1、Unit 2Out of this worldIdentify the use of subject clauses;Work out the rules of subject clauses;Use subject clauses to finish the tasks of correcting mistakes and completing a passage;Write down the prediction about the development of space exploration using subject clauses.1. What is a subject cla
2、use?2. What can introduce a subject clause?A sentence that acts as a subject in a compound sentence is called a subject clause.We use conjunctions, conjunctive pronouns or conjunctive adverbs to introduce subject clauses.What can introduce a subject clause? Can you list some?Conjunctions: that, whet
3、her/ifConjunctive pronouns: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whicheverConjunctive adverbs: when, whenever, where, wherever, how, whyExploring the rulesRead the newspaper feature article on page 20 and fill in the following table.The use of telescopes to explore spaceTime B
4、reakthroughs Use In 1990(1) _(2) _ The Hubble Space Telescope To see further than ground-based telescopes; to play a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energyThe use of telescopes to explore spaceTime Breakthroughs Use (3) _The Kepler Space Telescope(4) _(5) _(6) _To detect communi
5、cation signals between the stars in the universeIn 2009 To search for Earth-size planets orbiting other stars In recent yearsFASTRead the passage in part A and find the sentences with subject clauses. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescope, Whether life on
6、 other planets does exist is yet to be proved, It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.主语从句主语从句一、主语从句一、主语从句概述概述主语主语从句即在主从复合句中用作主语的从句。主语从句通常由连从句即在主从复合句中用作主语的从句。主语从句通常由连词词that, whether/
7、if,连接代词连接代词(what, which, who等等)或连接副词或连接副词(when, where, why, how等等)引导。引导。 What caused the accident is a complete mystery.是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜。是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜。Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否来还是一个问题。她是否来还是一个问题。Which team will win the match is still unknown.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道。哪个队会赢得这场比赛还
8、不知道。二、从属连词二、从属连词that, whether/if引导的主语引导的主语从句从句连接连接词词that本身没有本身没有意义意义，不不作句子成分作句子成分, that不能不能略略；whether/if尽管不充当尽管不充当句子成分句子成分，但是但是含有含有“是否是否”的的意思意思，可可以以加上加上“or not”，其其语意不变。若主语从句位于句首或和语意不变。若主语从句位于句首或和or not 连用连用时时，则则必须用连接词必须用连接词whether，而而不用不用 if。That they will go is certain.他们去是肯定的。他们去是肯定的。Whether shes c
9、oming or not doesnt matter too much.她来不来没有多大关系。她来不来没有多大关系。三、三、it作形式主语引导主语从句作形式主语引导主语从句如果如果主语从句太主语从句太长长，为为避免句子结构避免句子结构头重脚轻头重脚轻，我们我们可用可用it作作形式主语。形式主语。that引导的主语从句可用引导的主语从句可用it代替代替，that 不可省略。不可省略。that引导主语从句引导主语从句时时，常用常用it作形式作形式主语主语，常见常见句型有句型有:(1) It +be+形容词形容词(necessary/ right/likely/ unlikely/ wrong/ i
10、mportant/certain等等)+that从句从句.It is wonderful that all of you have passed the difficult exam!你们都通过了这次很难的考试真令人高兴你们都通过了这次很难的考试真令人高兴!(2) It+ be+名词名词(短语短语)(a pity/a shame/a surprise/no wonder等等)+that从句从句.It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture.你错过了这么精彩的演讲真遗憾你错过了这么精彩的演讲真遗憾。(3) It+ be+过去分词过
11、去分词(said /told/ reported/ decided/ suggested等等)+that从句从句.It is suggested that the lab building (should) be built next year.有人建议实验楼明年修建有人建议实验楼明年修建。(4) It+特殊动词特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters)+that从句从句. It appears that they have made the same mistake. 好像好像他们犯了同样的错误。他们犯了同样的错误。【温馨提示【温馨提示1】在在以下主语从句以下主语
12、从句中中，常常使用虚拟使用虚拟语气语气，即即“should+动词原形动词原形”形形式式，其中其中的的should可以省略。可以省略。It is necessary/strange/important/natural.+that.It is a pity that.It is suggested /requested /required/ proposed/ desired .+that.【温馨提示【温馨提示2】whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末末，但但if引引导的主语从句只能放在句导的主语从句只能放在句末末，且且前面需用前面需用it作形式主
13、语。作形式主语。Whether it is true remains a question.这是否是真的依然是个问题。这是否是真的依然是个问题。It is unknown if he will attend the meeting.他是否会参加会议还不清楚。他是否会参加会议还不清楚。四、由连接代词引导的主语从句四、由连接代词引导的主语从句(1)关系代词关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等等引导主语从句引导主语从句时时，它们它们分分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语别在从句中担任主语、宾语
14、或定语(whose)，不能不能省略。省略。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应当关灯。走得最晚的应当关灯。What you have done might do harm to other people.你的行为可能伤害别人。你的行为可能伤害别人。(2) what引导主语从句表示引导主语从句表示“的东西的东西/事情事情”时时，等同等同于于the thing(s)which/that。what, who, whom, which,可以和可以和ever构构成合成词引导成合成词引导从句从句，ever 起强调作
15、用。这些关系词在句子中起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当充当成分成分，所以所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。引导。What I need (=The thing which/that I need) is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移动电话。我所需要的是一部移动电话。Whoever leaves the office should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。五、连接副词引导的主语从句五、连接副词引导的主语从句连接副词连接副词when, where, why, how,
16、however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句等引导主语从句时时，它们它们在从句中担任在从句中担任状语状语，不能不能省略。省略。How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer.电话是怎样工作电话是怎样工作的的，这个这个问题并不是每个人都能回答。问题并不是每个人都能回答。六、主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况六、主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况(1) 含含主语从句的复合句是疑问句、感叹句主语从句的复合句是疑问句、感叹句时时，主语主语从句不从句不可可提前提前，用用引导词引导词it作形式主语。作形式主
17、语。Is it really true that he has gone abroad?他真的出国了吗他真的出国了吗?(2) It is said/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前。结构中的主语从句不可提前。Its said that the play is very interesting.据说这部戏剧很有趣据说这部戏剧很有趣。(3) It happens/occurs.结构中的主语从句不可提前。结构中的主语从句不可提前。It occurs to her that she has forgotten to lock the door.她突然想起忘了锁门。她突然想起忘了锁门。(4)
18、It doesnt matter how/whether or not.结构中的主语从句结构中的主语从句不可提前。不可提前。It doesnt matter how he will come.他怎么来不重要。他怎么来不重要。it作形式主语和作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句作形式主语代替主语从句, 主要是为了平衡句子结主要是为了平衡句子结构构, 主语从句的主语从句的连接词有变化连接词有变化。it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调, 无论无论强调的是什么成分强调的是什么成分, 都可用连词都可用连词that。被强调部
