1、语法精讲语法精讲动词不定式动词不定式infinitivesTo learn the function of infinitives in a sentenceTo use infinitives to complete the exercises 不定式不定式:是一种是一种非谓语动词非谓语动词。1.非谓语动词非谓语动词:是指那些在句中是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语的动词，的动词，2.动词不定式在句中可以作句子动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外除谓语之外的任何的任何句子成分句子成分。3.动词不定式的动词不定式的被动形式被动形式除了一般形式外还有其除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行
2、式完成式和进行式。不定式的定义不定式的定义: :不定式的形式不定式的形式: :一一.基本形式： to+to+动词原形动词原形 二二. .其否定形式是其否定形式是: :“not/never to donot/never to do”/not do./not do.三三. .不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。没有人称和数的变化。主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to
3、have been doing-判断下列不定式在句中作何成分判断下列不定式在句中作何成分1. It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day.2. To see is to believe.3. His wish is to be a doctor.4. I want to do it myself.5. We found it difficult to work with him.6. He always has a lot of meetings to attend.7. He is looking for a room to li
4、ve in.8. I study hard to serve the people well.9. In order not to be late she took a bus.1. 不定式作主语不定式作主语通常通常位于句首位于句首，表示具体的某次动作，表示具体的某次动作，谓语谓语动词用单数动词用单数。 e.g. To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 To get up early is necessary. 早起是必要的。 _ is very important for everyone in society. 学习一项技能对社会上的每个人都很重要。 _in a mon
5、th is difficult. 要在一个月内完成这座建筑是困难的。不定式作主语不定式作主语 To learn a skill To finish the building2. 动词不定式与疑问词动词不定式与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。 e.g. How to use the computer is the question.如何使用计算机是个问题。 Where to go has not been decided. 去哪儿还没有定下来。 不定式作主语不定
6、式作主语3. 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语作形式主语放在句首，而将真放在句首，而将真正的主语正的主语不定式放到谓语的后面不定式放到谓语的后面。e.g. Its not easy to work out the problem. = To work out the problem is not easy. 计算出这道题不容易。It is interesting _. 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。It is terrible _. 目睹轮船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。不定式作主语不定式作主语 to play with snow in winter to see th
7、e ship sinking into the seait作形式主语代替真正主语不定式常见于以下情况中：作形式主语代替真正主语不定式常见于以下情况中：uIt is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.uIt is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.uIt takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth.【温馨提示温馨提示】不定式作主语不定式作主语常用于表示事物的特征，用于此句型的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,neces
8、sary,good,bad,exciting,interesting,surprising等。等。 e.g. Its important for us to keep the water clean. 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。1) It is adj. for sb. to do sth.sb. 是是to do sth.的逻辑主语的逻辑主语It is +adj.+ for/of sb. to do sth.不定式作主语不定式作主语常见的此类形容词有：kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。等。e.g.
9、 It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home这家人对我很友好，使我感到宾至如归。2) It isadj.of sb.to do sth. 形容词用来表示不定式的形容词用来表示不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语(sb.)的性质、特征或品德的性质、特征或品德不定式作主语不定式作主语常见的名词有：pity,shame,pleasure,ones duty,ones job,fun,joy,good manners,bad manners等。等。It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.e.g. What a p
10、ity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. 真遗憾你错过了这样一个精彩的电影。 It must be great fun _ . 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 不定式作主语不定式作主语 to fly to the moon in a spaceshipIt takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间做某事花费某人多长时间(钱钱)e.g. It took me an hour to do my homework yesterday evenin
11、g. 昨天晚上我做作业用了一个小时。 It will take us a lot of money _ . 买那套房子要花费我们很多钱。 不定式作主语不定式作主语 to buy that house3. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的 , ,可以在不定式前加一可以在不定式前加一个由个由 for/of for/of 引起的短语引起的短语, ,构成构成_。2. 不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,可以用可以用it作作_.4.It is+adj+ for sb to do 5. It is+adj+ of sb to do（修饰（修饰人品人品形容词）形容词）（修饰物的
12、形容词）（修饰物的形容词）1.单个不定式作主语，谓语动词单个不定式作主语，谓语动词_单数单数形式主语形式主语不定式的复合结构不定式的复合结构Summary6. It is+n.+for sb to do 7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. 1. 2019全国I卷 It is difficult _ (figure) out a global population of polar bears.2. Then we will know how important it is _us to have meaning i
13、n our life. 3. 2019天津3月卷 Coming out of this experience, I realize it is OK _(be) different from others.4. 2018全国卷 Exercise energizes you, so _ is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.【温馨提示温馨提示】Practice: Practice: to figureforto beit.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空用括号内所给动词的适当形式
14、填空1.It is wise (take) such gifts with gratitude.2.He will find it is easy (make) friends in this city.3. (get) there by bike will take us half an hour.4.It is an offence (drop) litter in the street.5.When (leave) for London has not been decided yet.6.Its necessary for you (lock) the car when you do
15、not use it.7. We cant afford _ (live) in such a big house. 8. The man expects his wife _ (bring) him breakfast in bed at weekends. 9. Afraid of _ (bite) by snakes, the boy was afraid _ (touch) them. 10. James Watt is known _(invent) the steam engine.11.The book was said _ (translate) into German in
