1、A B A B 级级 复复 习习Grammar lessonCompositionTo: All employees of the companyFrom: the manager of the HR=HR manager, LiMingDate: May 9th,2007Subject: the computer courses A survey that human resources department human resource department personnel resource department took=conducted last month shows that
2、 many people of the companys =company cant using=use computers, Full-timeled =leading to working efficiency low=low working efficiency. Therefore, we decided =decide to start a two-month computer courses =course for all full-time employees. It will be held at (去掉去掉)every Mondays night from seven to
3、nine = from seven to nine every Monday night in the companys meeting room between (去掉)去掉)A and B. Every employee can selection =select junior or senior curriculum/ basic or advanced level of the course according to his present computer level. Please go to company reception/ reception desk /reception
4、 room for registration/register on =before May 15th.Welcome to develop = put forwardcome up with better opinions and the(去掉去掉) suggestions, and(去掉去掉) to make our project = program more productive=fruitful.memomemo 1.格式:格式:To: .From: .Date:.Subject: . Body (正文)(正文) 2. 内容的知识点。内容的知识点。Date (June 2nd, 20
5、08)Dear Mr. Smith, body(正文正文)Sincerely yours,NamePosition(职位职位)LetterNotice Notice B级级1.E-mail.2007年年6月月注意:电子邮件的格式,注意:电子邮件的格式,From:. To:Subject:.Date:.Dear Body sincerely yours, LiHua2.留言条留言条.2006年年12月月只要从中文提示中将相应的内容翻译出来,填入相应只要从中文提示中将相应的内容翻译出来,填入相应的空格即可。的空格即可。B级级3.Memo2006年年6月月注意:备忘录的格式,在内容方面要注意涵盖文中
6、所注意:备忘录的格式,在内容方面要注意涵盖文中所有表达要点。有表达要点。4.E-mail.2006年年1月月5.questionare.2005年年6月月无格式要求,但要求将题目中提供的信息一一对应填无格式要求,但要求将题目中提供的信息一一对应填入空格。入空格。 6.海报宣传海报宣传2005年年1月月7.求职信求职信.2004年年6月月注意:注意:1)书信的格式,书信的格式,2)内容:首先要开门见山的写清楚信心的目的和应聘内容:首先要开门见山的写清楚信心的目的和应聘的职位;其次要简单的介绍本人的基本情况,最后是的职位;其次要简单的介绍本人的基本情况,最后是结束语,可礼貌的表达感谢之情,也可请求
7、对方给予结束语,可礼貌的表达感谢之情,也可请求对方给予面试的机会;另外要注意求职信的用语,要礼貌,但面试的机会;另外要注意求职信的用语,要礼貌,但又要不卑不亢。又要不卑不亢。8.申请表申请表 application.2004年年1月月9.Letter.2003年年6月月10.Resume2003年年1月月只要求按照题目的要求将个人信息一一翻译出来即可。只要求按照题目的要求将个人信息一一翻译出来即可。A级级 1. business letter2010年年6月月2. letter.2009.123. business letter2009.64. complaint letter2008.12投
8、诉信的格式要求不高,一般只包含了最基本的日期、投诉信的格式要求不高,一般只包含了最基本的日期、收信人称谓和写信人署名等。难点在于文中信息的表收信人称谓和写信人署名等。难点在于文中信息的表达和处理,要分清主次,先提出问题,然后提出要求达和处理,要分清主次,先提出问题,然后提出要求和希望。和希望。如要求对方尽早恢复:如要求对方尽早恢复: An early reply would be appreciated. 5. business letter2008.6对格式要求不高,一般只包含最基本的日期、收信人对格式要求不高,一般只包含最基本的日期、收信人称谓和写信人署名等。当署名需要包含职位时,一般称谓
9、和写信人署名等。当署名需要包含职位时,一般附于署名之后。附于署名之后。随函寄去:随函寄去:enclosed please find.订货:订货:order、 put in orders6. 申请函申请函.2007.12首先,要符合英文书信的格式,要注意日期、结尾敬首先,要符合英文书信的格式,要注意日期、结尾敬语及署名的位置和写法;语及署名的位置和写法; 其次,申请函首段要开门其次,申请函首段要开门见山的写清楚信心的目的、申请职位及获得该招聘职见山的写清楚信心的目的、申请职位及获得该招聘职位的途径等;位的途径等; 再次,要简单介绍个人的基本情况及再次,要简单介绍个人的基本情况及申请的理由,包括教
10、育背景、工作经历、性格特点等;申请的理由,包括教育背景、工作经历、性格特点等;最后是结束语,可礼貌的表达感谢之情,也可请求对最后是结束语,可礼貌的表达感谢之情,也可请求对方给予面试的机会并告诉本人的联系方式。方给予面试的机会并告诉本人的联系方式。 7. memo 备忘录备忘录.2007.6注意:使用正确的备忘录的格式和结构。注意:使用正确的备忘录的格式和结构。To. From . Subject . Date .称呼,正文,结称呼,正文,结尾敬语,署名。内容简明扼要。尾敬语,署名。内容简明扼要。8. business letter 2006.12办公设备:办公设备: office equipm
