1、UNIT 5 POEMS Review useful structure To review attributive clauses To be able to understand the structure of a passage定义定义用作定语的从句用作定语的从句类型类型限制性限制性定语从句定语从句描述主句所涉及的人或物的描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是具体情况，是主句不可缺少主句不可缺少的一部分的一部分；如省去，主句意；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义。义不完整或失去意义。非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句对主句所描述的人或物提供对主句所描述的人或物提供附加情况，起补充说明作用附加
2、情况，起补充说明作用；如省去，主句意义仍完整。如省去，主句意义仍完整。关系词关系词关系代词关系代词that, which, who, whom,whose, as关系副词关系副词when, where, why一、定语从句概述一、定语从句概述关系关系代词代词that指物和人指物和人在从句中作主语或在从句中作主语或宾语宾语which指物指物在从句中作主语或在从句中作主语或宾语宾语who指人指人在从句中作主语或在从句中作主语或宾语宾语whom在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语whose指人和物指人和物 在从句中作定语在从句中作定语as指物指物在从句中作主语在从句中作主语二、引导定语从句的关系词二、引导定
3、语从句的关系词关系关系副词副词when指时间指时间在从句中作时间状在从句中作时间状语语where指地点指地点在从句中作地点状在从句中作地点状语语why指原因指原因在从句中作原因状在从句中作原因状语语三、三、关系词的省略关系词的省略1. 关系代词在从句中关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略。如：。如： The cup (that / which) you bought is broken. 2. 在某些表示时间、地点的词后的限制性定在某些表示时间、地点的词后的限制性定 语从句中，语从句中，关系副词在口语中有时省略关系副词在口语中有时省略。 如：如： Ill never forget th
4、e year (when) I stayed in Beijing. This is the place (where) I lived five years ago. 注意：注意：非限制性定语从句通常由非限制性定语从句通常由who, whom, which, whose, when, where及及“介词介词+which / whom”引导，且关系词一般不省略。另外，在非限引导，且关系词一般不省略。另外，在非限制性定语从句中，制性定语从句中，which可指代整个主句内可指代整个主句内容。容。四、关四、关系代词系代词which与与as which和和as都可引导非限制性定语从句，用都可引导非限
5、制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句或主句的一部分。通常来指代整个主句或主句的一部分。通常which引导的从句放在引导的从句放在句末句末，而，而as引导的从句既可引导的从句既可位于位于句首句首，又可位于，又可位于句中或句末句中或句末。如：。如：As is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.The size of the audience, as we had expected, was well over one thousand. He is an American, which / as I know from h
6、is accent. 五、五、“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1. 在在“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，引导的定语从句中， 关系代词指关系代词指物物时只能用时只能用which，指，指人人时只时只 能用能用whom。如：。如： The valley in which the town lies is heavily polluted. Well go to see the famous writer about whom we have talked.2. 当当表时间、地点或原因的先行词在从句中表时间、地点或原因的先行词在从句中作作 状状语时，也可用语时
7、，也可用“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构结构。 介介词的选择由先行词与介词的搭配来确定词的选择由先行词与介词的搭配来确定。 如如： In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., by which time many people have gone home.3. “介词介词+关系代词关系代词”前可有名词、数词或前可有名词、数词或 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词。如：等代词。如： The classroom, the door of
8、 which is broken, will soon be repaired. He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.六、六、特殊先行词后的定语从句特殊先行词后的定语从句1. 先行词是先行词是reason时，如果关系词在从句中作时，如果关系词在从句中作 状语状语，用，用why或或for which引导；关系词在从引导；关系词在从 句中作句中作主语主语或或宾语宾语，用，用that或或which 引导。如：引导。如： Wed like to know the reason why / for which sh
9、e didnt accept the job. There is another reason that / which is more important. 2. 先行词是表示方式的先行词是表示方式的way时，定语从句可用时，定语从句可用 that或或in which引导，也可省略引导，也可省略。如：。如： People liked the way (that / in which) he wrote, so he went on writing.3. 先行词是先行词是stage, position, situation, atmosphere等有地点含义的抽象名词，且关等有地点含义的抽象名
10、词，且关 系词在定语从句中作状语时，用系词在定语从句中作状语时，用where引引 导。如：导。如： Their youngest child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences. You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.4. 先行词是先行词是occasion时，一般要用时，一般要用when引导引导 定语从句。如：定语从句。如： I can remember very few occasio
11、ns when he had to cancel our trips.1. China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2020新新课标全国课标全国I卷卷)2. In ancient China lived an artist 61._ paintings were almost lifelike. (2020新新课标全课标全国国III卷卷)wherewhose 3. The 80,000
12、 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _ opened in 1759. (2020全全国新高考国新高考I卷卷)which/that 4. Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free. (2020江江苏卷苏卷)A. whose B. which C. when D. whom5. Thank you for your lette
