1、Unit 3 Back to the pastGrammar and usagePredicative clausesRead the article in Part A about the introduction to the great historian Sima Qian and answer the following questions.1. What dynasty did Sima Qian belong to? 2. What helped Sima Qian in his later career as a historian?3. What did his father
2、 do? And what was his fathers dream?4. What can we learn from his success?Lead-inExploring the rulesRead the given example sentence of predicative clauses in the article on Page 34 and answer the following questions.1. Whats the predicative of the sentence of “Learning and travelling were exactly wh
3、at helped him in his later career as a historian”? 2. Could you find other similar sentences in the passage?Exploring the rules His fathers dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effecti
4、vely and efficiently.Working out the rules We can use a noun clause as the predicative of a sentence.We can use that to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (1) _. We can use whether to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (2) _. We can use what, why, when, where, etc.
5、to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (3) _.Exploring the rulesstatementyes-no questionwh-question找表语She is a mother of two babies.Her cake tastes good.She looks awesome.She keeps working out every day.The whole family is never out of order.表语是啥：名词、形容词、动名词、介词、不定式等说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态
6、系动词后面名词充当表语名词充当表语动名词充当表语动名词充当表语形容词充当表语形容词充当表语介词短语充当表语介词短语充当表语系动词有哪些？1.be动词2.感官动词：feel, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, smell.3.表示状态：remain, keep, stay4.表示变化：become, get, grow, turn, go, fall5.证明：prove, turn outYesterday is history.Tomorrow is a mystery.Today is a gift.Thats why its called the pres
7、ent!昨日之日不可知，明日之日不可求，而今天是一笔财富，这就是为什么我们称其为现今（现金）。表语从句表语从句是啥？表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，用于系动词之后，表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语从句引导词连接词：that/whether/as if/as though连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词：when/where/why/how/because引导词-that用法1) that 在从句中不担任句子成分，无实际意义，不能省略The fact is that our team has won the game
8、.2)在表“建议，劝说，命令”的名词suggestion, advice, request, 等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”（虚拟语气），should可省略My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.引导词-whether用法whether在表语从句中表 , 但不充当句子的成分。if 引导表语从句.1.What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.2. The
9、 question is whether it is worth doing.“是否是否”不能不能引导词-what用法what 在表语从句中充当_ 表示_.1. The question is what caused the accident. 2. That mountain is no longer what it used to be.3. What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.4. A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not what ships are built f
10、or.主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语什么，什么样子，或所什么，什么样子，或所的（人或事）的（人或事）引导词-who用法who 在表语从句中充当_表示_.1. The problem is who could do the work2. My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to.主语、宾语主语、宾语谁谁引导词-which用法which 在引导表语从句时,常充当_表示_。如：I read about it in some book or aother, but what I dont know is which (book) it is. 定语、表语定语、表语
11、其中哪一个其中哪一个引导词-as if/though用法as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面as if/as though引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气。It looks as if he were her own father.(与事实不符)Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if its going to rain.引导词-because用法because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。
12、My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.that, why 与 because 引导表语从句时的区别 1. The reason was that you dont trust her. 2. He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital. 3. He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill. 三者均可引导表语从句， that 没有词义，why 和 because 有自己的意思；why强调结果，be
13、cause 强调原因。The reason why we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied reason 做主语时，表语从句只能用做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导，句型结引导，句型结构为：构为： The reason (why/for)is /was that. The reason is thatthat连接副词连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。Thats where I c
14、ant agree with you.This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how they overcome the difficulties.My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.where, when, why, how引导的表语从句 1、名词主语bewh-疑问词引导的从句 The trouble is where we can get the things we need.2、wh- 引导的主语从句bethat 从句 What surprised
15、 me most was that all the pupils were unusually quiet.3、This / That be wh-疑问词引导的从句This is how you make the Italian pizza.表语从句的常用句型表语从句引导词注意事项1. that引导表语从句时不能省.2. if不能引导表语从句.3.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。4. 除that, whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分5.表语从句中，从句用陈述句语序1. I got six books from the library. The question is
16、 _ one I should read first!2. The truth is _ there are many reasons why wars break out.3. We have made it a rule that visitors must not touch the china vases. The problem is _ some visitors do not pay attention to it.4. The museum was closed. That was _ we couldnt see the historical documents.5. The
17、 two historians disagree with each other. The question is _ it is possible to prove who is right.6. Besides having the history classes at school, we also visit historic destinations. That is _ we learn about important events in history.Applying the ruleswhich that that why whether how B1In the first
18、 century BCE, Sima Qian completed the Shiji, which describes historical events and figures from the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to his own time.Totalling over 520,000 Chinese characters and extending over a period of about 3,000 years, the Shiji consists of 130 chapters in five cate
19、gories. What makes this book remarkable in content is (1) _ it not only includes vivid descriptions of historical figures such as emperors, ministers or other exceptional figures, but also lists important events in different periods. Another thing to note is (2) _ it covers advances in astronomy, mu
20、sic, the calendar and so on.Applying the rulesthat that B2Applying the ruleshow whyOne of the main features of the Shiji is (3) _ the biographies are presentedin the form of stories rather than dry facts. Sima Qian was able to use a small number of words to describe a historical event or figure vivi
21、dly. Some of the phrases employed in this book are still in constant use.Even today, the events and figures in the Shiji seem real when you read aboutthem. Later historians wrote 23 more official histories in a similar format. Together with the Shiji, these were edited in the Qing Dynasty. That is (
22、4) _ these works became known as the Twenty-Four Histories. They are among the most important records of Chinese history.B3 Write a short paragraph based on each of the situations below, using predicative clauses. Use the example below to help you.Id like to join you in doing the project on the Firs
23、t World War, but my concern is that I dont have much knowledge of it.Applying the rulesExample1. Tom is so nervous about his history test tomorrow.Tom is going to have a history test tomorrow. The problem is that he gets stressed very easily whenever he takes a test. One way to stay relaxed is to ke
24、ep calm and breathe deeply. Tom hopes it will help solve his problem. Applying the rules2. Davids new book on world history has sold 10,000 copies!Davids new book has become a bestseller. At first, his concern was whether anyone would read his book. Actually, it is a well-written book that is also fun to read. The reason why his book has sold so many copies is that Davids love for history is represented in the way he writes about the topic. Applying the rules
