1、基于语篇主题意义的基于语篇主题意义的完形填空解题技巧完形填空解题技巧【精品PPT】2020年中考英语复习专题讲座课件12345语篇语篇主题意义主题意义中外完形填空试题研究中外完形填空试题研究教学环节（教学环节（2 2个案例）个案例）教学建议教学建议ONTENTS内内容容大大纲纲12345语篇语篇主题意义中外完形填空试题研究教学环节（2个案例）教学建议ONTENTS内内容容大大纲纲 语篇不是语或声音的简单堆砌，语篇必须有内容和意义。如果把一组无关联的句子或段落堆砌在一起，即使每个句子和每个段落都有一定的意义，但这些堆砌在一起的句子或段落并不能构成真正的语篇，因为它们没有连贯的内容，也没有意义。只
2、有具有特定内容和意义的语篇才是真正的语篇。语篇语篇 语篇不仅要有内容，而且其内容要围绕一定的主题。语篇是现实生活中为了实现某种交际目的而生产的语言。交际通常发生在一定的情景之中，而且有特定的目的。交际的情景就是语境，交际的目的就是语篇的主题。语言学习就是通过在语境中学习有主题意义的语篇来实现的。12345语篇主题意义主题意义中外完形填空试题研究教学环节（2个案例）教学建议ONTENTS内内容容大大纲纲 主题是作者对现实的观察、体验、分析、研究以及对材料的处理、提炼而得出的思想结晶。它既包含所反映的现实生活本身所蕴含的客观意义，又集中体现了作者对客观事物的主观认识、理解和评价。 主题意义主题意义
3、12345语篇主题意义中外完形填空试题研究中外完形填空试题研究教学环节（2个案例）教学建议ONTENTS内内容容大大纲纲国外完形填空试题研究 理论依据为“格式塔”心理学：主张研究直接经验（即意识）和行为，强调经验和行为的整体性，认为整体不等于并且大于部分之和，主张以整体的动力结构观来研究心理现象。一篇文章或其中的几个段落也是一个整体，有完整的内容结构和中心思想。如果从中抽掉一些词汇，完全可以通过对上下文的分析、推理和归纳做出判断，并将被抽去的词补上，使其恢复原样。这个分析、推理、归纳、判断和修复的过程能考查对各种语言现象综合运用的能力。完形填空试题研究完形填空试题研究国内完形填空试题研究李建仓
4、（2003）认为完形填空是在语篇层次上考察学生综合运用语言的能力，并分别从情景、立意和设问三个方面，再结合英语考试的实际，阐述完形填空的测试历程，之后结合学生完形填空解题能力来探讨英语教学、英语学习和完形填空测试之间的关系。文慧，聂建中（2007）指出完形填空有四个考点：单词、词组、句子和语篇。 在主题意义引领下、以语篇为依托，整合性的学习语言知识和文化知识，通过学习理解、应用实践、迁移创新等一系类促进语言、文化、思维融合发展的行动，帮助学生以主动、合作、探究的学习方式，运用所学语言知识和听说读写看等语言技能，以及多种学习策略，获取文化知识、理解文化内涵、比较文化异同，汲取文化精华，发展逻辑思
5、维、批判思维和创新思维，涵养内在精神，指向知行合一；使围绕主题意义的探究活动逐步从基于语篇的学习走向深入语篇和超越语篇的解决问题的技能，实现从知识向能力、能力向素养的转化，把英语学科核心素养的育人目标落到实处。主题意义引领主题意义引领主题意义主题意义英语学习活动观英语学习活动观12345语篇主题意义中外完形填空试题研究教学环节（教学环节（2 2个案例）个案例）教学建议ONTENTS内内容容大大纲纲关注文本首段和尾段，明确文章主题教学环节教学环节Step 1 Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young
6、 and _1_learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems.（首段）（首段） The manager_14_this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life, sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems.（尾段）（尾段）分段了解大意，再次明确文章主题教学环节（教学环节（2 2）Step 2Read paragr
7、aph 1 and answer:Read paragraph 1 and answer:Questions: What is a team? What should everyone do in a team? What do you think of the young? Guess what the company will do? Thirty engineers were working as a team Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager in a comp
8、any. They were young and eager learn. The management decided to teach learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to them about finding real solutions to problems.problems.Read paragraph 2 and answer:Read paragraph 2 and answer: One day, the team was called for a 13 _in
9、a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various 14_. As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full of flat balloons.Questions: Why were they surprised? Guess what they will use the flat balloons for? Read paragraph 3 and answer:Read paragraph 3 and answer: T
10、he manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的)balloons_15_so that the balloons wouldnt blow out. All tried, but not everyone was_16_. Five balloons blew out due to pressure（压力）.Questions: How do they write their names to
11、 make the balloons not blow out? What will the company do next to make them find the real solutions? Read paragraph 4 and answer:Read paragraph 4 and answer: Those who failed mark their names on the balloons were _17_out of the game. As a result, 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons
12、 carrying their names were _18_ and then put into a room, here and there.Questions: What happened to the people who didnt find their names? Why do they put the balloons here and there？ Read paragraph 5 and answer:Read paragraph 5 and answer: The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or he
13、r name on, All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to _19_ the right one. The second level of the game was over.Questions: Is it easy to find the balloons with their names? How should they do to find it easily? Read par