11、ent ,建立贸易关系建立贸易关系 establish trade relation 从事从事 be engaged in 现货现货 merchandise on hand 分公司分公司 subsidiary company9. letter.2006.610. invitation letter.2006.1写好写好A.B级作文,最重要的是格式正确,级作文,最重要的是格式正确,内容不遗漏,语言没有错误,不必有许多内容不遗漏,语言没有错误,不必有许多自由发挥。用简明的英语句子把提纲要求自由发挥。用简明的英语句子把提纲要求的内容表达清楚,予以合理组织,就可以的内容表达清楚,予以合理组织,就可以了
12、。了。注意:注意: 1.不可遗漏题目中各要点。不可遗漏题目中各要点。2.日期不能用缩写形式,如不能写成日期不能用缩写形式,如不能写成29 Nov.,04 或者或者 29、11、20043.缩进式:段首缩进,且段与段之间不空缩进式:段首缩进,且段与段之间不空行。行。4.称呼语后面用逗号。称呼语后面用逗号。2010年12月AB考试常考词组及固定搭配 1 a host of 大量2 a test for检测目的3 a test on对进行测试4 a test with检测手段5 according to根据6 achieve the purpose 达到目的7 achieve success 获得成
13、功8 achieve victory获得胜利9 add up to 总计,合计 10 adhere to 坚持,奉行;11 after all 毕竟;12 agree on对取得一致意见13 agree to同意14 agree with sb.同意某人的话15 along with 和一道,和一起;16 amount to 合计,共计; 17 apart from除之外尚有 18 apply to 向申请,适用于 19 argue against 反对20 as a result of作为的结果21 as a result作为结果,因此;22 as far as /are concerned
14、就而言23 as for至于,就方面说24 as if好像,仿佛25 as soon as一就26 as to 至于,关于; 27 as well也, 28 associate with联系起来29 at a disadvantage处于不利地位30 at a loss不知所措31 at all 丝毫,根本;32 at first 首先,开始的时候;33 at large未被捕获的,大多数;34 at last 终于,最终; 35 at least至少36 at length 最终,详细地;37 at most最多38 at one time曾经,从前曾39 at the cost of以为代
15、价选择选择 AB级考试短语动词重点级考试短语动词重点所谓短语动词,就是动词加小品词构成的起动词作用的短语。其构成主要有三种形式:动词+副词;动词+介词;动词+副词+介词。breakbreak away (from) 脱离;摆脱break down崩溃,瓦解;抛锚break into闯入;break out爆发break through突破;break up婚姻等)关系破裂 callcall for要求,需要call off取消,放弃call on拜访;要求call out召唤comecome across(偶然)遇见某人come out出现;(真相)大白come to共计,达到come to
16、oneself苏醒,恢复知觉come up with提出(办法);赶上 getget along进展;与和睦相处get off下(车);出发get on上(车);与相处;继续givegive in投降,屈服give off放出give up放弃;停止 gogo after追求go ahead进步;前进go by经过;依照,依据go on继续;go over复习,温习;审查go through通过;详细讨论;经历;go up上涨,上升go with与同行;相配 handhand down把留传下去hand in上交holdhold back阻挡;控制(情感)hold on等候;坚持 looklo
17、ok after照顾,照料look back回顾look down upon轻视,看不起look forward to盼望,期待look into调查,考察look on旁观,观望look out留神,提防look through浏览;审查look up向上看;(在词典中)查找look up to尊敬 makemake out理解,认出;make up化妆;编造passpass away去世,消失putput aside搁置一边;put off推迟,put on穿上 put up with忍受,put out;扑灭,put through接通(电话) setset about开始,着手set
18、off动身,出发set out动身;开始set up建立;设立taketake after相像 take back收回;使回忆起take in吸收;领会,理解;take off脱下,起飞take over接管,接任take to喜欢;养成(习惯),染上take up开始(从事);占据(时间,空间) turnturn down音量关小;拒绝turn in上缴;turn off关(灯);使厌倦;解雇turn on开(灯);turn out结果是;生产turn over打翻;turn to 求助于turn up(音量)变大虚拟语气考点分析 其所涉及的语言点比较多,根据历年的考试情况,考试的重点和难点
19、主要是:表示与过去事实相反的非真实条件句,在考试中出现的几率最高,考生需要重点准备。 【真题演练】He might not have been killed in the traffic accident yesterday if he _ ( fasten ) the seat belt. 【句意】要是他系好了安全带,就不会在昨天的那场交通事故中丧生了。【答案】had fastened 【真题演练】_ he was seriously ill, I wouldnt have told him the truth. A. If I knew B. If I know C. Had I know
