1、W Gugliemo Ebreo(1420-84),teacher of dance to the nobility,wrote a study of dance that includes first examples of choreography.W Dance moved from court feasts to ballrooms to the theatres.Intermezzos:dances performed between acts of classical drama or operasWBalletti:originally referred to dance in
2、ballrooms,came to refer to dance in theatres.Evening Ball for the Wedding of the Duc de Joyeuse c.1581 16th century:Dance at the FrenchCourtW 1581:First ballet-Le Balet Comique de la Reine aka Circe composed by Balthazar BeaujoyeulxW Court entertainment for wedding festivities at the French Valois C
3、ourtW Three geometrical dance entries carefully woven into the plot of the productionW First conscious effort to blend verse,music,dance,scenic elements and costume into a unified and coherent theatrical statement.16th century:Dance at theCourt of Queen Elizabeth IQueen Elizabeth I dancing with Robe
4、rt Dudley,The Earl of LeicesterW A skilled musician and dancer,Elizabeth I encouraged dance among all her subjects and required it of her courtiers.W Dances differed between the Upper and Lower classes.W Many Upper class dances were imported from Europe and required Dancing Masters to teach the step
5、s.W Elizabethan dancing:W youtube/watch?v=h-7IDEada8U from Elizabeth I and Elizabeth:The Golden AgeW youtube/watch?v=neaJduRIuN0 Volta from The Virgin Queen(BBC)Louis XIV performing in a balletWBallet as Western civilization knows it is an invention of artists associated with the French court of the
6、 Sun King,Louis XIVW The kings own dancing master and perhaps the first great French dancer,Pierre Beauchamps,was head of the Dance Academy.W Court composer Jean-Baptiste Lully oversaw all productions.W The ballet de cour dancers traced inventive patterns on the stage as one component of an elaborat
7、e stage presentation.W The codification of technique helped to create the later dance vocabulary and the self-contained ballet.W A trend toward a greater degree of self-expression began early in the 18th century.W Marie Camargo introduced new steps to the vocabulary and raised her skirt several inch
8、es to show off her technique.W Emphasis on en pointe dancing.W 19th century ballerinas,Marie Taglioni,Carlotta Grisi,Fanny Cerrito,Lucile Grahn and Fanny Elssler symbolize the essence of Romantic ballet,a style that stresses above all else an ethereal and floating lightness.W Title roles were create
9、d in such works as La Sylphide and Giselle that exploited their airiness and“other-worldliness”Pas de Quatre by Jules Perrot as danced at Her Majestys Theatre,London July 12th,1845 by the four eminent danseuses Carlotta Grisi,Marie Taglioni,Lucille Grahn and Fanny Cerritoin command performance for Q
10、ueen Victoria.youtube/watch?v=O4k-sRqwk_8W Ballet tells a self-contained story.W French choreographers in the vanguard:W Pierre Rameau codified the five absolute positions of the feet and encouraged a livelier,less earthbound style of dancingW Jean-Georges Noverre,the father of the ballet daction,ur
11、ged a full range of facial and bodily gestures be used to express emotion.W Milanese Carlo Blasis Code of Terpsichore,a manual of instruction became the standard ballet handbook throughout EuropeW Marius Petipa came from Italy to St.Petersburg in 1847.W As ballet master of the Imperial Maryinsky(now
12、 the Kirov)Ballet,Petipa created the core of the Russian repertoire with such works as Don Quixote,Swan Lake,The Nutcracker,and Sleeping Beauty.W Important composers such as Tschiakovsky collaborated with Petipa.W Rigorous training for dancers from a young age ensured brilliant technique.Marius Peti
13、pa1819-1910Sleeping BeautyW Preeminent Ballet Company of first three decades of 20th C.W Led by Serge Diaghelev(1872-1927),the company toured Europe and the Americas.W Choreographers included Fokine,Massine,Nijinsky and Balanchine.W Dancers included Pavlova,Nijinsky and Karasavina.W Scenic designers
14、 included Leon Bakst and Pablo Picasso.W Composers included Stravinsky,Debussy,and SatieW When company disbanded after Diaghelevs death in 1929,many artists moved to America and England.Anna Pavlova Vaslav Nijinsky 1881-1931 1880-1950Le sacre du printemps:The Rite of Spring,1913youtube/watch?v=dBgas
15、G_gm1Q&feature=relatedW After the Ballets Russes disbanded,Balanchine was asked by Lincoln Kirstein to form a ballet company in America.W In 1933 the School of American Ballet accepted its first students.W A succession of companies evolved to become the New York City Ballet in 1948.W Balanchine crea