16、1946.12.The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. 13.A quarrel seems _ (break out) between the two women and they are still glaring at each other now.to taketo makeTo getto dropto leaveto lockto have broken out to liveto bring being bittento touchto have invented to have been translatedt
17、o be held .补全句子1. is a good habit.每天读书是个好习惯。2. is nice.和他们交朋友真是令人愉快。3. to do me a favor.你能帮助我真是太好了。4. does good to your health.晚饭后散步对健康有好处。5.It is impossible for lost time .弥补失去的时间是不可能的。6.It is difficult for us in a quarter of an hour.我们很难在15分钟内完成这篇作文。Reading books every dayTo make friends with them
18、Its kind of youWalking after supperto be made upto finish writing the composition语法填空语法填空Mike drove to a remote border town alone. He didnt stop the car 1. _ (take) a break although he was feeling tired. As a result, a traffic accident occurred, which caused him 2. _ (trap) inside the car. Fortunate
19、ly a girl who happened to pass by volunteered 3. _ (save) him, only 4. _ (find) Mike was completely locked in the car. After calling an ambulance, she managed 5. _ (give) him first aid, using the method she had learned at school. Soon, Mike was rushed to hospital in an ambulance. It took him three m
20、onths 6. _ (recover) from his injuries. The girl named Mary felt pleased 7. _ (do) such a great thing, though she realized the car may have exploded. When interviewed, she said, “Ive also met with a traffic accident. A kind passer-by saved my life but he was killed. I was the only one 8. _ (survive)
21、 the crash. The man was said 9. _ (work) on the road helping people in need for ten years. I was too moved even to speak when hearing the story. Therefore, I determined 10. _ (stay) here and give people in need a helping hand.” to stay to take to be trapped to save to findto give to recoverto have d
22、one to have survived to have worked Why does he come so early?DiscoveryHis aim is to take the first bus.1 结构结构 Be (am/is/are/was/were) + 不定式不定式e.g. The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 2 功能功能（1）解释主语描述的行为或说明该行为带来的结果。解释主语描述的行为或说明该行为带来的结果。主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea
23、 / plan / ambition/ dream / work/job/ability/attempt/chance/ desire/ need/ opportunity/ refusal/ wish/ aim/ purpose/ decision/ choice.等名词 e.g. My dream is to be a singer. His work is to clean the classroom every day.不定式作表语不定式作表语（2）表示“安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等e.g. I am to set out for China next week. 下周我要动
24、身到中国去。 （安排） You are to have a face-to-face talk with them. 你应该和他们当面谈一谈。（劝告） Children are not to smoke. 儿童不准吸烟。（禁止） 不定式作表语不定式作表语 3. 两种特殊用法（1）不定式短语to let，to blame，to seek 等常用主动形式主动形式表示被被动含义动含义The house is to let. Who is to blame for the population decline of the tigers in that area? The reason for glo
25、bal warming is not far to seek. 全球变暖的原因不难找到。（ 2）当主语部分主语部分含有动词动词 do 的某种形式的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略省略to Anything we can do is (to) guarantee it will be delivered on time. In the evening the only thing he did was (to) read on the blog. 不定式作表语不定式作表语4. 当当主语含定语从句主语含定语从句且其且其先行词为代词先行词为代词all或形容词最高级或形容词最高级the least,
26、the most时时：+系动词系动词+不定式作句子的表语。不定式作句子的表语。 eg All he wanted was to be left alone. The least I can expect is to have this day all to myself.5. 当不定式作表语时，句子主语可以使当不定式作表语时，句子主语可以使what引导的主语从引导的主语从句。句。 eg What I want to do now is (to) have a rest.不定式作表语不定式作表语3. Medical experts say the most effective way to pr
27、event the spreadof disease is for people _(wash) their hands with soap and water.4. The next step is _ sure that you know exactly what is required. 5. The purpose of education is _ (develop) a fine personality in children.to wash to make to develop 1. The motto of the little boy who was suffering fr
28、om a muscle disease was _ (live) one day at a time. 2. It is you, including your cousin, that _ (blame) for the loss of the golden chance. to live are to blame Complete the sentences.1. 要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？ _ if they ask me the question?2. 她应该为所发生的事情受到责备。 _ for what has happened.3. 你要做的事情是面对现实。 The t
29、hing for you to do _.4. 我筋疲力尽，想能马上就去度假。 I am exhausted and tired out. What I want to do _ _.What am I to sayShe is to blameis (to) face the factsis to take a holiday及物动词及物动词宾语e.g. We begin to read English at 6:30a.m. She forgot to close the door.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： want, plan, hope, wish, le
30、arn, decide, would like, begin, start, try, need, forget, choose, prepare, agree, promise, manage,encourage, fail, happen, mean, refuse, offer, learn，etc.挖坑挖坑动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语的注意事项的注意事项不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语主语+动词动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式不定式”结构。如： e.g. I found it
31、 necessary to talk to him again. I found it important to learn English.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语think/ find / consider+ it+ adj. + to do 1、Dont forget _.(关灯)2、I happened _when he called me. （出去）3、I dont want_. (依赖别人）4、Sam is learning_. (怎样开车）5、We promise _ the environment.(保护)to turn off the lightto go outto dep
