1、北师大新教材必修第二册课文unit 4 Lesson 1 Avatars虚拟形象The avatar you choose says a lot about you. The article will help you understand your choice of avatars better.你选择的虚拟形象能透露出你的很多信息。这篇文章将帮助你更好地理解关于虚拟形象的选择。When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. Th
2、ese digital identities, known as avatars, are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves.当你上网时，你可以是任何人或任何事物。你可以创设自己的形象，并且拥有新的个性。这些数字身份，被称作“虚拟形象”，这是人们利用互联网进行交流和表达自己的关键部分。The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very fe
3、w people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late1990s, they had been used in web chats like instant messenger.二维虚拟形象最早出现在20世纪80年代的角色扮演电脑游戏中，当时，很少有人知道虚拟形象后来会有如此广泛的形式和用途。20世纪90年代末，虚拟形象被用于网络聊天，如即时通讯。When people started creating their own avatars, they disc
4、overed that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex, and call themselves “Andy” instead of “Anna”! When Internet users reali
5、zed that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar: a sensible one for work; a friendly, good-looking one for meeting people; and a silly one for having fun. Avatars let you express yourself and they give you lots of room for creativ
6、ity.人们开始创设自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创设一种新的身份，这种身份在相貌和行为上可以与真正的自我完全不同。他们可以给自己的虚拟形象穿上华丽的衣服，或者尝试换个性别，可以给自己取名为“安迪”，而不是“安娜”。当互联网用户意识到很多人会看到他们的虚拟形象，而不仅仅是他们的朋友时，他们开始使用不止一个虚拟形象：一个朴素实用的虚拟形象用于工作；一个友好的、好看的虚拟形象用于交友；一个傻乎乎的虚拟形象用于取乐。虚拟形象让你可以表达自己，还给你很多创造空间。Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality
7、. If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is “I like relaxing and having fun”. Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say “Im a really funny person”. Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and
8、act like them. However, nearly all avatars are tall, young and nice-looking, so people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life. They also experiment with things like different hairstyleswhich says a lot, perhaps, about what they want to look like.当然，你所选择的虚拟形象会在很大程度上显露你的个性。
9、如果你的博客头像是一只可爱的猫，你传递的信息是“我喜欢放松和享受”。知名的卡通角色或微笑的猴子传递的信息是“我是个很有趣的人”。大多数人创设的虚拟形象与他们的个性有着相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，在行为上也像他们。然而，几乎所有的虚拟形象都个头高挑、样貌年轻、面容较好，所以人们显然想让他们的虚拟形象看起来比现实生活中更好。人们还进行新的尝试，例如换上不同的发型，这可能从很大程度上透露了他们希望自己看起来是什么样子。Nowadays, avatars are everywhere. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from a selec
10、tion of ready-made images, or create their own images. You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message. The avatars in online worlds can talk, walk and fly around, meet people, go shopping and attend classes.现在，虚拟形象无处不在。在大多数网络聊天中，人们都是从现成的图片中选择一个作为虚拟形象，或者创建自己的图片。当你输入信
11、息时，你也可以让虚拟形象活动起来或说话。网络世界中的虚拟形象可以交谈、走路、飞行，还可以结识他人、购物和上课。The use of avatars has also caused a few concerns. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people
12、 can use avatars to cheat others online. However, other users view avatars in a more positive light. They look forward to a time when their avatar will act like a real person and travel around bigger, more exciting virtual worlds.虚拟形象的使用也引起了一些担忧。一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费了太多时间，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人见面。使用多个虚拟形象也可能会带来
13、风险，因为有人可能会在网上使用虚拟形象来欺骗他人。但是，其他用户则以更为积极的态度看待虚拟形象。他们期待着有朝一日，自己的虚拟形象会像真人一样去环游更广阔、更精彩的虚拟世界。Unit 4 -Lesson3 Internet and FriendshipsThe Internet Harms Friendships互联网对友谊有害While the Internet can bring people closer together, it can also harm friendships.虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。Firstly, talking online is no
14、replacement for face-to-face Robert contactimages really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug. According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. As we know, important social skills are de
15、veloped through direct contact with other people. It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships.首先，在网上聊天并不能代替面对面的交流图片当然无法代替现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。根据育儿专家丹尼斯丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。众所周知，重要的社交技能是通过直接与他人接触培养的，正是这些技能使我们发展终生的友谊。Secondly, the Internet can make people self-centrednot thin
