1、B5 U1 Science and ScientistsWords and expressions 1cholera 霍乱霍乱severe adj.极为恶劣的极为恶劣的;十分严重的十分严重的;严厉的严厉的severely adv.严重地严重地;严厉地严厉地;严格地严格地1)重病/剧痛severe disease/pain 2)恶劣的天气/严冬severe weather/winter3)面临严峻挑战face severe challenges4)任何人违反法律都将被严惩。(主语从句)Whoever breaks the law will be severely punished.diarrho
2、ea n.腹泻腹泻 1)我腹泻/拉肚子。I have diarrhoea.dehydration n.脱水脱水frustrated adj.懊恼的懊恼的;沮丧的沮丧的;失意的失意的frustrate vt.挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心frustrating adj.令人沮丧的令人沮丧的frustration n.懊恼，沮丧懊恼，沮丧，令人懊恼的事物，令人懊恼的事物in frustration 懊恼地，沮丧地同义词：同义词：discouraged/depressed/disappointed1)用frustrate及其正确形式填空What _ me most was the_ r
3、esults of our teams narrow defeat in the final,after which the players looked very _ and the fans left the stadium in _.frustrated frustratingfrustrated frustrationonce and for all 最终地最终地;彻底地彻底地同义词：同义词：completely/entirely/totally 1)我们得彻底解决这个难题。We have to tackle the difficult problem once and for all
4、.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的相互矛盾的;对立的对立的;不一致的不一致的be contradictory to 与矛盾/相反contradict v.反驳反驳;与与相矛盾相矛盾1)What he said was contradictory to the truth.When we are frequently exposed to g_,we may get i_ easily.ermsnfectedinfection n.感染感染;传染传染infect vt.使使感染感染;传染传染infect sb.with sth.使某人感染上./把.传染给某人infected adj
5、.被被感染的；感染的；sb.be infected with sth.某人感染/传染上 infectious adj.有有传染性的传染性的；有感染力的有感染力的1)The _(infect)seems mild,so she should be better soon.2)When a person has an _(infect)disease,he will be separeted from others.3)The _(infect)patients are positive.4)Go away,I dont want to infect you with my cold.5)The
6、official says that few people are infected with the virus thanks to the effective prevention.infectioninfectiousinfectedgerm n.C微生物微生物;细菌细菌;病菌病菌virus n.C病毒病毒;subscribe vi.认购认购(股份股份);定期订购定期订购/缴纳缴纳(会费会费);定期捐助定期捐助subscribe to 同意/赞成;定期订阅;定期捐助subscribe A to B 把A捐赠给Bsubscriber n.订阅人；定期捐款者订阅人；定期捐款者1)I have
7、 subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.2)You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as$32 a year.3)China has subscribed many goods _ other countries to defeat the COVID-19.相近词：相近词：describe v.描述描述to同义词：同义词：contribute/donate A to Bsubscribe vi.认购认购(股份股份);定期订购定期
8、订购/缴纳缴纳(会费会费);定期捐助定期捐助subscribe to 同意/赞成;定期订阅;定期捐助subscribe A to B 把A捐赠给Bsubscriber n.订阅人；定期捐款者订阅人；定期捐款者4)他把所有财产都捐赠给了国家，希望能帮助国家渡过困难。(非谓语作状语)He subscribes all his belongings/property to his motherland,hoping to help it get through the difficulty.proof n.C&U证据证据;证明证明;检验检验&adj.防防的；的；proofs 复数复数prove v.