14、agraph 6 and answer:Read paragraph 6 and answer: Then came the final level. the engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to the person named on the balloon. Within a couple of minutes, all balloons _20_ the hands of the respective engineers. Questions: Is it easy to find the balloons wit
15、h their names? So all the balloons _the hands of the respective engineers.Read paragraph 7 and answer:Read paragraph 7 and answer: The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life, sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems. Questions: Whats
16、the real solution to the problem?Para. ContentWhat will they do to find the real solution to the problem? Para. ContentFeelings Person 1Person 2Person 3回读全文，初选答案，关注文章衔接教学环节教学环节Step 3 Thirty engineers were working as a team Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eag
17、er in a company. They were young and eager learn. The management decided to teach learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to them about finding real solutions to problems.problems. One day, the team was called for a 13 _in a hall. They were quite surprised and all re
18、ached the hall holding various 14_. As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full of flat balloons.( ) 13.A.game B.show C.concert D.party( ) 14.A.purposes B.suggestions C.thoughts D.plans 复读全文，验证选项教学环节教学环节Step 420102010中考中考To be sure of yourself no matter To be sure of yourself no mat
19、ter what happens. what happens. What does the writer want to tell us? Find the main things that the president and Ricky did and the feelings they had meanwhile. Step 1Step 2 It was yearbook day and we were given an hour to sign each others yearbooks in the cafeteria. I was president of the class and
20、 I played sports. When I sat down at a table, people started to come over to get their yearbooks signed and to sign _16_. Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kept shaking. I had seen him around, and I knew he was always laughed at. He seemed _17_ of himself, and was so pale that
21、 it _18_us to look at him. He came up and asked me nervously, “Can you sign this?” I took his yearbook but I didnt know _19_to write. I saw that there was the name “Ricky Sanders” written on the front of it. So I wrote:Ricky, I think youre a really nice kid, and l hope you have lots of fun in your s
22、ummer vacation. Signnature：Will I put down the yearbook and turned around to get some signatures from some of my friends when I _20_ my yearbook was gone. I saw that Ricky had sat down with my yearbook. “What are you doing?” I asked him. He looked up calmly(平静地) and _21_said, “Sign!” My friends brok
23、e into a loud laugh, and I saw that he was carefully trying to put a signature in my yearbook. He hadnt even finished the “R” yet. I thought for a while and _22_to let him sign. It took him nearly five minutes to sign and when I got my yearbook back, there was a very shaky “RICKY”. He hugged(紧抱) his
24、 yearbook and _23_. I couldnt help but smile back at him. In that moment, my _24_ changed completely. I gave him a high five and suddenly everyone at my table wanted his signature. He was asked politely to write in their yearbooks and the signature _25_ of his yearbook were filled up. He was smiling
25、 so big that it lit up the whole room. I changed school the next year, and I I changed school the next year, and I never saw Ricky again. However, I will never saw Ricky again. However, I will never forget the day that he became the never forget the day that he became the most most _26_26_guy in sch
26、ool. Whenever Im guy in school. Whenever Im _27_27_, I still look back at that yearbook., I still look back at that yearbook.ParPara.a. Structure Structure Content Content Signature SignatureFeelingsFeelings 1&21&2IntroductionIntroductionDescribe the Describe the settingsetting(When, (When, Where)Wh