20、n D. Did I know【句意】早知道他病得这么厉害,我就不会告诉他真相。【试题分析】当从句谓语含有had, were或者should时,从句可以省略if,并且句子采用倒装形式,将had,were或should提前。正确答案为C。 在表示“建议、命令、要求以及愿望”等动词后的宾语从句中,常使用虚拟语气,从句中的谓语动词形式为should动词原形,should常常省略。这类动词常见的有:suggest,require,insist,propose,recommend,request,demand等。 【真题演练】The manager of the company insisted tha
21、t all the staff members _ the new safety rules. A. would observe B. observe C. observed D. will observe 【句意】公司的经理坚持认为公司的所有员工都必须遵守新的安全规则。【答案】B (2) 在would rather的宾语从句中,当表示对现在或者将来情况的虚拟时,谓语动词用一般过去式;而表示对过去情况的虚拟时,则用过去完成时。【真题演练】Frankly speaking, Id rather you _ (say) nothing about it for the time being. 【句
22、意】坦率地说,我宁愿你暂时对这件事表示沉默。【答案】said 【真题演练】I didnt go with them to the beach yesterday. But I do wish I _ there. (2003.6 B级)A. have been B. had been C. was D. am【句意】昨天我没有和他们一起去海滩。但是我真希望我去了。【答案】B 【真题演练】It is important that the committee _ about the project at once. (2003.12? B级)A. will be informed B. be in
23、formedC. is informed D. being informed【句意】应该立刻通知委员会关于这项工程的事宜,这非常重要。【答案】B 【真题演练】It is required that every employee _ (come) in their uniform before 8:00 a.m. 【句意】按照要求,每个雇员应在上午8点之前穿制服来。【答案】(should) come 【真题演练】Xiao Li speaks English in a way as if she _ (be) an American. 【句意】小李说英语就好像地道的美国人一样。【答案】were在i
24、t is (high) time 后的定语从句中,谓语动词采用一般过去式。 【真题演练】I think its high time we _ strict measures to stop pollution. A. will take B. take C. took D. have taken【句意】我认为到了该采取严厉措施来制止污染的时候了。【答案】C词缀 英语中虽然有着浩瀚如海的词汇,但构词也有其规律可循。单词的词根是核心,是意义的起源;而词缀是辅助词素,使词的意义更为丰富具体。 一般说来,前缀在构词中通常只改变词的抽象意义,不改变词的词类;而后缀除了可以改变词的抽象意义,也往往改变词的
25、类别。 考生如果对词缀的意义比较熟悉,那么在记忆词汇时可以举一反三,达到事半功倍的效果。A 级settlesettlement ; developdevelopment; advertiseadvertisement, appointappointment; investinvestment ; governgovernment; enjoyenjoyment; improveimprovement ; paypayment ; - ment: vn. A 级strong-strengthen加强,long - lengthen 使变长,broad - broaden加宽; lesslesse
26、n ; wide-widen, sharpsharpen, looseloosen; shortshorten; -en adj.v : make使成为A 级 nadj. :economyeconomic(经济的)economical (节约的); metermetric(米制的,公制的) metrical (测量的); historyhistoric(历史上著名的) historical(有关历史的) A 级-ance ence: v-n. performperformance; existexistence ; acceptacceptance confidentconfidence; d
27、ependentdependence; -ly: adj.adv.Extremeextremely; greatgreatly; lowlowly, directdirectly; frank-frankly; unfortunateunfortunately; unluckily; honestly; surprisingly; completely; fully; absolutely; utterly, violentviolently; coldcoldly, entireentirely, happyhappily; widewidely; slowslowly; occasiona
28、loccasionally; relativerelatively; nadj.: friendfriendly-al: nadj.: nationnational; naturenatural; musicmusical; additionadditional; informationinformational; -ful nadj. respectful恭敬的,successful成功的, wonderwonderful; meaningmeaningful, beautybeautiful; fruitfruitful, carecareful, peacepeaceful; plent
29、yplentiful-tion: vn, invitation, applyapplication, organizeorganization; informinformation; collectcollection; operateoperation; 一、小标题1 -tive: instructinstructive; actionactive, effecteffective; attractattractive; -y: tastetasty; salty, windy; healthhealthy; hairhairy; sandsandy; 一、小标题1 -ous: danger
