹市区的；闹市区的； 在在/往闹市区往闹市区a hotel in the heart of downtown 闹市区中心的一家宾馆闹市区中心的一家宾馆(n.)(N. + adv.)(cause)（同位语）（同位语）a downtown restaurant/store 一家闹市区的饭店一家闹市区的
28、饭店/商店商店work/go downtown 在闹市区工作在闹市区工作/去闹市区去闹市区7. afterward(s) 后来后来, 然后然后 = later, at a later time, after thatshortly afterward(s) 不久以后不久以后.minutes/days/weeks/months/years afterward(s) 分钟分钟/天天/星期星期/月月/年年之后之后8. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum that showed the historical changes in Californi
29、a.1) in the afternoon/morning/evening /night在在（每天、当天、次日、明天）（每天、当天、次日、明天）下午下午/早早晨晨. on the afternoon/morning. of 22th May/the wedding on a cold winter afternoon/morning.2) head to/towards/for sth. 前往前往.8. Over 300, 0000 people came from all ove the world to seek their fortune, and San Francisco quick
30、ly became a big city.全球有三十多万人来寻求成功致富之全球有三十多万人来寻求成功致富之. .1) seek ones fortune寻找寻找致富或成功之路或发财机会致富或成功之路或发财机会; ; 闯世界闯世界pseek (for) shelter/work/employment/a job/a way/a solution/an answer寻找寻找躲避处躲避处/就业机会就业机会/方法方法/解决方法解决方法/答答案案 (=look for) pseek (ones) help/advice/permission /assistance (from sb.) ( (向某人向某
31、人) ) 请求请求/ /征求征求/ /寻求寻求帮助帮助/ /建议建议/ /同同意意/ /援助援助 (=ask for)pseek (after) happiness/comfort/wealth/ success/fame追求追求幸福幸福/安逸安逸/财富财富/成功成功 (=try or attempt to achieve)pseek to do sth. 试图试图, 设法去做某事设法去做某事pseek out 挑选出挑选出, 找出找出, 物色出物色出pseeker n.寻求者寻求者; 追求者追求者 a job-seeker 求职者 She managed to calm him down a
32、nd _ (向向.寻求帮助寻求帮助) a neighbour. They are still_ (努力努力找找到到) a peaceful solution to the conflict. Now is the time for local companies _ (找到找到) business opportunities in Europe. Every year millions of peasants head for/towards bigger cities _ (寻找发财机会寻找发财机会).seek help fromseeking to findto seek outto se
33、ek their fortune2) fortune C a very large amount of money 一大笔钱一大笔钱 U （个人）运气，机遇（个人）运气，机遇 (good luck) pl （个人、组织、国家）（个人、组织、国家）命运，时运命运，时运pseek ones fortune 寻找发财机会寻找发财机会pmake a/ones fortune (in / from / selling) computers) （在（在/从从/销售）赚一大笔钱销售）赚一大笔钱, 发一大笔财发一大笔财pcost / spend / pay / be worth / win / lose a
34、(small) fortune (in sth. / on sth. / for sth / doing sth.) 赢得、花、赢得、花、花、花、值一大笔钱花、花、值一大笔钱pgo .in search of/to seek fame and fortune 去追求名利去追求名利ptell ones fortune 给某人算命给某人算命phave the good/great fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事有幸做某事 =be lucky (enough) to do sth.p=be fortunate (enough) to do sth./ in doing sth. 很
35、幸运做某事很幸运做某事ufortunate adj. lucky 幸运的；幸运的； 巧合的巧合的psb. be fortunate that 从句从句 某人很幸运做某事某人很幸运做某事pIt is fortunate (for sb.) that 从句从句 （对某人很幸运）某人做某事（对某人很幸运）某人做某事uunfortunate adj. 不幸的，倒霉的；不幸的，倒霉的； 遗遗憾的憾的ufortunately adv. 幸运地，幸亏幸运地，幸亏uunfortunately adv. 不幸地，令人遗憾不幸地，令人遗憾地地 He has dreamed of_ (发大财发大财) in/from
36、/selling computers. 我很幸运我有一位善解人意我很幸运我有一位善解人意(understanding)的妻子。的妻子。I have the good/great fortune to have such an understanding wife.=Im fortunate (enough) to have/in having such an understanding wife.=Im fortunate that I have such an understuanding wife.making a/his fortune=It is fortunate for me th
37、at I have such an.=Fortunately for me, I have such an understanding wife.9. To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in China town. 为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。1)earn/make a/ones living by writing as a writerpearn/make money 挣挣/赚赚钱钱pearn sb.s respect/praise 赢得尊重赢得尊重/表扬表扬pea
38、rn (sb.) a reputation (as/for) /a place/prize (为某人为某人)赢得名声赢得名声/资格资格/嘉奖嘉奖 =win, gainThat performance earned her an Oscar as Best Actress.His outstanding ability earned him a place on the team. pearnings n.利润利润;收入收入;工资工资2) open (up) a store 使开张使开张, 开办开办, 开设开设10. do a good job of doing sth. 很好地做某事很好地做某