32、end on othershow to drive a carPracticeto protectComplete the following sentences.1.I _ (希望收到来信) you soon. 2.John _ (不想当) the host of the charity show.3.Theyre _ (试着解决) the problem by himself.4.Millions of people _ (已学会使用) computers. hope to hear fromdoesnt want to betrying to solvehave learned to u
33、seRainbow expects you to have a bright future.考点一：考点一：跟“不定式不定式”作宾语补足语的动词动词短语allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on, require, forbid, advise, recommend, permit, 等 sb to do sthe.g. Having finished he
34、r project, she was invited by the school _ (speak) to the new students.不定式作宾补不定式作宾补: :to speakrequire, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage + doing sth.(接动名词作宾语)I advise you to have a rest.I advise having a rest.不定式作宾补难点不定式作宾补难点: :五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make hav
35、e 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feel当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to: 被动语态不省to） 不定式作宾补难点不定式作宾补难点: :1.John was made the car for a week as a punishment A.to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing2.The patient was warned food after the operation. A.to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating3.Inte
36、rnet bars mustnt let anybody bad things , especially children. A. watch B.to watch C. watching D. watchesPracticePracticeACAI was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _ (catch). (2017天津卷)我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。不定式作定语不定式作定语to catch考点一：不定式与其所修饰的词之间常是动宾关系He is always the first _ at
37、the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个(人)到校，最后一个(人)离校。 考点二：考点二：序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。to arrive不定式作定语不定式作定语The ability _ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。(湖南卷)考点三：考点三：被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。如ability, chance, idea, hope, w
38、ish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。to express 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面。e.g. We have a lot of homework to do .如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词要有介词.e.g. He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.something, anything, nothing+adj.+ to doe.g. I have something interestin
39、g to tell you.不定式不定式作定语作定语:1.Do you have anything more_ 要说?2.She has a lot of work _做 every day .3. The old man has a house _ 住.4. She is a nice person_ 共事 .to say to doto live into work withPracticePractice不定式作状语不定式作状语_(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use
40、smart phones.(2019江苏卷)为了享受数字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。To enjoy考点一：考点一：作目的状语。可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。不定式作状语不定式作状语Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ (find) his plane high up in the sky. (四川卷)汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果却发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。to find考点二：考点二：作结果状语。常用于下列结构中：only to do(表示意想不到的结果)；en
41、ough to do(足够做)；too.to do.(太而不能做)；so/such.as to.(如此以至于)等不定式作状语不定式作状语The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _(see) anything that happened to be on. (全国卷)to see考点三：考点三：作原因状语。常与表示喜怒哀乐、运气好坏的形容词(happy, ashamed, sorry, glad, delighted, angry, discouraged, shocked.)连用v1.To see you
42、is glad. =Its glad to see you. v2.I want to see you.v3.I want him to see you. v4.My hope is to see you.v5.He is the man to see you.v6.Im glad to see you.v7.I went to see you.v8.He went so early as to see youv9. How to solve this problem is very important.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作
43、定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）和疑问词连用和疑问词连用SummarySummary (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was
44、 warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_ once more.5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told _(improve) my English grammar, I watched some videos made by Rainbow. I wanted _(make) sure that my grammar was as good as it could be. Rainbow helped me _ (understand
45、) some complex grammatical points. It is impossible _(know) everything in a short time, but I improved a lot, and I would really like _(thank) her for what she did. _ (help) me like this was very kind.To improveto make(to) understandto knowto thankTo help1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中国人民
46、决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _3据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/ be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gol
47、d medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/ immediatelyto have been told about itto have been given Complete some sentences:1、_(为了提高英语成绩为了提高英语成绩), Tom goes to the English corner every day. 2、I was_(太累了，难于入睡。太累了，难于入睡。) 3、She ran fast _(为了赶上早班车为了赶上早班车).4、He is_(富有富有得得可以买辆小可以买辆小汽车汽车).In order to improve his English too tired to fall asleep.to catch the first bus rich enough to buy a car.谢谢观看谢谢观看
