1、Section Discovering Useful Structures核心单词1.operation operation n n手术；企业；经营(教材P18)During the operation, operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him.手术期间，她在候诊室里坐了一个多小时，为他担心。do/perform an operation (on sb.) (给某人)做手术in operation 工作中；有效put sth. into operation 实施an emergency
2、 operation 紧急手术put sth. into operation 使运转，启动come into operation 投入运营have an operation on sb. 给某人做手术a rescue operation 营救行动safe operation 安全操作The doctor bent over to perform an operation on the patient.医生俯身给病人做手术。Many private galleries are in operation, with many more opening each year.很多私人画廊在经营，每年也
3、会有很多新的画廊开业。The regulations have been put into operation on a trial basis.这些规定已开始试行。词语积累：operate vi.运转；动手术 vt.操作operator n操作员，经营者operating adj.操作的，外科手术的operate a computer操作计算机operate a company经营一家公司be easy to operate容易操作operate on sb.为某人做手术operating costs运营成本operating table手术台 误区警示：operate表示“做手术”时是不及
4、物动词，后面接on，然后接人或者身体的部位；表示“操作”时是及物动词，直接跟宾语。单句语法填空/完成句子The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered from his heart _ (operate) soon.The operation _ the old man will be carried out on schedule.The new rules will be _ operation soon.To our great joy, the new machine is really easy _ (operate).
5、With the help of his teammate, the _ (operate) responded immediately to the event.The doctor decided to _(给做手术)the patient at once.Its a wonderful plan, and hes just the man to _ (实施).operationoperationononininto operateto operateoperatoroperatorperform an operation on/operate onperform an operation
6、 on/operate onput it into operationput it into operation2.whisper vi. & vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传(教材P18)I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not wanting to be heard.我看见她对他耳语了几句，显然不想被其他人听见。whisper sth. to sb. 把某事悄悄告诉某人whisper about sth. 密谈某事whisper sth.in ones ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事It
7、is whispered that. 有人私下说in a whisper/in whispers(in a low voice) 低声地She is whispering a story to her daughter.她低声地给女儿讲着故事。Jane whispered the secret in my ear.简把秘密悄悄地告诉了我。It is whispered that he is heavily in debt.据传闻他负债累累。They were talking in whispers.他们在悄悄地谈话。I heard a whisper that he had been admi
8、tted to a university.我听传闻他已考入了大学。：whisper后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还是在后，其前都要带介词to，即whisper sth. to sb.whisper to sb. sth.。类似结构还有：explain sth. to sb.向某人解释announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布introduce sth. to sb.向某人介绍suggest sth. to sb.向某人提议report sth. to sb.向某人报告单句语法填空/完成句子In the wedding ceremony, Jack whispered _ her so
9、that no one else would hear.It _ (whisper) that he shouldnt serve as an experiment volunteer although he is eager to learn science.The baby is sleeping. Youd better speak _ a whisper.Nervously facing challenges, I know I will _ (向低语) myself the two simple words “Be yourself”_ (有人私下说) the mayor is to
10、 resign.totois whisperedis whisperedininwhisper towhisper toIt is whispered thatIt is whispered that3.assist vt.帮助；援助(教材P18).Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.白求恩大夫尽其所能帮助中国人民。assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助/援助某人某事assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事The
11、 driver assisted the old man off the bus.司机帮助那位老人下公共汽车。He assisted me in the preparation of this book.他协助我撰写此书。I am most grateful to my husband, who assisted me in preparing this book.我非常感谢我的丈夫，他曾协助我撰写此书。He assisted the old man to fill in the forms.他帮助老人填写表格。词语积累：(1) assistance n帮助，援助，支持come to ones
12、 assistance前来援助(2) assistant n助手，助理a senior assistant高级助理a personal assistant私人助理a shop assistant店员an assistant editor助理编辑medical/technical assistance医疗/技术援助with the assistance of sb.在某人的帮助下give/offer assistance to sb.给某人以援助单句语法填空/同义句转换He assisted me _ good suggestions and encouragement.We really sh