19、分指。被强调部分指人时也可人时也可who/whom。主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句强调句强调句强调句强调句e.g. It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. We can use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence. We ca
20、n use _ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a statement. We can use _ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a yes-no question. We can use a question word to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a wh-question. We often use _ as the preparatory subject when a subject c
21、lause is very long.Working out the rulesthatwhetheritCircle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks.1 The space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.Predicate verbSubject clauselack of a word introducing the clauseThat the space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.Applyi
22、ng the rules2 Whether they are able to grow more vegetables depend on how much time it takes.Predicate verbSubject clausethird person singularWhether they are able to grow more vegetables depends on how much time it takes.3 It was not clear how long he will stay on the space station.preparatory subj
23、ectSubject clausewrong tenseIt is not clear how long he would stay on the space station.4 What the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth.Subject clausethe clause is a statementThat the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth.5 That makes
24、the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket.Subject clausethe clause is a questionWhat makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket.Complete the passage with the correct subject clauses in the box below.a how it laid the fo
25、undation for future explorationb that the data gathered by them provided valuable informationc what advances China will make in the futured why China is one of the world leaders in space exploratione what amazed the whole nation in October 2010The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program is also known as t
26、he Change Program. Run by the China National Space Administration, Chinas space agency, it comprises three stages: orbiting, landing, and returning.The programs first spacecraft, Change 1 Lunar orbiter, was launched in October 2007.It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon. _ was that Change 2 re
27、ached the Moon within just five days. With better techniques and equipment, Change 2 completed a more detailed scan of the Moon before heading into deep space. The success of the two spacecraft showed the world how far Chinese space exploration had come. It was evident _.eba how it laid the foundati
28、on for future explorationb that the data gathered by them provided valuable informationc what advances China will make in the futured why China is one of the world leaders in space exploratione what amazed the whole nation in October 2010December 2013 witnessed the Chinese spacecrafts first soft lan
29、ding on the Moon. The landing of Change 3 proved to be a success and _ was plain to see. In January 2019 Change 4 succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon.In December 2020, Change 5 successfully collected and returned lunar samples. China has successfully completed the three stages of the pr
30、ogram. However, _ is anybodys guess.aca how it laid the foundation for future explorationb that the data gathered by them provided valuable informationc what advances China will make in the futured why China is one of the world leaders in space exploratione what amazed the whole nation in October 20
31、10Fill in the table below about the major achievements of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program.Spacecraft Time of launchMajor achievementsChange 1(1)_ (2)_Change 2(3)_(4)_Change 3(5)_ (6)_Change 4(7)_ (8)_Change 5(9)_ (10)_In October 2007In October 2010In December 2013In January 2019In December 202
32、0It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon.It completed a more detailed scan of the Moon.It landed on the Moon.It succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon.It successfully collected and returned lunar samples.Describe the major achievements of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program using su
33、bject clauses.What Change 1 did was that it successfully orbited and scanned the Moon.That Change 3 landed on the Moon laid the foundation for future exploration.It was exciting that Change 4 succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon.用主语从句完成用主语从句完成句子句子。1. 他他昨天晚上干了些什么正在调查之中。昨天晚上干了些什么正在调查之中。 is
34、 being investigated. 2. 她她成为艺术家可能是受她父亲的影响。成为艺术家可能是受她父亲的影响。may have been due to her fathers influence. 3. 他们他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 was a problem. What he did last nightThat she became an artistWhether they would support us4. 竟竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。有这么多人失业这是不公平的。so many people should lose their jobs.
35、 5. 谁谁先到就会获奖。先到就会获奖。will receive a prize. Its unfair thatWhoever comes firstFill in the blanks with the proper linking words to form subject clauses.1. _ learning a foreign language can develop students thinking ability is well accepted.2. _ makes Tom so extraordinary is his rich imagination and his
36、 ability to express himself.3. It is common knowledge _ the Earth is the only planet in the solar system suitable to live on.4. Did it ever occur to you _ she was telling a white lie?ThatWhatthatthat5. _ we feel about ourselves is sometimes affected by other peoples opinions.6. _ there is life on ot
37、her planets remains to be discovered.7. _ we should put the album is a problem.8. It has not been decided yet _ we shall go on a trip to Japan.9. _ the man broke into the car is not known.10. We need to bear in mind that _ holds fast to dreams is more likely to succeed.WhetherwhenwhereHowwhoeverWhatWrite down your prediction about the development of space exploration, using subject clauses.