13、r, what really made me happy. (2020课课标全国标全国II卷短卷短文改错文改错)6. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. (2020课课标全国标全国III卷短卷短文改错文改错)which that7. We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. (2019江江苏苏卷卷 单单项填空项填空) A. which
14、 B. what C. when D. that8. Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences. (2019天天津津卷卷 单单项填空项填空) A. why B. where C. which D. what9. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. (2019新新课标课标卷卷 短短文改错文改错)10. Now Irene Astbury wor
15、ks from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _ she opened with her late husband Les. (2019新新课标课标卷卷 语语法填空法填空)whenwhich11. They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals. (2019新新课标课标III卷卷 语语法法 填空填空)12. In the cafe, customers will enjoy themsel
16、ves in the historical environment what is created for them. (2019新新课标课标III卷卷 短短文文 改错改错)whothat/ which13. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark. (2019浙浙江江卷卷 语语法填空法填空)14. What students do at college seems to matter much more than _ they go. (2019北北京京卷卷 语语法填
17、空法填空)that/ whichwhere解题方法：解题方法：1. 首先确定主句，保证主句的完整性。首先确定主句，保证主句的完整性。2. 关系代词的选用关系代词的选用(1) 如果先行词指人，将先行词代入定语从如果先行词指人，将先行词代入定语从 句后先行词在定语从句中作主语，限制句后先行词在定语从句中作主语，限制 性定语从句中用性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语非限制性定语 从句中用从句中用who。Connect the sentences using relative pronouns or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correc
18、t order to compose a passage.(2) 如如果先行词指人，将先行词代入定语从果先行词指人，将先行词代入定语从 句后先行词在定语从句中作宾语，限制句后先行词在定语从句中作宾语，限制 性定语从句中用性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制非限制 性定语从句中用性定语从句中用whom。(3) 如如果先行词果先行词指物，指物，将先行词代入定语将先行词代入定语从从 句后句后先行词在定语从句中先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾作主语或宾语语， 限限制性定语从句中用制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限非限制制 性性定语从句中用定语从句中用which。3. 关系副词的选用
19、关系副词的选用 如果先行词为表示时间、地点或原因的名如果先行词为表示时间、地点或原因的名 词，将先行词代入定语从句后先行词在定词，将先行词代入定语从句后先行词在定 语从句中作状语，分别用语从句中作状语，分别用when、where和和why。4. “介词介词+which/whom”的判定的判定 如果介词被放置在关系代词前，当先行词如果介词被放置在关系代词前，当先行词 指人时，用指人时，用“介词介词+whom”形式；当先形式；当先 行词指物时，用行词指物时，用“介词介词+which”形式。形式。1. The Crescent Moon is perhaps the most famous coll
20、ection of childrens poems. It is known to people in China.The Crescent Moon, which is known to people in China, is perhaps the most famous collection of childrens poems. 2. There are also many poems written from a childs perspective. In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding o
21、f childrens feelings.There are also many poems written from a childs perspective, in which the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of childrens feelings.3. The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems. The focus of the poems is on the parent-child relationship.The English versi
22、on of the book contains nearly 50 poems whose focus is on the parent-child relationship.4. The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother. The mother loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.Then initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother who lov
23、es her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.5. Many people love to read this collection of poems. The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.The reason why many people love to read the collection of poems is that they can feel the warmth of
24、 love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.6. It was written by the Indian poet Tagore. Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. It was written by the Indian poet Tagore, who was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. The correct order to compose a passage_1 6 5 3 4 2 Work in pairs. Describe your favourite Chinese poets using sentences that contain relative clauses. Example Bai Juyi was one of the greatest Chinese poets. He was born during mid-Tang Dynasty, which was a period of rebuilding and recovery for the Tang Empire.Finish exercise 2 on page 53.
