1、Unit 1 单元核心考点归纳单元核心考点归纳【讲前热身】.默写单词第一组1vt.投射；向投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷2n.阴影；影子；背光处3vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)4vt.保卫；防守；辩解5n.助理；助手6adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的7adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的8adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的9n.弱点；过错10n.改变；转换；轮班vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向第二组1vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)2n.证据；证明；检验3vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责5n.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动
2、；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)6n.联系；纽带vt.把连接起来；相关联7n.减少；降低；减少量vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低8vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变9n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决10adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n.固体.匹配词义A单词匹配第一组()1.thinkingAn.蛋白质()2.proteinBn.病毒()3.cellCn.思想；思维；见解()4.virusDadj.最初的；开始的；第一的()5.initialEn.细胞；小房间；单间牢房()6.frameworkFn.彩虹()7.rainbowGn.框架；结构()8.concreteHn.领导
3、；领导地位；领导才能()9.mechanicIn.机械师；机械修理工()10.leadershipJn.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的第二组()1.severeAn.感染；传染()2.contradictoryBadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的()3.infectionCadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的()4.multipleDn.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人()5.householdEadj.数量多的；多种多样的()6.interventionFadj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的()7.rawGadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的()8.substantia
4、lHn.介入；出面；干涉()9.statisticIn.显微镜()10.microscopeJn. pl. 统计数字；统计资料；统计学B短语匹配()1.once and for allA同意；赞同()2.subscribe toB幸亏；由于()3.thanks toC水泵()4.water pumpD最终地；彻底地()5.theoretical frameworkE(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发()6.break outF理论框架()7.in charge ofG下降；坠落()e downH最重要的是；尤其是()9.above allI主管；掌管参考答案：.默写单词第一组：1.ca
5、st2.shadow3.pour4.defend5.assistant6.outstanding7.gifted8.brilliant9.fault10. shift第二组：1.subscribe2.proof3.suspect4.blame5.handle6.link7.decrease8.transform9.finding10. solid.匹配词义A:单词匹配第一组：15CAEBD610GFJIH第二组：15BCAED610HFGJIB:短语匹配15DABCF69EIGH【一词多义】1blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责n责备；指责He bears the blame of his
6、brother.n.责备；指责You can hardly blame Peter for being angry with her.vt.责怪；指责Whenever something goes wrong，everyone blames it on me.vt.把归咎于2decrease n减少；降低；减少量vt. & vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低The population began to decrease.vi.减少；减小；降低They decreased the size of the group from 25 to 15.vt.减少；减小；降低There has b
7、een some decrease in imports.n.减少；降低3handle n把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)You have to turn the handle and then pull it towards you.n. 把手；拉手Alabel on the crate read：“Handle with care”vt.处理；搬动Garden tools can be dangerous if carelessly handled.vt.操纵；使用4link n联系；纽带vt.把连接起来；相关联The road links all the new
8、 towns.vt.把连接起来Scientists have established possible links between cancer and diet.n.联系The two countries have successfully solved the boundary issue， which now hasbecome a link of friendship between the two peoples.n.纽带5suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 adj.可疑的；不可信的I suspect (that) you once though
9、t otherwise.vt.怀疑Two suspects are now being interrogated in connection with the killing.n.犯罪嫌疑人His reason for being absent is suspect.adj.可疑的【衍生词汇】1 contradict vt.与发生矛盾， 与抵触contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的2infect vt.使感染；传染infection n感染；传染3intervene vi.干涉；干预intervention n介入；出面；干涉4prove vt. 证明；检验proof
10、 n证据；证明；检验【词汇短语解析】blame vt.把 归咎于；责怪；指责n责备；指责(教材 P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。例 1They placed the blame on the doctor.他们把责任归咎于医生。例 2He tried to escape blame for what he had done.他试图不为自己的行为负责。翻译看来水是罪魁祸首。It seemed that the water was to blame知识拓展(1)be to blame (for sth.)(对
11、某事)负有责任，应受责备blame sb. for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth. on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人take the blame for sth.对某事承担责任break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发(教材 P7)However， after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932， Qian made thedecision to switch his major to aviation beca
