1、Unit 3UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATIONTo review infinitives and do some exercises.Find all the sentences containing infinitives in the reading passage. Then mark their functions.1 As the subject (S) 主语主语 2 As the predicative (P) 表语表语3 As the object (O) 宾语宾语 4 As the object complement (OC) 宾补宾补5 As the attribu
2、tive (Attr) 定语定语 6 As the adverbial (Ad) 状语状语Suggested Answers: To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for . Marco Polos tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals .
3、These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. (S)(OC)(Ad) (Attr) To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and . Trading has grown greatly ., and will continue to do so in years to come. . w
4、hich will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. . there are still many other places left to explore. (P)(Attr)(O)(O; Attr)(S) . China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. . there is an urgent need to study the
5、Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. . the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. (Attr; Ad)(Attr)(Attr; Attr; OC)动词不定式动词不定式主动主动被动被动用法用法一般式一般式to doto be done表示在谓语动词所表示表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生的动作之后或同
6、时发生的动作的动作完成式完成式to have doneto have been done表示在谓语动词所表示表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作的动作之前发生的动作进行式进行式to be doing/表示正在进行的动作，表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动词所表示的动与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生作同时发生完成进行式完成进行式to have been doing/表示在谓语动词所表示表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行的的动作之前一直进行的动作动作不定式的构成与形式不定式的构成与形式不定式是非谓语动词的一种，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其不定式是非谓语动词的一种，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分，如
7、他成分，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语等。等。e.g. To say is one thing; to do is another. He wants to know his mothers secret. My dream is to write a book about my life. The professor asked her assistant to make a detailed plan. The best place to visit in May is my hometown. I returned home only to fin
8、d she had left.不定式的用法不定式的用法不定式作主语和宾语不定式作主语和宾语 常跟不定式作宾语的动词常跟不定式作宾语的动词：agree, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, intend, learn, plan, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, threaten, wish 当主语较长、谓语较短时，常用当主语较长、谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语，而将不定作形式主语，而将不定式放式放到谓语的后面。到谓语的后面
9、。 e.g. It was wise of you to refuse his invitation. 有些动词既有些动词既可跟不定式，可跟不定式，又又可跟可跟v.-ing形式形式作作宾语宾语，但意义有，但意义有所区别。这类动词所区别。这类动词有有remember, forget, regret, try, mean等等。 remember/forget/regret to do remember/forget/regret doing try to do try doing mean to do mean doing e.g. Im sorry to have done that. I di
10、dnt mean to be so rude. That doesnt mean reading it too slowly.记得记得/忘记忘记/遗憾要做某事遗憾要做某事记得记得/忘记忘记/懊悔做过某事懊悔做过某事设法做某事设法做某事试着做试着做某事某事打算、意欲做打算、意欲做某某事事 意味着意味着不同意义和用法不同意义和用法need / want(想要想要) to do sth. need / want(需要需要) / require(需要需要) + doing=need / want(需要需要) / require(需要需要) + to be done (v.-ing主动形式表被动意义主动
11、形式表被动意义) 这三个词这三个词need, want, require既既可跟不定式，又可跟可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式形式作作宾语，但意义和用法宾语，但意义和用法不同。不同。e.g. The flowers want/need/require watering once a week. The flowers want/need to be watered once a week. 被被only, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作不定式作定语。定语。 e.g. Rita was the only person t
12、o complain. He was the first man to fly across the Atlantic. Tom is the best man to do the job. 有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way等。等。 e.g. After months of unemployment, all he asked for w
13、as a chance to earn his bread.不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作状语不定式作状语 不定式不定式作状语，常表示作状语，常表示目的、原因、目的、原因、结果结果等。等。 e.g. They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten. To catch the bus, I got up at six this morning I jumped with joy to hear it. 不定式不定式作结果状语时，常用于作结果状语时，常用于“only +不定式不定式”结构，表结构，表示未
14、曾预料到的或示未曾预料到的或令人不快令人不快的结果的结果。 e.g. A friend of mine came to see me tonight. Alan lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.不定式作补语不定式作补语advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, remind, require, teach, tell, want, w
15、arn, wish, wait for, call on, depend on 跟不定式跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：作补语的动词及动词词组：e.g. I was interested in astronomy and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. Were trying to persuade manufacturers to sell them here. 感官感官动词和使役动词后常接动词和使役动词后常接省省to的的不定式不定式作宾语补足语，作宾语补足语，但但在在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式被动语态中，作主语补足语的
16、不定式to不能省略。不能省略。 e.g. Someone saw Mary enter the building about the time the crime was committed. Mary was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. (20
17、20 新课新课标全国卷标全国卷I)2. The next morning he hired a boat and set out _ (find) the well-known painter. (2020 新新课标全国卷课标全国卷III)3. Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy _ (care) for and make great presents. (2020年新课标全国卷年新课标全国卷II)to findto findto careJoin the wor
18、ds to make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive.1. He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competition2. The storm/seems/be getting closer3. Magellan/was the first person/sail around the worldHe encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition. (OC)The
19、storm seems to be getting closer. (P)Magellan was the first person to sail around the world. (Attr)4. The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts5. The crowd/stood/applaud/scientists/for their important ocean research workThe UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace
20、 and prevent armed conflicts. (O)The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work. (Ad)v. 鼓掌鼓掌6. It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them less7. The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater8. It remains/be seen/whether or not
21、 his capsule can workIt is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less. (S) The Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater. (O; O)It remains to be seen whether or not his capsule can work. (O)v. 对对征税；使纳税征税；使纳税n. 胶囊；太空舱胶囊；太空舱Read the beginning of The L
22、ittle Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks.Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. The ocean is too deep _ (measure). We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare _ (se
23、e) the most unique flowers and plants _ (dance) in the fast-moving water. to measure to see dancingIn the deepest spot of all stands the Sea Kings castle, which has walls of coral and a roof _ (form) of beautiful shells. The mother of the king, a wise woman who is proud _ (be) born into the royal fa
24、mily, takes care of his six daughters. Among the six sea-princesses, the youngest is the prettiest. Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters. to have beenformedThe most common way for the princesses _ (
25、play) all day long is _ (swim) in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls, feeding and touching the fish _ (swim) up to their hands through the windows. They seem_(not worry) about anything, except for the youngest, who to play swimming / to swim swimming not to worrySu
26、ggested answer:. who wants to see what life is like on land. She swims all the way to the surface and sees a large ship. It travelstoward her at great speed and terrifies her. She swims below the surface of the water and just manages to swim away from the big ship. She now realises that it is a scar
27、y world outside of the ocean, and she decides to stay with her family and friends under the sea.What do you think happens next?根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。1) Its my great honor _ _ _ (认识你认识你).2) Im hungry, get me _ _ _ (吃的东吃的东西西), please.3) The purpose of new technology is _ _ _ _ (
28、使生活更加容易使生活更加容易).4) The news reporter hurried to the airport, only _ _ _ (被告知被告知) the film star had left.to know you something to eat to make life easier to be told5) The teacher asked us _ _ _ _ _ _ (不要弄出这么大的噪音不要弄出这么大的噪音).6) We are leaving at six oclock, and hope _ _ _ _ _ _ (午饭前到达那里午饭前到达那里).7) They know her very well. They had _ _ _ _ (看着她长大看着她长大) since childhood.8) Though he often _ _ _ _ _ (把他的小妹妹弄哭把他的小妹妹弄哭), today he _ _ _ _ (被弄哭被弄哭) by her. not to make such loud noise to arrive/get there before lunch time seen her grow up makes his little sister cry was made to cry