16、ted a body of works unequaled in stylistic range and emotional variety-W Balanchine collaborated with Stravinsky and moved ballet to a purer,abstract expression W NYCB stars include Suzanne Farrell,Jacques dAmboise,Edward Villella,and Peter Martins.youtube/watch?v=6FGRUjhVujgW First to raise the sta
17、tus of interpretive dance to that of creative artW Rejected ballet as unsuited to the American characterW Performed barefoot and without tights,preferring a filmy,loose-fitting tunicW Sought models and inspiration from ancient Greek arts,nature,social dances and American athleticismW Although she fo
18、unded schools in Europe and America,her improvisational style proved difficult to replicate youtube/watch?v=mKtQWU2ifOs&NR=1Isadorables W Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts,dance school and company founded in 1915 by Ruth St.Denis and her husband,Ted Shawn;W Fostered such performers as Mar
19、tha Graham,Doris Humphry,and Charles WeidmanW St.Denis turned to Oriental dances for ideas about dance as spiritual art;later cofounded of Authentic School of Oriental Dancing,called Natya,in New York City W Shawn pioneered the role of male dancer,training male dancers and creating dances based on N
20、ative American and Western folklore.Founder of Jacobs Pillow Festival youtube/watch?v=sc4CAfppb54W“Martha Graham was to modern dance what Pablo Picasso was to modern art.”W In a career spanning 70 years,Martha Graham created 180 dance works using a variety of motifs including:W Fusion of abstract ge
21、stures to psychological symbols(Primitive Mysteries)W American mythic heritage(Appalachian Spring)W Classical tragedy(Medea,Clytemnestra)W Technique includes:emphasis on the center of the body,not its extremities;angular stances;explosive,stylized gestures,spare and abstract stage settingsW Trained
22、or influenced every important modern dancer-Jos Limn,Paul Taylor,Merce Cunningham,and Twyla Tharp-and made America the center of modern dance.Appalachian SpringMusic by Aaron CopelandChoreography by Martha Grahamyoutube/watch?v=6KIn6xHbSZg&feature=relatedW Anthropologist(PhD,U of Chicago),dancer,cho
23、reographer and educatorW Ethnic dance research in the Caribbean led her to found in 1940 the first all-black concert dance troupe,Les Ballets Negre,to perform Tropics and le Jazz HotW Choreography combined black island dances with ballet and theatrical effects.W 1945 the Dunham School of Dance was o
24、pened in New York City.W Choreographed opera(Aida,Treemonisha),Broadway(Cabin in the Sky),and film(Stormy Weather)W 1965-67 Senegals Cultural MinisterW Ran inner-city school in East St.Louis teaching performing arts to gang membersyoutube/watch?v=W23MYjH92coStormy Weather W The Ballet Theatre presen
25、ted its first performance on Jan.11,1940.W Struck a balance between tradition and experimentation.W Led for 40 years by Lucia Chase and Oliver Smith,ABT commissioned works by such leading choreographers as Anthony Tudor,Agnes DeMille and Jerome Robbins.W Celebrated performers have included Alicia Al
26、onso,Rudolph Nureyev,Natalia Makarova,Antony Tudor,and Mikhail Baryshnikov,its artistic director from 1980 to 1989.youtube/watch?v=X9uzwiKNhCk1:30W Arthur Mitchell,the first black dancer to perform with the New York City Ballet,founded the Dance Theatre of Harlem in 1971W Began with 30 children in a
27、 church basement-two months later,400 children were attending classesW The interracial company won a new audience for ballet and opened opportunities for young black dancersW Repertory expanded to encompass classical,modern,and ethnically oriented worksW Dancing Through Barriers is designed to make
28、children worldwide aware of dance.W Born in Texas in 1931,Ailey spent his formative years going to Sunday School-see RevelationsW Trained with Lester Horton,Katherine Dunham and Martha Grahman,Stella Adler among othersW 1958,Ailey founded his own company,the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater,company dedicated to enriching the American modern dance heritage and preserving black cultural expression.W First American dance company invited to the Soviet Union.W 1969,Ailey founded the Alvin Ailey American Dance Center now training 3500 students a yearRevelations youtube/watch?v=l9uEq9Sjefg