12、use he realised that China needed its ownpowerful air force to protect and defend the country.然而，在 1932 年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。例 1Something unexpected always breaks out in this area.在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。例 2The Second World War broke out in September 1939.第二次世界大战爆发于 1939 年 9 月。翻译我
13、正在熟睡中，这时突然发生了火灾，而且蔓延得很快。I was still sleeping when the fire broke out，and then it spread quickly.知识拓展break in强行进入；打断break through突破；冲破break up破碎；解散；分手break off断开；中断；停顿break away from逃脱；脱离break into强行闯入；突然开始break down出故障；垮掉in charge of 主管；掌管(教材 P8)He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was
14、put incharge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missileprogramme.他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。例 1Ill be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director isaway.下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。例 2The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper.这位厨师负责管理帮厨工。翻译这位教师
15、负责这个班。The teacher is in charge of the class知识拓展take charge of掌管/负责in charge of控制/管理free of charge免费in sb.s chargein the charge of sb. 由主管(含被动意义)decrease n减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(教材 P3)Through Snows tireless efforts，water companies began to sell cleanwater，and the threat of cholera around t
16、he world saw a substantial decrease.在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。例 1The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent.销售量差不多减少了 20%。例 2His interest in this subject gradually decreases.他对这个科目的兴趣逐渐在减退。翻译自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。There has been a sharp decrease in pollution since the law was introduced.知识拓展(
17、1)on the decrease在减少中a decrease in.在方面减少(2)decrease to.减少到decrease by.减少了decrease from.to.从减少到名师点津decrease 的反义词 increase 的用法increase to增加(长)到increase by增加(长)了on the increase在增加fault n. 弱点；过错(教材 P9)Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults.最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。例 1It was all my fault.这都是我的错。例 2Th
18、ere is a fault in this machine.这台机器出了故障。翻译她最大的缺点是话太多。Her greatest fault is that she talks too much.知识拓展find fault with sb.挑剔某人；对某人吹毛求疵 find fault in看出的缺点；找出的毛病link n. 联系；纽带vt.把连接起来；相关联(教材 P3)Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link between other cases ofcholera and the different water companies
19、in London.此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。例 1The two companies have linked.这两家公司已联合。例 2The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。翻译那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。The new company linked up with several older ones in selfprotection.知识拓展(1)link.to/with.将和联系或连接起来link up连接；结合link up wit
20、h.与联合；使与衔接(2)a link between Aand BA 与 B 之间的联系once and for all 最终地；彻底地(教材P2)However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。例 1He will explain it fully once and for all.他将把它充分地解释一次，就此了结。例 2The teacher has warned the student once and for all.那位老师已断然警告那个学生。翻译我最后一
21、次警告你。如果你不停止纠缠我，你将来会后悔的。Im warning you once and for all，if you dont stop disturbing me，youll beregretful.知识拓展all at once突然；同时at once立刻，马上once and again一而再，再三pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)(教材 P7)A nonNewtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like aliquid，but if you put any pressure on it，it suddenly bec
22、omes hard as concrete.非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以把它像液体一样倒出来，但如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。例 1After the meeting the people poured out in crowds.散会后人们成群地涌出来。例 2People poured into the hall.人们涌进大厅。翻译乌云密布，下起了倾盆大雨。The storm clouds gathered and the rain poured down知识拓展pour in涌进pour into涌进pour out倒出；涌出；倾诉pour out of.从中涌出来pou
23、r down(雨)倾盆而降subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)(教材 P2)Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种理论。例 1He subscribed for 1，000 shares.他认购一千股。例 2I subscribed to that magazine.It is put out every week.我订阅了那本杂志，它是周刊。翻译我十分赞同那个观点。I heartily subscribe to that view知识拓展subscribe to同意；赞成；订阅subscribe.to.把捐赠给；
24、把签署在上suspect vt.& vi.怀疑； 疑有； 不信任n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象(教材 P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。例 1I suspect him to know everything about that.我猜想那件事他全都知道了。例 2She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth.她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。翻译警察怀疑钱是他偷的。The police suspect him of having take