30、dangerous; couragecourageous-ish having the quality of (negative) childish孩子气的,girlish女孩似的 foolish, 具有性质(贬义)complaincomplaint-th: growgrowth, widewidth, longlength-lity: responsibleresponsibility; 一、小标题1 -ness: carefulcarefulness; illillness; Typetypist; artartist; sciencescientist,journeyjournalist
31、-ee employee雇员,examinee考生,trainee学员 interviewee, examinee-er employer雇主,examiner主考人,trainer教练员, interviewer , examinertype-typical1前缀 ab-脱离: abnormal反常的anti反抗: anti-clockwise逆时针方向地,auto: 自己的、自动的:autobiography自传,automobile汽车bi-双的: bilingual双语,bicycle自行车bio-生物的:biology生物学co-与一起: cooperation合作,co-educa
32、tion男女同校(教育)counter-反,对应: counterattack反击,反攻;countermeasure对策 de-向下,否定 decrease减少,degrade使降级dis-否定,分开disagree不一致,disappear消失en- 使:enrich,enlarge扩大,enable使能ex- 前任:ex-president前总统,ex-girlfriend前女友out外:export出口,external外部的extra- 在外:extracurricular课外的,extraordinary非常的fore- 预先的,前:foresee预见,forecast预测homo
33、- 同样的:homosexual同性恋的il- 否定:illegal非法的,illiterate文盲的im- 否定:impossible不可能的,impolite不客气的 ir- 否定:irregular不规则的,irresponsibleinter- 在间:international国际的interpersonal人际关系的micro- 微小的microwave微波,microscope显微镜mini- 小miniskirt超短裙, minibus面包型公共汽车 mis-错,坏misunderstand误解,misfortune不幸out- 超过,外outnumber数量上胜过,outwei
34、gh超过over- 在上,过度overtime加班,overwork工作过度pre- 之前:predict预示,preview预习,prewar战前的 re- again, back再,回reform改革,革新;refresh提神,使精力恢复super- over, above超过superhuman 超人的,supermarket超级市场tri- three三triangle三角形,tricycle三轮车un- not否定unknown未知,unbelievable难以相信的in place of代理的,副的vice-president(大学)副校长,vice-chairman副主席2后缀
35、-ism表示行为,社会信仰,学说state, quality, act; doctrine, system capitalism资本主义,communism共产主义-less没有:careless粗心的,useless无用的-like:childlike孩子般的天真的;warlike好战的-proof 防,耐waterproof防水的,fire-proof防火的-ware 产品,商品:software软件,glassware玻璃器皿2后缀 -able/-ible capable of, suitable for能够respectable值得尊敬的,possible可能的-free withou
36、t没有ice-free不冻的,duty-free免关税的-hood state, quality表示身份,状况manhood男子汉气概,childhood童年动词的转换 形式较多,要考虑以下几个问题:1。动词在句子中语法成分,谓语或非谓语动词。2。如果是谓语动词,要考虑动词的时态、语态和主谓一致问题。如果是非谓语动词,考虑是现在分词还是过去分词。Shortshortage翻译: 1Whenwhen引导的从句包含的是次要的信息,主句描述主要的信息,这时when可翻译为“当的时候”。但如果主句描述的是已知信息,而when引导的从句包含的是新的信息,此时when强调动作的突然性,意思相当于“and
37、then”或“just at that time”。翻译: 【典型例句】When I opened the door, I found Elizabeth lying on the floor. 当我打开门,发现伊丽莎白正躺在地板上。She was having breakfast when the telephone rang.? 她正在吃早饭,突然电话铃响了。I was about to go out when it started to pour.? 我正要出去,突然下起倾盆大雨来了。2before 在之前As for a mother-to-be, be sure to weigh t
38、he risks and benefits before deciding to take the medicine. 对准妈妈来说,决定服药之前务必权衡其利弊。 之后才It was several days before I found him at the railway station. 好几天后,我才在火车站找到他。 没等就She slipped out of the office before I could say a single word. 没等我说一句话,她就溜出了办公室。 3When it comes to ?当谈到,当说及【典型例句】When it comes to th
