1、第1页共 页三 峡 大 学2012年研究生入学考试试题(A卷)科目代码： 892 科目名称： 英语语言学 考试时间：180分钟 总分： 150分（考生必须将答案写在答题纸上）I There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the best answer. (20 points)1. The three main areas of phonetics are _ . A. art
2、iculatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics B. acoustic phonetcs, phatic phonetics and auditory phoneticsC. articulatory phonetics, phatic phonetics and auditory phonetics D. auditory phonetics, phatic phonetics and vocal phonetics2. refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic
3、 signs bear no natural relationship to their meanings. A. Duality B. Displacement C. Arbitrariness D. Fossilaization3. A is produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some places to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity. A. vowel B. consonant C. ph
4、oneme D. allophone4. The function means language is the instrument of thought and people often use it to communicate new information.A. emotive B. informative C. conative D. interpersonal 第 2 页5. distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics a
5、s langue and parole. A. Saussure B. Austin C. Bloomfield D. Chomsky6. is one of the main branches of linguistics.A. Duality B. Design features C. Psycholinguistics D. Pragmatics7. is a term which covers a variety of different interests in language and society, including the language and the social c
6、haracteristics of its users.A. Anthropological linguistics B. Sociolinguistics C. Semantics D. Morphology8. linguistics aims to lay down rules for the correct use of language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all.A. Descriptive linguistics B. Computational linguistics C. Macrolinguisti
7、cs D. Prescriptive linguistics9. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeares time would be a_study of language , and a study of the changes English has undergone since then would be a_ study.A. diachronic, synchronic B. synchronic, diachronic C. descriptive, prescriptive D. prescript
8、ive, descriptive10. According to Chomsky, a language users underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called the linguistic , and the actual use of language in concrete situations is called .A. presentation, composition B. performance , competence C. composition, presentation D. competence, p
9、erformance11. is a speech sound which is made by the tongue tip or blade and the upper front teeth.A. Palatal B. Dental C. Glottal D. Bilabial 第 3 页12. is a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound.A. Assimilation B. Devoicing C. Nasalization D. Dent
10、alization13. Words which express grammatical meanings, such as, conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns, are .A. variable words B. lexical words C. invariable words D. grammatical words14. A word that belongs to the _ is one whose membership is fixed or limited. New members are not regular
11、ly added.A. open-class B. closed-class C. new-class D. old-class15. Affixes which do not change the word class but add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem, expressing number, person, aspect and case, are called_.A. inflectional affixd B. erivational affix C. free affix D. bound affi
12、x16. is a word-formation way in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.A. Clipping B. Acronym C. Blending D. Back-formation17. A process to extend or elevate the meaning from it
13、s specific sense to a relatively general one is called in semantic change.A. narrowing B. class shiftC. broadening D. folk etymology18. linguistics is based on human experiences of the world and the way they perceive and conceptulize the world.A. Cognitive B. Descriptive C. Prescriptive D. Generativ
14、e第 4 页19. is the process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences.A. Categorization B. Description C. Interpretationin D. Formation20. The first major theory in the study of language in use, Speech Act Throry, is proposed by _ .A. Austin B. Chom
15、sky C. Saussure D. BloomfieldII There are 20 sentences in this part. Fill in each blank with a suitable word or phrase. (20 points)1. Language is a system of vocal symbols used for human communication.2. Linguistics studies not just one language of any one community, but the language of all . 3. Mor
16、phology studies the minimal units of meaning and word-formationprocesses.4. Computational linguistics centers around the use of to process or produce human language.5. A is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning.6. Devoicing is a process by which voiced sounds
17、become .7. An allomorph is the alternate shapes of the same .8. The triangle is about the relationship among symbol, referent and reference.9. Affixes which may change the word class and often change the lexical meaning are called .10. Words which refer to substance, action and quality, such as noun
18、s, verbs, 第 5 页adjectives, and adverbs, are .11. A study of the features of the English used in 15th century is an example of the _study of language. 12. A word formed by derivation is called a .13. A process to narrow or restrict the original meaning of a word to a specific sense is called in seman
19、tic change.14. distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics as langue and parole.15. The sentence “They are stuying English in the classroom.” is a sentence.16. Chomsky distinguished a language users underlying knowledge about the system of r
20、ules and the actual use of language in concrete situations as linguistic _and .17. The structure and the structure are described in T-G grammar.18. _can be simply defined as the study of meaning.19. The word WTO is formed in the way of .20. Invention is a way to create _ words.III. Define the follow
21、ing terms, giving suitable examples if necessary. (30 points)1. macrolinguistics2. phoneme3. consonant 4. morpheme5. blending第 6 页6. immediate constituent analysis7. psycholinguistics8. CALL9. applied linguistics10. syllabusIV Briefly explain the following pairs of terms, giving examples if necessar
22、y. (30 points)1. langue, parole2. prescriptive, descriptive3. synchronic, diachronic4. deep structure, surfacte structure:5. free morpheme, bound morphemeV Write an essay on the following topic with about 800 words. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. (50 points)Discuss the problems and possible solutions in intercultural communication
