1、Unit 4 Breaking boundariesboundary n 1 分界线；边界boundary between The Mississippi River forms a natural boundary between Iowa and Illinois.密西西比河使艾奥瓦州和毅力诺伊州的天然边界。 National boundaries are becoming increasingly meaningless in the global economy.在全球经济中，国界已经变得越来越没有意义。 We would need their agreement to build o
2、utside the city boundary.我们在世界以外的地方建房需要他们批准。 The stream curves round to mark the boundary of his property.小河打了个弯，为他这块地画出了边界。 Anything that crosses the boundary of a black hole cannot get back.任何物质只要跨越黑洞的界线就再也回不来了。 We walked through the churchyard towards the boundary wall.我们穿过教堂目的，向院墙走去。 The propert
3、ys boundary line is 25 feet from the back of the house.这块地产的边界线在屋后25英尺的地方。 boundary disputes between neighbouring countries林国之间的边界争端2 限度，界限，极限 the boundaries of human knowledge人类知识的极限within/beyond the boundaries of something within the boundaries of the law在法律许可范围内push back the boundaries (of someth
4、ing) 扩大（某事物的）范围 art that pushes back the boundaries突破界限的艺术3 （不同情感、思想、品质等之间的）分界，分界线boundary of/between the boundaries between work and play工作和娱乐之间的界线 the blurring of the boundaries between high and popular culture高雅文化和通俗文化之间界线的模糊vital adj 1 极其重要的，必不可少的 The work she does is absolutely vital.她所做的工作至关重要
5、。vital to These measures are vital to national security.这些措施对国家安全极其重要。vital for Regular exercise is vital for your health.经常锻炼对健康非常重要。it is vital (that) It is vital that you keep accurate records.做好准备的记录极为重要。it is vital to do something It is vital to keep accurate records.做好准备的记录非常重要。 It is vital to
6、 be honest with your children.对自己的孩子坦诚十分重要。 The tourist industry is of vital importance to the national economy.旅游业对国家的经济至关重要。 Richardson played a vital role in the teams success.理查森对球队的成功齐了极为重要的作用。 The samples could give scientists vital information about long-term changes in the Earths atmosphere.
7、这些样本可以给科学家提供关于地球大气长期变化的极其重要的资料。2 生气勃勃的，充满活力的 Rodgers and Harts music sounds as fresh and vital as the day it was written.罗杰斯于哈特的音乐下载听来还有刚写成使得那份清新和活力。3 维持生命所必需的 the bodys vital processes集体的生命活动 vital organs (=heart, lungs etc)生命器官assist v 1 协助，帮助assist (somebody) with/in something You will be employe
8、d to assist in the development of new equipment.你将受聘协助开发新设备。assist somebody to do something We want to assist people to stay in their own homes.我们想帮助人们待在自己家里。2 使便利 They had no maps to assist them.他们没有地图帮忙。disinfect v 1 为消毒，给杀菌 First use some iodine to disinfect the wound.先用碘酒给伤口消毒。 Disinfect the are
9、a thoroughly.把这个区域彻底消毒。devotion n 1 深爱，挚爱devotion to Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children.阿兰娜对她的孩子一直都表现出深切的爱。2 奉献，忠心devotion to the soldiers courage and devotion to duty这名士兵的勇气和忠于职守 his integrity and devotion to his patients他的正直及对病人的奉献精神compensate v 1 弥补，补偿 Because my left eye is
10、 so weak, my right eye has to work harder to compensate.因为我左眼视力差，右眼就要辛苦点来弥补一下。compensate for Her intelligence more than compensates for her lack of experience.他才智过人，因此虽然经验不足，却也游刃有余。2 赔偿，补偿 the governments promise to compensate victims of the flood政府对水灾灾民给予补偿的许诺compensate somebody for something The f