13、ould do something _ (assist) them.I applied to my boss for an _ (assist), for it was more than I could do myself.In spite of his cries, no one came to his _ (assist).We shall do our best to assist him to correct his mistakes.We shall do our best to _ his mistakes.withwithto assistto assistassistanta
14、ssistantassistanceassistanceassist him in correctingassist him in correcting4.memory n记忆力；回忆(教材P18)After Dr Bethunes death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him.白求恩大夫去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章来纪念他in memory of 作为对的纪念have a good/bad memory (for) 记忆力好/差from memory 凭记忆memory loss 失忆painful/sweet m
15、emories 痛苦的/甜蜜的回忆He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.他兴办那个慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。He has a bad memory for dates.他对日期的记忆力很差。He played the tune from memory.他是凭记忆力来弹这首曲子的。“inn.of”结构：in case of防备in celebration of庆祝in charge of负责，管理in defense of保卫in favour of赞成，主张in need of需要in search of寻找in support
16、of支持in praise of赞扬in honour of为了纪念in place of代替in terms of就而言单句语法填空/完成句子She has an excellent memory _ names, which helps her a lot in her commercial work.She can recite the whole poem _ memory.Huang Jiaju made up a song Glorious Years _ memory of Nelson Mandela.The library was built _ (为了纪念) those w
17、ho carried our country through the hardship.The stadium was named_(为了向表示敬意) the clubs first chairman.Most of us were _ (支持) Toms suggestion and entrusted him to make a plan.forforfromfromininin memory ofin memory ofin honour ofin honour ofin favour ofin favour of重要短语1.pass away去世(教材P18)Sadly, Dr Bet
18、hune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang.不幸的是，白求恩大夫第二年11月去世，葬在石家庄。pass by 经过pass.on to 把传递给pass down 流传，世代相传pass through 通过，穿过pass off as 装作，冒充pass sth. to sb. 把某物传给某人He unfortunately passed away last year.他不幸于去年去世了。单句语法填空/完成句子We were passing _， so we thought we
19、d come and say hello.Alice was very sorry to hear her grandmother had passed _ two days before.Valuable things that were passed _ have something in common.He escaped by _ (把自己佯装成)a guard.bybyawayawaydowndownpassing himself off aspassing himself off as2.first aid急救(教材P18)He helped to organise hospita
20、ls, taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid.他帮助组织医院，教医生和护士，并向人们展示如何进行急救。give first aid 进行急救a first-aid course 急救课程first aid treatment 急救治疗Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends.教授不是受过培训的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友。知识拓展：(1)名词aid：do/give/offe
21、r/perform/carry out first aid (to sb.)(对某人)实施急救financial aid经济援助come to ones aidcome to the aid of sb.帮某人的忙in aid of为了帮助with the aid of在的帮助下(2)动词aid：aid sb. in( doing) sth.帮助某人(做)某事aid sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事单句语法填空/完成句子We have aided him _ (finish) the inquiry ahead of time.We
22、have aided him in _(finish)the inquiry ahead of time.霍尔克再次开放了自己的花园，以帮助困难群体。Holker once again opens its gardens _the disadvantaged.在今晚的复活节特别节目中，他们来帮助一个需要在预算中获得一些令人开心的灵感的家庭。In tonights Easter special they _a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.to finishto finishfinishingfinishingi
23、n aid ofin aid ofcome to the aid ofcome to the aid of典型句式1.have sth. done使某事被做；遭遇某事(教材P18)Returning from the North Pole, the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year.从北极回来后，那位旅行者写了一本关于他的经历的书，并在第二年出版了。句式分析在have sth. done结构中，sth.与do是被动关系。I must have the work
24、finished on time.我必须按时把这项工作完成。(主语自己做)Im going to have my hair cut.我要去理发。(让别人做)She had her bike stolen.她的自行车被偷了。(表示一种遭遇)知识拓展：(1)have sb. do sth.(get sb. to do sth.make sb. do sth.)让某人做某事(sb.与do之间是主动关系)(2)cant/wont have sb. doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事(3)have sth. to do有某事要做(have是实义动词“有”，to do作后置定语)(4)get sth.
