1、171. 必修四Unit1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE非洲野生动物研究者 It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起， Following Janes way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。 Jane has studied
2、these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. 简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. 我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。This means going back to the place where we left the family sl
3、eeping in a tree the night before. 这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. 大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。 Then we follow as they wander into the forest. 然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。Most of the time, chimps either feed
4、or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. 在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。 Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. 简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. 不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。 We
5、watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. 我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一起回窝里睡觉了。We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. 我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。 Nobody before Jane
6、fully understood chimp behaviour. 在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。 Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. 从孩童时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。However, this was not easy. 但是，这不是一件简单的事。When she fir
7、st arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. 当她1960年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。Her work changed the way people think about chimps. 她的工作
8、改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。 For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. 比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. 在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。 She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. 而她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只
9、猴子，然后把它吃掉。 She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。 For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect
10、the life of these animals. 40年来，简古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. 她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。 She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. 她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。She is leading a
11、 busy life but she says: 她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. Its terrible. “我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。 It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. 每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。I say to myself, Arent they lucky? 我会对自己说：难道它们不幸运吗？ A
12、nd then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. 然后我就想起那些没有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。Once you have seen that you can never forget .一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记” She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctors degree and showin
13、g that women can live in the forest as men can. 简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的栖息地工作；获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。2. 必修四Unit 1 WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK? 为什么不继续她的事业？I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but whi
14、ch one should I choose to study at university? 上学时我喜欢英语、生物和化学，但是我进大学该选哪门专业呢？I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. 直到有一天晚上坐在电脑旁研究中国的伟大女性时，我才有了答案。 By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a
15、specialist in womens diseases. 很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章。她是妇科专家，She lived from 1901 to 1983. 1901年出生，1983年去世。 It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. 林巧稚似乎一直都在为自己选择的事业而奔忙，她去国外留学，并写了很多书和文章。One of them caught my eye. 其中有
16、一本书引起了我的注意。It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. 这是一本小书，介绍如何从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率。She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness. 她提出了一些可以遵循的简单的做法，保持婴儿清洁和健康，让他们远离疾病。 Why did she write that? 她为什么要写这些东西呢
17、？ Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? 林巧稚认为哪些妇女会需要这些忠告呢？ I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. 我细细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.也许是她们在遇到紧急情况时找不到医生。 Suddenly it h
18、it me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 突然我想起，在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊！That was a generation when girls education was always placed second to boys. 那可是一个女性受教育总是排在男性之后的年代。 Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? 难道她比别人要聪明得多？ Further reading made me realize that it w
19、as hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. 进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进医学院的大门。What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. 后来使她成功的是她对所有病人献出的爱心和体贴。There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tir
20、ed after a days work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭是不可能给她报酬的。 By now I could not wait to find out more about her. 现在我迫不及待地想多了解一些有关她的情况。 I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients
21、 and had chosen not to have a family of her own. 我发现林巧稚把毕生都奉献给了病人，而自己却选择了独身。Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. 她确保了大约五万名婴儿的安全出生。By this time I was very excited. 这时候，我非常激动。Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? 为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，
22、继续她高尚的事业呢？It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and. 现在努力提高学习成绩、准备大学入学考试还不算晚3. 必修四Unit2 A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE造福全人类的先驱者 Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works th
23、e land to do his research. 尽管是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平仍然认为自己是个农民，因为他在田里耕作，进行科学研究。Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的确，他被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助
24、他们。Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. 袁博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻的”的稻种。 In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in th
25、e same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.如今中国每年出产的稻米有60%以上出自这种杂交稻种。 Born in a poor farmers family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. 袁博士1930年出生，1953年毕业于西南农学院。Since then, finding w