39、事 Youve done a very fantastic(=very excellent/wonderul) job of decorating the room. 你把房间装饰的棒极了你把房间装饰的棒极了!10. I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful china plates.pselect vt. (经过认真思考后经过认真思考后) 挑选挑选, 选择选择, 选拔选拔(choose or pick carefullypselect . from. 从从.中挑选中挑选pselect.as. 挑选挑
40、选.作为作为pselect . for sth. 挑选挑选.用来从事某事用来从事某事pselect. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事挑选某人做某事pselection U 挑选挑选, 选择选择(of, for, as) C挑挑选出来的人选出来的人/物物; 供选择供选择/选购的同类东西选购的同类东西 pmake a selection (from.) (从从.)做出选择做出选择pa good/wide/large selection of =a . range of 各种各样的各种各样的pbe selective about/in sth. 认真挑选某物认真挑选某物 She selecte
41、d a diamond ring _ the collection. York _ (select) _ the site for the research centre. Were going to select two students _ (represent) the school.fromwas selectedasto represent The group had been carefully _ (select) _ the study because of their lifestyles. Its worth taking the time to make a carefu
42、l _(select). Im very happy with my _ (select) as leader of the team. They have a wide _ (select) of carpets to suit all tastes. You will have to be _ (select) about which information to include in the report.selectedforselectionselectionselectionselective11. What do you think brought about the cultu
43、ral diversity?pbring about vt. 引起，产生，导致引起，产生，导致It took the combined efforts of both the press and the public _ (bring) about a change in the law.to bring12. Over 3, 000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it.1) claim vt. claim.lives/vic
44、tims （事故、灾难、战（事故、灾难、战争等）夺取（争等）夺取（.生命生命/遇难者的生命）遇难者的生命） claim sth./that 宾从宾从 声称声称, 宣称宣称, 断言断言 sb./sth. as /to be 声称声称.为为. to be/know/like/remember.(状态状态) to have done 声称做过某事声称做过某事pIt is claimed that.主从主从 据称据称. Scientists are _ (claim/seek/ select/desire) major breakthrough/ victory in the fighting aga
45、inst cancer. A letter appeared in The Times, _ (claim) Fleming as the discoverer of penicillin. George _ （声称记得、知道）（声称记得、知道）exactly what Emily said that night. Doctors _ a cure for the disease, but this had not yet been proved.claimingclaimingclaims to remember/knowclaims that he remembers/knowsclaim
46、 to have discoveredclaim that they have discovered So far the earthquake/war/disease _ (claim) over 3,000 lives/ countless lives. Heart disease is the biggest killer, _ (claim) 180,000 lives a year. A small terrorist group _ _（宣称对（宣称对.负责）负责）the bombing in London . _ （据称）（据称） some doctors were workin
47、g 80 hours a weekhas claimedclaimingclaims/claimed responsibility forIt was claimed that2) a/the series of (fires/events/attacks/films) 一一/这个系列这个系列/连串的（火灾连串的（火灾/事件事件/攻击攻击/电影）（单复数同形）电影）（单复数同形）pa/two/some/many species of birds 一、两、几、许多种鸟（物种）一、两、几、许多种鸟（物种）下列名词单复数同形：下列名词单复数同形：(series, species, means, -w
48、orks工厂工厂, crossroads十字路口）十字路口） 12. financial adj. 财政的财政的, 财务的财务的, 金融的金融的pfinance U 资金资金(=financing, funding, funds); 财政财政, 财务财务, 金融金融; pl（个人，公（个人，公司，国家）司，国家）财力；财力； 财务状况；财务状况； vt. 为（为（活动）活动）提供资金提供资金(=fund)pfinancially adv. 财政上财政上, 资金上地资金上地 Quite apart from all the work, he had _ problems / was in/got
49、 into _difficulties. It was a wonderful film,. but not exactly a _ success.financialfinancialfinancial We offer/provide a range of _ services/support/assistance/aid. She is still _ dependent on her parents. I think its good idea to study _ nowadays We need to raise _ for further research. She refuse
50、d to anser questions albout her personal _/the companys _(财务情况财务情况) The college may have to close because of a lack of _/ because of limited _.financialfinanciallyfinancefinancefinancesfinancesfinancesfinances13. poetry & poemppoetry (U a collection of poems, poems in general 诗歌总称诗歌总称)ppoem C （具体一首首诗）诗歌具体一首首诗）诗歌 If necessa