25、 done做完某事即学即练单句语法填空I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _ (take).I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _ (catch).I began to learn this when I had my car _ (crash).We cant have people _ (arrive) late all the time.Before driving into the city, you are
26、 required to get your car _ (wash).takentakento catchto catchcrashedcrashedarrivingarrivingwashedwashed2.whatever引导宾语从句(教材P18)Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.尽管情况困难，但白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。句式分析despite the difficult situation是介词短语作状语，whatever
27、he could是whatever引导的宾语从句。学法点拨(1) whatever可以引导名词性从句，即宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。在句中充当宾语、表语、主语和同位语，相当于anything that。(2)whatever还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。Franklin was free to do pretty much whatever he pleased.富兰克林几乎可以做他想做的任何事情。Whatever requests you make will be granted.你提的任何请求都会得到许可。(主语从句)She applied wh
28、atever strength she had left to the task.她将所有剩下的精力都用到这项任务上。(宾语从句)Whatever happens, you know that Ill stand by you.No matter what happens, you know that Ill stand by you.你知道无论发生什么，我都会支持你。单句语法填空/完成句子_ happens in the future, the sweet memories will never fade away.We will do _ we can to add some new fe
29、atures to this running machine.In order not to waste our precious time, well eat at _ restaurant has a free table._ you do it, you will find it a difficult task._ (任何值得做的事) is worth doing well.The gold medal will be awarded to _ (获得第一名的人) in the bicycle race._ (无论你有什么恐惧), go through them.WhateverWha
30、teverwhateverwhateverwhicheverwhicheverHoweverHoweverWhatever is worth doing at allWhatever is worth doing at allwhoever wins the first placewhoever wins the first placeWhatever fears you may haveWhatever fears you may have单元语法现在分词作宾语补足语和状语 1.现在分词作宾语补足语句式分析现在分词作宾补，表示宾语与作宾补的动词之间是主动关系。(1)动词的宾语补足语位于感官动
31、词后：如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen to, look at, notice, observe等。She felt anger arising in her heart.她感到心中涌起股怒气。He observed a stranger hanging around the store.他看到一个陌生人在商店附近闲逛。位于其他动词后：如set，keep, have，get，leave，catch等。His question has set me thinking.他的问题引起我深思。She kept me waiting for over twen
32、ty minutes.她让我等了20多分钟。单句语法填空When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women _ (sell) lanterns.The operator left hurriedly with the machine _ (run).On the bank of the river, we found him _ (put) on a tent, with a dog _ (lie) on the grass.Peter, a colleague of mine, was standing on the br
33、idge and watching boats _ (pass) by.sellingsellingrunningrunningputtingputtinglyinglyingpassingpassingDont leave her _ (wait) outside in the rain.After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ (call) him.With the pianist _ (perform) music on the stage, the atmosphere is quite romanti
34、c.When I came in, I saw Linda _ (whisper) to Danny.The sound of the gun sent the birds _ (fly) away.waitingwaitingcallingcallingperformingperformingwhisperingwhisperingflyingflying2.现在分词作状语(1)现在分词的一般式与完成式现在分词的一般式(doing)作状语表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生：现在分词的完成式(having done)作状语表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。Following in his father
35、s footstep, he chose to study astronomy at university.他继承了父亲的衣钵，在大学里选择了天文学。Having lost all my old friends, I felt lonely and shy at my new school.失去了我所有的老朋友，我在新学校感到孤独和害羞。(2)现在分词的主动式与被动式现在分词的主动式(doing/having done)作状语时，表示逻辑主语和其之间是主动关系；现在分词的被动式(being done/having been done)作状语时，表示逻辑主语和其之间是被动关系。注意：现在分词的逻
36、辑主语是句子的主语。We walked along the river bank, talking and laughing.我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。(主动)Being repaired now, the computer cant be used.由于现在正在修理，这台电脑不能用了。(被动)(3)现在分词作状语现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等，相当于状语从句。时间状语表示时间，位于句子前半部分，可与when，while引导的时间状语从句相互转换；有时分词前加when或while以示强调。When comparing different cultures, w
37、e often pay attention only to the differences.在比较不同的文化时，我们往往只注意差异。原因状语表示原因，位于句子前半部分，可与as，since，because引导的原因状语从句相互转换。Being ill, she didnt go to school as usual today.因为生病，她今天没像往常一样去上学。条件状语表示条件，位于句子前半部分，可与if，unless等引导的条件状语从句相互转换。Turning right, you will find the circus you want.向右转，你会找到你想找的马戏团。让步状语作让步状