11、irm will compensate workers for their loss of earnings.公司将补偿工人的收入损失。mankind noun Since earliest times, mankind has been fascinated by fire.人类自远古以来就对火很感兴趣。 one of the most important events in the history of mankind人类历史上最重大的事件之一realistic adj 1 现实的；实际的；实事求是的it is not realistic to do something Its just
12、not realistic to expect a promotion so soon.这么快就像升职根本不现实。realistic about You need to be realistic about the amount you can do in a day.你对自己一天能完成多少工作量要现实一点。2 （目标、希望）能够实现的 Is this a realistic target?这个目标能过实现吗？ I dont think they have a realistic chance of winning.我认为他们没有机会赢。3 （图画、故事）逼真的栩栩如生的 a realisti
13、c portrayal of life in Victorian Britain英国维多利亚时代生活的真实写照cast v 1 cast light on/onto something使了解某事；阐明（论述）某事 research findings that cast new light on the origin of our universe使我们进一步了解宇宙起源的研究发现 The numerous biographies of Baldwin cast little light on the subject.鲍德温的众多传记都没怎么说明这个问题2 cast doubt(s) on so
14、mething 使怀疑某事，使不确信某事 Her documentary casts serious doubt on Gilligans conviction.她的纪录片使人对吉利根的判决产生极大的怀疑3 投射（光或影） The flames cast dancing shadows on the walls.火光的影子在墙上舞动。 the shade cast by low-hanging branches低垂的树枝投下的阴影4 cast a shadow/cloud over something给某事蒙上阴影 The allegations cast a cloud over the m
15、ayors visit.这些指控给市长的访问蒙上了阴影 Her fathers illness cast a shadow over the wedding celebrations.她父亲的病给婚礼蒙上了阴影。5 投去（一瞥、一眼）cast a look/glance at somebody/something She cast an anguished look at Guy.她痛苦地瞥了盖伊一眼。cast somebody a glance/look The young tramp cast him a wary glance.年轻的流浪汉警惕地瞅了一眼。 She blushed, ca
16、sting her eyes down.她脸红了，垂下了眼帘。6 cast an eye on/over something 迅速检查（浏览）某物 Mellor cast an eye over the draft for inaccuracies.没了少了一眼草稿，看有没有错误。cast a critical/expert etc eye Tonight, Tim Goodman casts a cynical eye on TV ads.今晚上蒂姆 古德曼会以怀疑的眼光来审视电视广告。7 cast a vote/ballot 投票8 cast aspersions on something
17、/somebody回想，回顾，追忆 Cast your mind back to our first day at school.回想一下第一天上学的情景。 He frowned, casting his mind back over the conversation.他皱起眉头，回想着那次谈话。9 为挑选演员，选派（角色）cast somebody alongside/opposite somebody 选派某人与某人合演 Pfeiffer was expected to be cast alongside Douglas in Basic Instinct.菲佛曾有望和道格拉斯一起出演本能
18、。cast somebody as something Coppola cast him as Sodapop in The Outsiders.科波拉让他在局外人中扮演索达波普。cast somebody in a role/a part/the lead The producer finally cast Finch in the male lead.制片人最后让芬奇出演男主角。10 把（某人）描写成，将（某人）描述为cast somebody as something Clinton had cast himself as the candidate of new economic op
19、portunity.克林顿曾把自己说成是能够创造新经济机会的候选人。 Clarkes trying to cast me in the role of villain here. 克拉克现在师徒把我说成恶棍。rewarding adj 值得做的，有益的，有意义的 Teaching can be a very rewarding career.教书可以是一种很有意义的职业。dedicate v 1 致力于，献身于dedicate yourself/your life to something The actress now dedicates herself to childrens chari
20、ty work.这名女演员现在致力于儿童慈善工作。2 （题）献给dedicate something to somebody The book was dedicated to her husband.这本书献给她的丈夫。3 （以某人的名字）为（建筑物）举行命名仪式4 把 专用于dedicate something to/for something The company dedicated $50,000 for the study.该公司维词项研究拔出专款5万美金。endure v 1 忍耐；忍受 It seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain.似乎谁都不可能忍受这样的疼痛。endure doing something He cant endure being apart from me.他不能忍受和我分开。influential adj 有影响力的 He had influential friends.他有一些有影响力的朋友。influential in Dewey was influential in shaping economic policy.杜伟对指定经济政策有影响力。 a highly influential art magazine一本集邮影响力的艺术杂志9学科网（北京）股份有限公司