16、king of anyone or anything but themselves. For example, instead of having proper conversations with their friends, some people are only concerned with their online popularityHow many “likes” did I get? How many followers do I have?though we know that the number of “likes” or followers cannot compare
17、 to having long-term and rewarding friendships. In addition, a lot of the content posted on social media is shallow or trivial. Posts about funny cat images do not necessarily help form meaningful relationships. 其次，互联网使人们以自我为中心，不去想除自己之外的任何人或任何事。例如，一些人不再和朋友好好地交谈了，他们只关心自己网上的人气我得了多少个“赞”？多少人关注了我？尽管我们知道有
18、多少“赞”或关注者无法与拥有长期和有益的友谊相比。此外，很多发布在社交媒体上的内容都很肤浅或琐碎。在网上发布搞笑猫咪的图片并不一定会帮助我们发展有意义的关系。Thirdly, online relationships may not be what they appear to be. Friendships are built on the basis of trust, and with online communication you can never be 100 percent sure that the people you are chatting to is being ho
19、nest about who they are. Because of this, going online can be particularly dangerous for people who are easily influenced or too trusting.第三，网络关系可能并不是它们看起来的样子。友谊建立在信任的基础上，通过线上交流，你永远不能百分之百地确信与你交谈的人是否以诚相待。因此，对于那些容易受影响或过于信任他人的人来说，上网尤其危险。In my opinion, friends should focus more on face-to-face communica
20、tion, and less on online communication. This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships.在我看来，朋友们应该多关注面对面的交流，少进行线上交流。这是保持健康关系的最佳方式。Unit 5 -Lesson 1 A Sea Story一个海上的故事About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. 大约三年前，我遭遇了一件可怕的事情。That was the day when it took only six hours to brea
21、k my body and soul. You think I am a very old manbut I am not. It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。你以为我是个很老的人，但我不是。不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fi
22、sh than others. All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. A huge wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the sea. My elder brother put his mouth close to my ear and cried out “Moskoe-strom!” The moment I heard the word I b
23、ecame very frightened. I knew what he meant by that one word well enough.有一天，我和我的两个兄弟又去了我们经常去探险的岛屿，抓到了比其他人更多的鱼。返回途中，突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们就被卷入了可怕的风暴中。我们的船被巨浪淹没了，我弟弟掉进了海里，我哥哥把嘴贴在我耳朵上，大喊：“Moskoe风暴！”一听到这个词，我恐惧至极，就听到这一个词我就明白他的意思了。With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool. We we
24、re hopeless. Nothing could save us. I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool. It may appear strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were
25、 moving towards it. I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature. Suddenly, we went over the edge. I thought my life was over. But moment after moment passed, and I was still safe.伴随着风浪，我们朝着漩涡的方向前进。我们非常无助。没有什么能救我们。我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山
26、顶上掉下来似的。我们一直旋转，越来越靠近那可怕的漩涡边缘。看起来可能很奇怪，但在那一刻，当我们在漩涡边缘的时候，我觉得自己比向它移动时更平静。我开始想，这样死去是多么地令人惊奇，能看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。突然，我们越过了边缘。我以为我的生命要结束了。但时间一分一秒地过去，我仍然是安全的。The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed. I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whi
27、rlpooltrees and barrels. After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself. I then made three important observations. The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down less rapidly; and the third, betw
28、een two objects of the same size, objects shaped like a tube fell down more slowly. So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float. I tried to make my brother understand, but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat. Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.船在巨大的漩涡里面，我们以极快的速
29、度绕着圈子。我清楚地看到在漩涡里还有其他东西树和桶。过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。然后我有三个重要的发现。第一。物体越大，下落越快；第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体落得更慢；第三，在两个同样大小的物体之间，管状物体落得更慢。所以我把自己绑在一个桶上帮助我漂浮。我试图让我哥哥也明白，但他太害怕了，留在了那条沉重的船上。我没继续等，就跳进了海里，尝试逃走。As you can see, the reason why Im here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. Some time after I left t
30、he boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. Soon after that, the whirlpool became less wild. Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer, and the moon was shining. I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.