27、ere)Introduce Introduce characters characters (Who)(Who)P.P. sat downsat downSelf-Self-importaimportant, nt, arroganarrogant t C.C. came overcame over-R.R. kept shaking, kept shaking, laughted atlaughted atugly ugly teeth,thick teeth,thick glassesglassesUnsure-Unsure-palepale3.4.5Events / Events / M
28、iddleMiddleP. P. asked asked to sign to sign his and his and sign sign othersothersR.came up and asked nervouslysat down , looked upcalmlyput the P.s signaturecarefullyhugged and smiledP. not know what to writelook down upon himWhat are you doing?couldnt help but smiledC. broke into a loud laugh 6So
29、lution Solution / Ending/ EndingPs Ps attitude attitude changedchangedP. gave him a gave him a high five high five politely politely C.wanted his wanted his signature signature R. smiling big(influenced others)popular 7 Revealing themes Pnever forget look up (be sure of yourself)Inspired Compare the
30、 words in brackets and tell which word express the theme betterStep 3 It was yearbook day and we were given an hour to sign each others yearbooks in the cafeteria. I was president of the class and I played sports. When I sat down at a table, people started to come over to get their yearbooks signed
31、and to sign _16_. Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kept shaking. I had seen him around, and I knew he was always laughed at. He seemed_17_ (unsure , unafraid) of himself, and was so pale that it _18_(worried , surprised, hurt)us to look at him. He came up and asked me ( patie
32、ntly, nervously, slowly) “Can you sign this?” I took his yearbook but I didnt know_19_ to write. I saw that there was the name “Ricky Sanders” written on the front of it. So I wrote: Ricky, I think youre a really nice kid, and l hope you have lots of fun in your summer vacation. Signnature：Will I pu
33、t down the yearbook and turned around to get some signatures from some of my friends when I _20_ my yearbook was gone. I saw that Ricky had sat down with my yearbook. “What are you doing?” I asked him. He looked up calmly(平静地) and _21_(even, still, just )said, “Sign!” My friends broke into a loud la
34、ugh, and I saw that he was (carelessly, hurriedly, carefully ) trying to put a signature in my yearbook. He hadnt even finished the “R” yet. I thought for a while and _22_to let him sign. It took him nearly five minutes to sign and when I got my yearbook back, there was a very shaky “RICKY”. He hugg
35、ed(紧抱) his yearbook and _23_ (cried, waited, smiled). I couldnt help but smile back at him. In that moment, my _24_ (idea, value, attitude) changed completely. I gave him a high five and suddenly everyone at my table wanted his signature. He was asked ( impolitely, directly, politely ) to write in t
36、heir yearbooks and the signature _25_ of his yearbook were filled up. He was smiling so big that it lit up the whole room. I changed school the next year, and I I changed school the next year, and I never saw Ricky again. However, I will never saw Ricky again. However, I will never forget the day th
37、at he became the never forget the day that he became the most most (important, popular )(important, popular )guy in school. guy in school. Whenever Im Whenever Im ( (behind,downbehind,down) ), I still look , I still look back at that yearbook.back at that yearbook.12345语篇主题意义中外完形填空试题研究教学环节（2个案例）教学建议教学建议ONTENTS内内容容大大纲纲教学建议教学建议1.1.根据主题意义进行归类，有利于学生巩固词根据主题意义进行归类，有利于学生巩固词 汇和短语。汇和短语。2.2.把首尾段有明显主题意义的文段归类，有利把首尾段有明显主题意义的文段归类，有利 于帮助学生进一步夯实此类题的做题方法。于帮助学生进一步夯实此类题的做题方法。3.3.在做题过程中通过分析、推理、归纳、判断在做题过程中通过分析、推理、归纳、判断 和修复来不断验证自己的推断。和修复来不断验证自己的推断。4.4.没有明显主题意义的文本可以通过抓明暗线没有明显主题意义的文本可以通过抓明暗线 来帮助学生确立主题。来帮助学生确立主题。