38、语，相当于让步状语从句，有时现在分词(短语)前可带有连词although，even if，even though等。Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。结果状语现在分词作结果状语时表示必然的结果，通常放在句末。有时为了突出结果，现在分词前可加thus，相当于so或so that引导的结果状语从句。The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.那位母亲去世了，给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。 Fifteen mill
39、ion trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines.1 500万棵树被大风刮倒，堵塞了道路和铁路线。不定式作结果状语时，常与only，never连用，表示一种出乎意料的结果。I hurried to his house, only to find him not in.我匆匆赶到他家，却发现他不在家。方式或伴随状语动词-ing作方式或伴随状语时，谓语动词表示动作发生的方式、背景或情况。此时分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。现在分词或分词短语作伴随状语时可以转换成并列成
40、分。 He sat at the table reading China Daily.他坐在桌子旁看中国日报。评论性状语有些现在分词(短语)没有逻辑主语而独立存在，往往位于句首用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。 Considering the strength of the opposition，we did very well to score two goals.就对方的实力而论，我们能进两个球就很不错了。 Generally speaking, the parks are full on holidays.一般来说，假日里公园都挤满人。现在分词构成的独立主格结构有时现在分词可以有自
41、己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因、条件或解释整个句子。There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands.她坐在桌子后面，双手托着下巴。单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子_ (elect) as captain, Tom was greatly encouraged._(try) many times, he still couldnt over
42、come the difficulties._ (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again.Unless _ (see) the changes with your own eyes, you will never believe their greatness.His car broke down on the way, thus _ (cause) him to be late for the election.Tom slowly walked away, _ (complain) about the
43、 cold weather.It _ (be) Sunday, many people go to the gymnasium to work out.Having been Having been electedelectedHaving triedHaving triedHaving eatenHaving eatenseeingseeingcausingcausingcomplainingcomplainingbeingbeing_ (succeed) in the test, he became more confident._ (wound), the whale soon died
44、 and sank to the sea.There are many goods, _ (range) from food and drink to some electronic products.You have to prepare the next question _ (depend) on what the person says._ (walk) in the street with his dog following him, he felt really free and pleased._ (finish) his work, he went out into the g
45、arden to have a walk.He lifted the stone only _ (drop) it on his own feet.Having succeededHaving succeededBeing woundedBeing woundedrangingrangingdependingdependingWalkingWalkingHaving finishedHaving finishedto dropto drop_ (spend) nearly all his money, the former wrestler couldnt afford a meal._ (c
46、onsider) his age, little Tom is doing a really good job.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _ (turn) the old town into a dreamland.When _ (illustrate) a book, you put pictures, photographs or diagrams into it._ (go) straight down the road, you will find the canteen.There is no greater pleas
47、ure than lying on the grassland, _ (stare) at the night sky. After we have made full preparations, we are ready for the examination._， we are ready for the examination.Having spentHaving spentConsideringConsideringturningturningillustratingillustratingGoingGoingstaringstaringHaving made full prepara
48、tionsHaving made full preparations If you go straight down the road, you will find the department store._， you will find the department store. _ (说实话), all of his savings are given to the children in a faraway village. Hanging his head, the boy stood by the door, _ (不敢说一句话). _ (天气允许的话), I will make
49、a trip to Inner Mongolia. _ (从外表判断), it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon. The actor intended to leave quickly, _ (却被他的粉丝包围了).Going straight down the roadGoing straight down the roadFrankly speakingFrankly speakingnot daring to say a wordnot daring to say a wordWeather permitt
50、ingWeather permittingJudging from appearanceJudging from appearanceonly to be surrounded by his fansonly to be surrounded by his fans.单词拼写1My father was once the great physicists _ (助手) and they two had much in common.2To his joy, the man was elected vice _(主席) of the union later.3It is typical of m