31、In the end, a boat picked me up. I was very tired. The fishermen were very old friends, but they were unable to recognise me. When I told them my story, they did not believe it. Now I have told you, and I cannot expect you to believe me any more than the fishermen did.如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。在我离
32、开后过了一会儿，那只载着我哥哥的船被卷入漩涡底部。没多久，漩涡就变得不那么疯狂了。然后天空放晴，风平静了下来，月亮在闪闪发光。我仍然跟木桶绑在一起，海浪很快把我带到了一个其他渔民居住的地方。最后，一条船上的人把我救了起来。我疲惫至极。那些渔夫是我的老朋友，但他们已经认不出我了。当我告诉他们我的故事时，他们并不相信。现在故事讲完了，我并不指望你能比那些渔民更相信我。Unit 5 Lesson 3 Race to the Pole奔向南极的比赛On 1 June, 1910, Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey
33、to Antarctica. While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too. Then the race to the South Pole began!1910年6月1日，罗伯特福尔肯斯科特上校离开了伦敦，开始了去南极洲的行程。在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。于是，奔向南极的赛跑就开始了！During the po
34、lar summer of 19101911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.在19101911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备点，为来年的旅程做准备。极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。斯科特和阿蒙森焦急地等待春天的到来。Amundsen was the first to
35、 leave on 8 September, 1911. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the
36、cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。因此，他进展很快。11月1日，斯科特动身，但很快就出现了问题。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。过了一阵子，斯科特和他的队员不得不自己推雪橇。Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December, 1911 and put a Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared
37、for the return journey. Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January, 1912, ten days ahead of their planned schedule.1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达极点，在那里插上了挪威国旗。然后他准备返回。1912年1月25日，阿蒙森和他的团队提前10天安全抵达了他们出发的基地。Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January, 1
38、912.1912年1月17日，斯科特和四名队员终于到达了极点。They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote in his diary: 当看到挪威国旗时，他们非常震惊。斯科特在日记中写道：“Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushingand goodbye to most of our dreams.”“好吧，我们现在已经失去了我们奋斗的目标，而且必须要面对800 英里的艰苦行进并且要
39、跟我们大多数人的梦想说再见。”The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration. The men were soon very tired and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott started to realise their hopeless situation:他们的回程是探险史上最糟糕的旅程之一。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气非常糟糕。斯科特开始意识到他们的处境令人绝望：“We
40、are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess. Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower.”“我们很高兴，但每个人内心里的感受我只能猜到。大家早上鞋子穿得越来越慢。”However, on their way back they found time to lock for rocks. They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them. Lat
41、er, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent cf Antarctica was covered by plants.然而，在回去的路上，他们还花时间去寻找了岩石。他们一路上带着二十公斤的石头。后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。 Then disaster came. Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall. The next to go was Captain Oates, wh
42、o was having great difficulty walking. Scott recorded his death:然后灾难来了。埃德加埃文斯得了一种可怕的疾病，重重地跌倒后去世了。下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。斯科特记下了他的死亡：“He said, I am just going outside and may be some time. We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a
43、 brave man and an English gentleman. We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit, and certainly the end is not far.”“他说，我要出去一下，可能会待上一会儿。我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望能以同样的精神挺到最后，我们也确实快走到最后了。”Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of o
44、ne of their food bases. But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent. Scott spent some of his last hours writing. He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen:斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储备点不足11英里的地方，但随后爆发了一场可怕的风暴，他们无法离开帐篷。在他生命的最后几个小时，斯科特花时间写下一些文字。 他写了一封充满悲伤的信给妻子凯瑟琳：“I co
45、uld tell you lots and lots about this journey. What stories you would have for the boy . but what a price to pay.”“关于这次旅行我有太多太多的事情想告诉你。很多你愿意给孩子讲的故事但付出了多大的代价啊。”Scotts diary also told the story of their end:斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：“We are getting weaker and weaker and the end cant be far. It seems a pity, but
46、 I do not think I can write more.”“我们越来越虚弱，终点可能不远了。非常遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。”The news of Scotts death shocked the world. Even Amundsen was moved by Scotts death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man”. Scott had failed to win the race to th
47、e Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.斯科特死亡的消息震惊了全世界。甚至阿蒙森也被斯科特的离世所触动，他说：“斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真诚、勇敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。”斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为了英雄。A Medical Pioneer医学先锋At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese woman walked slowly on
48、to the stage. She began to talk about the life-saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s. The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans
49、 Forssberg explained that “the discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”. When thanking the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.”在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，一位84岁高龄的中国老奶奶慢慢地走上领奖台。她开始介绍挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。这位女 士就是屠
