1、1. Many people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic” that means it learns all by itself. 很多人认为人类的大脑是很多人认为人类的大脑是“自行运行的自行运行的”，这，这是说大脑能自是说大脑能自动学习。动学习。assume vt. to think or accept that sth. is true but without having proof of it 认为认为; 假定假定, 假设假设【常用结构常用结构】 assume + sb./sth. (+ to be/as) + ad
2、j. 以为某人以为某人/ /某物是某物是 assume (that) 认为认为; 假定假定 Lets assume (that) 让我们假设让我们假设 It is assumed that 据认为据认为【拓展拓展】 assuming conj. 假设假设为真为真, , 假如假如 assumption n. 假定假定, 设想设想 make an assumption 作出假设作出假设, 认为认为 on the assumption that 假定假定e.g. In this example we have assumed a unit price of $10.We must assume hi
3、m to be innocent until he is proved guilty.It seems reasonable to assume that the book was written around 70 CE.【语境应用语境应用】 根据根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子句子(每每空一空一词词)。1) I _ _ _ _ _ _ (假设你们彼此认识假设你们彼此认识) because you went to the same school. 2) I have always _ _ _ _ _ (认为她是英国人认为她是英国人).assumed that you
4、knew each otherassumed her to be British2. to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt. 积极参与学习过程并反思学到的东西。积极参与学习过程并反思学到的东西。 reflect v. to think carefully about something, or to say sth. that you have been thinking about 仔细思考仔细思考; 表达表达(意见意见) to show or be a sign
5、 of the nature of sth. or of sb.s attitude or feeling 反映反映【拓展拓展】 reflection n. 反射反射; 想法想法; 深思深思 reflective adj. 深思深思的的, 沉思的沉思的【常用结构常用结构】 reflect on / upon 思考思考, 反思反思 be reflected in 反映在反映在中中 e.g. Does this statement reflect your opinions on this matter? 这这份声明反映了你对此事的看法吗？份声明反映了你对此事的看法吗？ I reflected o
6、n / upon all he had said to me. 我我想起了他对我说的一切。想起了他对我说的一切。 【语境应用语境应用】补全句子。补全句子。 1) Our newspaper aims to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (反映当地反映当地人民人民的观点的观点). 2) Your clothes are often _ _ _ _ _ (一种你个性的反映一种你个性的反映). 2) I need time to _ _ _ _ (认真思考你的建议认真思考你的建议).reflect the views of the local people a reflection of reflec
7、t on your advice your personality 3. Argue with your inner voice 和内心的声音争论。和内心的声音争论。 argue vi. to speak angrily to sb. because you disagree with them 争论争论；争辩；争辩 【常用结构常用结构】 argue with sb. about/over sth. 因某事与某人争吵因某事与某人争吵 argue for/against sth. 主张主张, 据理力争据理力争/反对某反对某事事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说
8、服说服某人做某人做/不做某事。不做某事。 argue that 主张主张/ /认为认为e.g. The workers argued for the right to increase the pay. 工人们争取增加工资的权利。工人们争取增加工资的权利。 He argued against the use of the medicine. 他反对使用这种药。他反对使用这种药。 John argued me into buying a new car. John说服说服我买一辆新车。我买一辆新车。We argued him out of going on such a dangerous jo
9、urney. 我们说服他不要去这样危险的旅行。我们说服他不要去这样危险的旅行。【语境应用语境应用】补全句子。补全句子。1) We argued with the waiter _ the price of the meal.2) Joyce _ a new jacket. 乔伊斯说服我买了一件新夹克衫。乔伊斯说服我买了一件新夹克衫。over / aboutargued me into buying4. Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all. 灵活灵
10、活处理你的意见，你最终可能会同意处理你的意见，你最终可能会同意说话说话人或者作人或者作者的话。者的话。1) flexible adj. able to change to suit new conditions or situations 灵活的灵活的, 可可变通变通的的【常用结构常用结构】 be flexible in 在在方面灵活方面灵活 a flexible schedule 一份灵活的计划表一份灵活的计划表a flexible approach to 一个灵活的一个灵活的办法办法flexible working hours 弹性工作时间弹性工作时间【拓展拓展】 flexibility
11、n. 弹性弹性; 灵活性灵活性 inflexible adj. 不可变通的不可变通的, 不灵活的不灵活的【拓展拓展】 end up with 以以结束结束 end up as 最后成为最后成为 end up in 以以结束结束 end up nowhere 一事无成一事无成2) end up doing sth. 以做某事而告终以做某事而告终 e.g. With all these choices out there, I ended up doing most of my volunteer work at a school library. 有这么多选择有这么多选择, 我最终在学校图书馆做
12、了大部分的我最终在学校图书馆做了大部分的志愿者工作。志愿者工作。【语境应用语境应用】翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。 1) 大卫大卫学习很努力，最后成了一名尖子生学习很努力，最后成了一名尖子生。 2) 这位教授以一首诗结束了她的演讲这位教授以一首诗结束了她的演讲。 3) 如果你不逃离火，到头来你就会被烧伤如果你不逃离火，到头来你就会被烧伤。David studied very hard, and he ended (up) as a top student.The professor ended up her speech with a poem.You will end up being bur