39、e computer games, many children hold that they accustom the players to life skills such as patience and perseverance. 当谈到电脑游戏时,许多孩子认为游戏能让玩家们获得诸如耐心与坚忍等生存技能。 4It is generally / widely accepted that ? 人们普遍认为 【典型例句】It is widely accepted that the rise in teenage smoking is the inevitable result of econom
40、ic development. 人们普遍认为青少年吸烟人数上升是经济发展不可避免的结果。常见的句型还有:It is reported that 据报道It is said that 据说It is well known that 众所周知It is believed that 人们相信It is estimated that 据估计 5It goes without saying that 不言而喻【典型例句】It goes without saying that walking is a valuable aerobic exercise. 不言而喻,步行是一项有用的有氧运动。6not bu
41、t 【典型例句】I love you not because of who you are, but because of who I am when I with you. 我爱你,并不是因为你是一个怎样的人,而是因为我喜欢和你在一起的感觉。7only to do “,结果却”这个句型常用来表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果,或意料不到的事。【典型例句】Professor Smith rushed into the classroom only to find it empty.史密斯教授冲进教室,结果发现里面空无一人。She opened the envelope only to see
42、a folded cheque in it. 她打开信封,看见里面只有一张折叠着的支票。9fail to 没有, 形式上是肯定的,而意义上是否定的。【典型例句】Stuntman David Blaine failed to break the world record for holding his breath underwater on Monday. 周一,特技表演者大卫布莱恩冲击水下屏息纪录的努力失败。8as far as concerned就而言【典型例句】As far as I am concerned, violence is never a way to settle a di
43、spute. 在我看来,暴力决不是解决争端的途径。10the last person 最后的那个人【典型例句】Mary was the last person to see John alive. 玛丽是最后一个见到约翰活着的人。最不可能料到的人【典型例句】He is the last person Id expect to meet in such a place. 我怎么也没料到会在这种地方见到他。最不合适的人,最不想要的人【典型例句】Shes the last person to become a surgeon, for shes afraid of seeing bleeding.
44、她最不适合成为一名外科医生,因为她见到流血就害怕。11as well as 既又;不仅而且as well as虽然连接的是两个并列成分,但强调的重点是前面的部分,翻译时就需要先处理后面的成分,再译前面部分,这也是和not only but also的不同之处。【典型例句】He was one of the most prolific writers of the twentieth century as well as a distinguished professor at the University of Cambridge. 他不仅是剑桥大学的一位杰出教授,而且还是二十世纪最多产的作家
45、之一。12I dont think / believe / expect that这就是所谓的“否定前置”。翻译成汉语时,仍需要译为否定宾语从句的形式。【典型例句】I dont think you should miss this opportunity to update your equipment. 我认为你不应该错过这个更新设备的机会。13cannot too 无论如何也不过分;再也不过分【典型例句】You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. 你开车时再怎么小心也不过分。14It occurred to sb. that 某人突然想起
46、【典型例句】It occurred to me that I have seen this guy somewhere before. 我突然想到,以前曾经在什么地方见过这个人。15so that 如此以致汉语句子结构一般均按时空顺序和事理的内在逻辑关系相联系,语序固定且关系明确,并不象英语那样,更倾向于用连接词来表示相互间的语义关系。因此在翻译时,不能拘泥于其基本释义,千篇一律地译成“如此以致”句式,否则会令译文显得行文梗滞,生硬牵强。【典型例句】I was so tired that I could not walk any further. 我太累了,走不动了。16wonderwonde
47、r既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词。因此,翻译时我们需格外留意,作不及物动词时常译为“感到惊奇”;而作及物动词时,可以解释为“不知道”或者“想知道”,至于具体取何义,考生应根据上下文的语气和口吻,字里行间所流露出的看法和态度来决定。若说话者语气较为委婉,则翻译成“想知道”为妥。感到惊讶,惊叹【典型例句】Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. 人类无时无地不在探究他们所居住的这个世界,并且惊叹于他们所处的地方。极想知道【典型例句】I wonder why my favorite girl turned me down yesterday. 我想知道为什么我最喜欢的女孩昨天拒绝了我。不知道【典型例句】We wonder when our boss will come back from Beijing. 我们不知道老板什么时候会从北京回来。