25、n the money知识拓展suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事suspect sb. to be.怀疑某人是thanks to 幸亏；由于(教材 P3)Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to thework of John Snow.幸运的是，由于约翰斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。例 1Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid theworld of hunger.多亏了他的研究，联合
26、国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。例 2Thanks to his effort，it is more successful than we have expected.由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。翻译由于你的帮助我们成功了。Thanks to your help，we were successful.知识拓展because of因为；由于as a result of作为的结果；由于due to因为；由于owing to由于；因为的缘故transform vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变(教材 P3)Moreover，in his use of maps a
27、nd statistics，Snow transformed theway scientists study diseases.此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。例 1He seems to have been miraculously transformed into a firstclassplayer.他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。例 2Things cannot be transformed overnight.事情不可能在一夜之间改变。翻译蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。Asteam engine transforms heat into power知识拓展(1)tr
28、ansform Ainto B把 A 变成 Btransform sth. from Ato B使从 A 变成 B(2)transformation n.改变；改革【句式解析】so.that.引导结果状语从句(教材 P2)He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreakwas so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10 天内就有 500 多人死亡。句式分析：句中 so.that.意为“如此以至于”，引
29、导结果状语从句。例 1He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。例 2They walked so fast that I could not keep up with them.他们走得那么快，我没法跟上他们。翻译这些大象是如此的聪明，它们可以回答一些数学问题。The elephants were so clever that they were able to answer some math questions.知识拓展(1)soadj.或 adv.adj.a（n）单数可数名词many/few复数可数名词
30、much/little（少的）不可数名词that.(2)sucha（n）adj.单数可数名词adj.不可数名词adj.复数名词that.名师点津(1)little 表示“少”时用 so 修饰，但表示“小”时用 such 修饰。There was so little time left that we must hurry.时间不多了，我们要快一点。They are such little children that they cant understand it.他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。(2)在“so.that.”和“such.that.”结构中，当“so/such.”置于句首时，
31、其所在的句子要用部分倒装。So hot a day was it that they all went swimming.Such a hot day was it thatthey all went swimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。“特殊疑问词不定式”结构(教材 P2)As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no oneknew how to prevent or treat cholera作为一名年轻的医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。句式分析： 句中 how to prevent
32、or treat cholera 为“特殊疑问词不定式”结构，作动词 knew 的宾语。例 1No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease.没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。例 2I dont quite know what to say in answer to your question.我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。翻译想一想不同种类的交通工具的费用并决定怎么到那里。Think about the fare for different kinds of transport and decide how to get there知识拓展(1)常见的
33、特殊疑问词： 疑问代词 who， what， which 等和疑问副词 how， when，where 等。(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。(3)通常用在 tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss 等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时， 不定式通常用主动形式。“否定词比较级”表示最高级(教材 P7)Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on Chinasaerospace s
34、cience than Qian Xuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。句式分析：句中 no.greater.than 为“否定词形容词/副词比较级than”结构，表示最高级。例 1Unfortunately，the technology of climate change is no simpler thananything else.不走运的是，改变气候的科技比任何事情都要复杂。例 2What a wonderful novel！I have never read a more moving one.多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。翻译再没有
35、别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。No other book has had a greater effect on my life.知识拓展表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：never比较级nothing/noso原级as.nothing/no比较级than.比较级thanany单数名词any other单数名词all（the）other复数名词anyone elseany of the other复数名词the rest of复数名词或不可数名词【长难句解析】1 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak w
36、as so severethat more than 500 people died in ten days.分析本句为复合句，动词 discovered 后是 that 引导的宾语从句，其中so.that.引导结果状语从句。译文他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10 天内就有500 多人死亡。2 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a Britishdoctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.分析本句为复合句，until 引导时间状语从句，其中 how it could beovercome 为 how 引导的宾语从句。译文霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一， 直到英国医生约翰斯诺展示了如何战胜它。