13、nt if you dont keep away from the fire.promote v. to help something to develop or increase 促进促进, 增进增进 to give someone a better, more responsible job in a company 擢升擢升, 提升提升, 晋升晋升(某人某人)5. Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning. 提出问题是促进主动学习最简单的方法。提出问题是促进主动学习最简单的方法。【常用结构常用结构】 pr
14、omote the development / growth / understanding 促进发展促进发展/增长增长/加深了解加深了解 promote sb. to sth. 提升提升某人担任某职务某人担任某职务 be promoted to. . . 被提升被提升为为 【拓展拓展】 promotion n. 晋升晋升; 提升提升 a chance of promotion 一个晋升的机会一个晋升的机会【语境应用语境应用】翻译下面句子。翻译下面句子。 1) She worked hard and was soon promoted. 她她工作很努力，很快被提拔了。工作很努力，很快被提拔了。
15、 2) The organisation works to promote friendship between nations. 该该组织致力于促进各国之间的友谊组织致力于促进各国之间的友谊。work out a. 计算计算, 估算估算 b. 理解理解, 弄弄懂懂 c. 锻炼锻炼身体身体, 做做运动运动 d. 制定制定, 拟定拟定, 定定出出 e. (情况等情况等)发展发展, 进行进行 6. , and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding
16、about the topic. 探究问探究问题的过程有助于你更好地理解该主题。题的过程有助于你更好地理解该主题。【语境应用语境应用】翻译下面句子。翻译下面句子。 1) Luckily, things have worked out well so far. 2) We must work out a plan as quickly as we can. 3) He keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning.幸运的是，事情到目前为止进展顺利。幸运的是，事情到目前为止进展顺利。我们必须尽快制定出一个计划。我们必须尽快制定出一个计划。他通
17、过每天早晨锻炼一小时来保持身体健康。他通过每天早晨锻炼一小时来保持身体健康。4) It took me five minutes to work out that question just now. 5) The map I got yesterday is wrong, so I cant work out where we are now.刚刚我花了刚刚我花了五分钟解答五分钟解答那道题。那道题。昨天我拿到的地图是错的，所以我没办法搞清楚我们昨天我拿到的地图是错的，所以我没办法搞清楚我们现在在哪里。现在在哪里。7. They attempt to find the truth at the
18、 heart of each idea. 他们尝试从他们尝试从每个观点最核心的每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相地方寻找真相。attempt v. to try to do sth., especially sth. difficult 试图试图, 尝试尝试, 企图企图【常用结构常用结构】 attempt sth. 尝试某事尝试某事 attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事尝试做某事n. an act of trying to do sth., especially sth. difficult, often with no success 努力努力, 尝试尝试, 企图企图【常用结构常用结构
19、】 make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图试图做某做某事事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试第一次尝试 in an attempt to do 为了做为了做【语境应用语境应用】单句语法单句语法填空填空/单词拼写。单词拼写。 1) Ill attempt _ (answer) all your questions. 2) If you fail _ the first attempt, there is no need to care about that. 3) Every year about 40,000 people _ (尝试尝
20、试) to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. to answeratattemptbe based on 以以为为基础基础; 以以为依据为依据e.g. The film is based on a true story in World War II.这部电影是以第二次世界大战中的一个真实故事这部电影是以第二次世界大战中的一个真实故事为基础的。为基础的。 His theory is based on a series of experiments. 他的理论是基于一系列的实验。他的理论是基于一系列的实验。8. Even whe
21、n an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth. 即使即使某个想法听起来完全不可能，其中某个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也可能也可能有有某个某个 方面方面是基于事实的。是基于事实的。【拓展拓展】 base sth. on/upon 以以为根据为根据/基础；基础； 把把建立在建立在 at the base of. 在在的底部的底部【联想联想】 basis n 根据；基础根据；基础 basic adj. 基础的基础的9. So if someone says that di
22、nosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this.因此因此, 如果有人说现在还有恐龙如果有人说现在还有恐龙, 那就想一下他们为什么那就想一下他们为什么会相信这种观点。会相信这种观点。exist vi. to be real or alive 存在存在; 实际上实际上有有【常用结构常用结构】 exist on 靠靠为生为生 exist by 以以方式为生方式为生 exist in 存在于存在于之中之中 There exists/existed. 某地某地有有; 存在存在【拓展拓展】 existing adj. 现有的，现存的
23、现有的，现存的 existence n. 存在存在; 生存生存 come into existence 产生产生; 成立成立; 开始存在开始存在 in existence 存在存在【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) Pollution is, in fact, threatening our _ (exist).2) This new country _ in 1951. 这个新国家诞生于这个新国家诞生于1951年。年。3) There _ (exist) a good way to solve the problem at present.4) The old man became seriously ill, he has only existed _ milk ever since.came into existenceexistenceexistson
