1、Science FictionUnit 1英语英语2424字整体教学字整体教学Period ThreeGrammarReview of the passive voice达标检测 当堂检测 基础达标演练语法导学 感悟规律 重点难点剖析内容索引内容索引感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题1.It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife，Claire.2.Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed.3.Now s
2、he was being looked after by a robot that looked so human.4.As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops.语法感知语 法 导 学感悟规律 重点难点剖析1.以上句子中都使用了被动语态，句以上句子中都使用了被动语态，句1为为 的的被动语态；句被动语态；句3为为 的的被动语态；句被动语态；句4为为 的的被动语态。被动语态。2.句句2为不定式的被动语态，为不定式的被动语态，to be harmed作作allow的的 。过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时宾语补足
3、语宾语补足语一、语态概述一、语态概述英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的句子谓作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的句子谓语动词的形式是语动词的形式是“be动词的过去分词动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来短语表示出来。语法精析二、被动语态的用法二、被动语态的用法下面几种情况一般用被动语态下面几种情况
4、一般用被动语态1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。The meeting has been put off for some reason.会议已因故被推迟了。会议已因故被推迟了。2.强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。短语表示出来。A special class to help poor readers was set up by an expert in the school.学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特别班学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特别班。3.出于礼貌避免
5、说出动作的执行者时。出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。Everyone is expected to obey the following rules.希望大家遵守以下规定希望大家遵守以下规定。三、各种时态的被动语态三、各种时态的被动语态项目项目一般时态一般时态进行时态进行时态完成时态完成时态现在现在am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehas/havebeen done过去过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来将来shall/will be done无无shall/will have been done1
6、.You are invited to make a speech in our school.邀请您去我们学校作一个演讲。邀请您去我们学校作一个演讲。2.A new bike was bought for me by my parents as a gift last week.上星期父母给我买了一辆新自行车作为礼物。上星期父母给我买了一辆新自行车作为礼物。3.It is said that the meeting will be held at 800 a.m.tomorrow.据说会议将于明天上午据说会议将于明天上午8点举行点举行。4.He was being punished for
7、being late by the head teacher.他因迟到而正受到他因迟到而正受到班主任的惩罚。班主任的惩罚。5.The life of the milu deer is being studied by specialists at present.目前专家正目前专家正在研究在研究麋鹿的生活麋鹿的生活。6.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.这本书自这本书自1973年上市以来已被译成年上市以来已被译成30种语言。种语言。7.They had b
8、een warned many times before they carried out the plan.在执行这项计划之前，他们已经被警告过多次了。在执行这项计划之前，他们已经被警告过多次了。8.The work will have been finished by the end of next month.到下个月末，这项工作将要被完成。到下个月末，这项工作将要被完成。四、各种时态的被动语态中的特殊情况四、各种时态的被动语态中的特殊情况1.否定词否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。He was extremely disappoin
9、ted to hear that he would not be given a doctors degree.听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。(1)We saw him sitting there without doing anything.He was seen sitting there without doing
10、anything.我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。(2)His words made me throw up.I was made to throw up by his words.他的话令我作呕。他的话令我作呕。名师点津名师点津在主动语态中，在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式时要省略等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。3.带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接直接)宾语宾语变为主语，用变为主语，用for或或
11、to引出表示人的引出表示人的(间接间接)宾语，或将表示人的宾语，或将表示人的(间接间接)宾语变为宾语变为主语。主语。My father is telling me an interesting story now.An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.Im being told an interesting story by my father now.爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。4.动词动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动
12、结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副掉后面的介词或副词。词。The old man was often laughed at.那位老人经常被人嘲笑。那位老人经常被人嘲笑。5.主动形式表示被动意义主动形式表示被动意义(1)连系动词连系动词(如如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove 等等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来美味可口这种食物尝起来美味可口。What he said at the meeting
13、sounded encouraging.他在会上说的话听起来他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞令人备受鼓舞。(2)当当 wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后等不及物动词后加副词加副词(easily，well等等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoot
14、hly.父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。(3)need，want，require，deserve等等doing用主动形式表示被动意义。用主动形式表示被动意义。His hair needs cutting.His hair needs to be cut.他的头发需要剪了他的头发需要剪了。(4)be worth doingbe worthy to be done主动形式表被动意义。主动形式表被动意义。The novel is worth reading again.The novel is worthy to be read again.这部小说
15、值得再读一次。这部小说值得再读一次。五、动词不定式的被动语态五、动词不定式的被动语态1.动词不定式的被动语态由动词不定式的被动语态由“tobe及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式和完成式。动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式和完成式。I am very happy to be thus praised.受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。The room seems to have been b
16、roken into.似乎有人闯进过这间房子似乎有人闯进过这间房子。The boy was pleased to be taken to the zoo.男孩很高兴被带去动物园。男孩很高兴被带去动物园。The jewel seemed to have been stolen by someone.珠宝似乎被某人偷走了珠宝似乎被某人偷走了。2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况(1)动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的被动关系，且与句中动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的被动关系，且与句中另一名词或代词之间有逻辑上的主动关系时。另一名词或
17、代词之间有逻辑上的主动关系时。The poor old man only has a very small room to live in.那位可怜的老人只有一间很小的房间住那位可怜的老人只有一间很小的房间住。(2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系动词不定式跟在性质形容词后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。时。It is said that these apples are good to eat.据说这些苹果很好吃据说这些苹果很好吃。(3)某些动词某些动词(如如blame，let等等)的不定式用在的不定式用在be后作表语时，用主动形式表后作表语时，用主动形
18、式表示被动意义。示被动意义。The police thought that the careless driver was to blame for the accident.警察认为事故应归咎于粗心的司机。警察认为事故应归咎于粗心的司机。(4)动词不定式与疑问词连用时。动词不定式与疑问词连用时。With so many books on hand，Tom had no idea which book to read first.手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道应该先读哪一本。手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道应该先读哪一本。返 回.句型转换句型转换(变为被动语态变为被动语态)达 标 检 测当堂检测 基
19、础达标演练1.He plants many trees every year._2.He has read many articles by Lu Xun._3.She will finish the task in a day or two._4.She said that she would finish the task in a day or two._Many trees are planted by him every year.Many articles by Lu Xun have been read by him.The task will be finished by he
20、r in a day or two.She said that the task would be finished in a day or two.5.They were cleaning the classroom when I was there._6.The new couple bought the furniture the other day._7.The experts are discussing the problem at the meeting._8.He had left his keys before he came to my place._The classro
21、om was being cleaned when I was there.The furniture was bought by the new couple the other day.The problem is being discussed by the experts at the meeting.His keys had been left by him before he came to my place.语法填空语法填空In Alaska，the wolf almost 9. (disappear) a few years ago，because hunters 10. (k
22、ill) hundreds of them for sport.However，laws 11. (establish) to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who caught the animals for their fur.So the wolf population has greatly increased.Now there are so many wolves that they 12. (destroy) their own food supply.disappearedkilledwere establisheda
23、re destroyingA wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family.People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food.Many of the animals 13. (destroy) by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life.When the deer cant find enough food，they 14. (die).If the wolves continue to
24、kill large numbers of deer，their prey(猎物猎物) 15. (disappear) some day.And the wolves will，too.So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology.If we 16._(kill) more wolves，we would save them and their prey from dying out.Wed also save some farm animals.have been destroyed(
25、will) diewill disappearkilled返 回In another northern state，wolves attack cows and chickens for food.Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem.They 17. (believe) it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there 18. (be) a small wolf population.believeisThanksThanks