26、ays to grow more rice has been his life goal. 从那时起，找到水稻高产的方法就成为他一生的目标。As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. 年轻时，他就看到了稻田增产的巨大需求。 At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. 当时，饥荒是许多农村地区面临的严重问题。Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase r
27、ice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. 袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收稻谷的途径。 In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. 1950年，中国农民只能生产五千万吨稻谷， In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. 而近来却生产了将近两亿吨稻谷。These increased harvest
28、s mean that 22% of the worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. 这一粮食产量的增加意味着中国仅仅7%的耕地养活了世界22%的人口。 Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. 袁博士现在在印度、越南和很多其他欠发达国家传播提高水稻产量的知识。 Thanks to his re
29、search, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的办法。Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。 Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. 袁博士很满意他的生活。However, he doesnt care about being fam
30、ous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. 但是，他对成名并不在意，并且觉得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。 He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. 他喜欢听小提琴乐曲、打麻将、游泳和读书。Spending money on himself or leading a comforta
31、ble life also means very little to him. 在自己身上花钱或者享受舒适的生活对袁博士来说意义不大。Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. 事实上，他认为一个人有了太多钱，他的麻烦事只会更多，而不是更少。 He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. 于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学
32、研究。 Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. 梦想是不花本钱的。 Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. 很久以前，袁博士曾在梦里看到水稻长得像高粱一样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一样大。 Dr Yuan awoke from his dre
33、am with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. 袁博士从梦中醒来，希望能种植一种能养活更多人的水稻。Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. 在很多年后的今天，袁博士还有另外一个梦想，那就是他的稻谷可以出口并长遍全球。One dream is not always enough, especially for a pe
34、rson who loves and cares for his people.一个梦想总是不够的，尤其对一个热爱和关心人民的人来说更是如此。4. 必修四Unit2 CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING? 化学耕作还是有机耕作？Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. 在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease
35、 and increase production. 很多农民喜欢使用化肥。把化肥作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。 Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health. 然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。 What are some of the problems
36、 caused by chemical fertilizers? 化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？ First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. 首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. 化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很长时间，This affects crops and, t
37、herefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. 而这会影响到庄稼，进而影响到动物和人类，因为化学成分会进入到农作物中，并且不能被冲洗掉。These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time. 随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illness
38、es. 很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。 In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. 另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。 They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals. 它们表面上很好看，但里面通常是含过多的水分，而不
39、是维生素和矿物质。 With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. 由于这些发现，一些农民和消费者开始转向有机耕作。 Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. 有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 农民关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。A health
40、y soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. 健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。 Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. 因此，有机耕作的农民通常喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。 They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. 他们认为
41、这样会使地里的土壤更富含矿物质，因而也会更加肥沃， This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。 Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. 有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土地肥沃。They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, grow
42、ing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. 在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。 例如，种玉米和小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。 Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. 像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土地肥沃的农
43、作物，比如玉米或小麦。 Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. 有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来利用不同层次的土壤。比如，他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between cr
44、ops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop还有一些有机耕作者喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。 These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging
45、 the environment or peoples health. 这些不同的有机耕作的方法有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者人们的健康。5. 必修四Unit 3 A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR无声的幽默的大师 As Victor Hugo once said, Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face,维克多雨果曾经说过：“笑容如同阳光，驱散人们脸上的阴霾”and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Ch
46、arlie Chaplin. 关于这一点，直到今天也没有人比查理卓别林做的更好。 He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. 在两次世界大战及中间艰苦的岁月里，他给英国和美国人民带来了快乐。He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives. 在人们感到沮丧的时候，查理使人们开
47、怀大笑，于是他们对自己的生活感到更加满足。 Not that Charlies own life was easy! 然而卓别林自己的生活也并不容易。He was born in a poor family in 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers. 他生于1889年，出身贫寒。他的父母都是杂耍戏院里贫穷的演员。You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as
48、 he could walk. 你可能会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。 Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. 这样的训练在当时的演员家庭中是很普遍的，尤其是在家庭收入经常不稳定的时候。 Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childho
49、od looking after his sick mother and his brother. 不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家庭更加艰难，所以查理在童年时期就要照顾生病的母亲和弟弟。 By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. 在十多岁的时候，凭借着自己的幽默，查理已经在英国成为最受欢迎的童星之一。 He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. 他能够不说话而仅靠动作来模仿傻子做日常的任务。No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining. 看他的表演没有人会感到无聊他巧妙的表演使得一