9、证实，证明；证明是；结果是证实，证明；证明是；结果是同义词：同义词：evidence 同类变化：同类变化：chiefs首领首领/roofs屋顶屋顶/beliefs信仰信仰1)a bullet-proof vestMothers have m_ tasksmultiply v.ultiple multiple adj.数量多的数量多的;多种多样的多种多样的multiply v.大大增加大大增加/倍增；乘；繁殖倍增；乘；繁殖1)If you multiply 6 by 9,youll get 54.pump n.C泵泵;抽水机抽水机;打气筒打气筒 water pumps household n.C
10、一家人一家人;家庭家庭;同住一套房子的人同住一套房子的人 adj.家用的家用的;全家的全家的;家喻户晓的家喻户晓的household appliancessuspect sspekt v.怀疑怀疑;疑有疑有;不信任不信任;sspekt n.C犯罪嫌疑人犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象可疑对象suspect sb.of doing sth.怀疑某人做过某事suspect sb.to be 怀疑某人是.suspect+that从句从句 怀疑.1)We suspected him _ giving away the secrets to the enemy.2)The boss suspected him to
11、 be the thief without any proof.3)I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me.4)谁拥有着同样的特征都会被怀疑是嫌疑犯。(主语从句)Whoever has the same characteristic will be suspected to be the suspect.The Devotion of Suspect X of blame v.把把归咎于归咎于.;责怪责怪;指责指责&n.责任责任;责备责备;指责指责be to blame(for sth.)(对坏事)负有责任;(因某事)
12、应受责备bear/take the blame(for sth.)(对某事)承担责任blam sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而责备某人/归咎于.to blame作表语时，主动形式表被动 1)We are to blame for the failure.2)The criminal should take the blame for the murder.3)The mother blamed his kids for their mistakes.blame v.把把归咎于归咎于.;责怪责怪;指责指责&n.责任责任;责备责备;指责指责be to blame(for sth.)
13、(对坏事)负有责任;(因某事)应受责备bear/take the blame(for sth.)(对某事)承担责任blam sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而责备某人/归咎于.blame sth.on sb.把某物归咎到某人身上lay/put the blame for sth on sb.把某事归咎于某人to blame作表语时，主动形式表被动 4)To escape from the punishment,John blamed the fire on Mary.=To escape from the punishment,John blamed Marry for the
14、fire.=To escape from the punishment,John laid/put the blame for the fire on Marry.5)Dont always blame your own failure _ others.It it you who should take the blame _it.onforblame v.把把归咎于归咎于.;责怪责怪;指责指责&n.责任责任;责备责备;指责指责be to blame(for sth.)(对坏事)负有责任;(因某事)应受责备bear/take the blame(for sth.)(对某事)承担责任blam
15、sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而责备某人/归咎于.blame sth.on sb.把某物归咎到某人身上lay/put the blame for sth on sb.把某事归咎于某人to blame作表语时，主动形式表被动 6)_(blame)for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.Blamedhandle n.C把手把手;拉手拉手;柄柄&v.处理处理;搬动搬动;操纵操纵(车辆车辆/动物动物/工具等工具等)1)处理问题/事情/危机 handle the problem/m
16、atter/crisis.同义词：同义词：solve/tackle/do with/deal with/cope withturn the handle the handle of a knifeintervention n.介入介入;出面出面;干涉干涉intervene v.干预干预/涉；调解涉；调解1)市场/政府干预market/government intervention2)非法干预illegally intervene link n.C联系联系;纽带纽带;链接链接&v.把把.连接起来连接起来;相关联相关联a link between A and B A与B之间的联系C link A
17、to/with B C把A和B连接/联系起来A be linked to/with B(by C)A与B被C连接起来/A与B相关联1)数据链a data link2)There is a direct link between diet and heart disease.3)The country has built a sea-crossing bridge,which links the island _ the mainland.4)Remember,your growth _(link)with the care and love of your parents.tois linke
18、d=connect A to/with B=join A to Blink n.C联系联系;纽带纽带;链接链接&v.把把.连接起来连接起来;相关联相关联a link between A and B A与B之间的联系C link A to/with B C把A和B连接/联系起来A be linked to/with B(by C)A与B被C连接起来/A与B相关联5)_(link)closely with many students poor perfornance at school,smartphones are banned in some schools.6)人们通常把黄色和自信、自尊和友
19、好联系起来。Peopel usually link yellow to confidence,self-respect and friendliness.Linkedraw adj.未煮未煮/生的生的;未经处理的未经处理的/原始的原始的1)原材料raw materials 2)未经处理的废物 raw wasteraw meatcooked meatpure adj.干净的干净的;纯的纯的;纯粹的纯粹的pure waterraw water n.未净化的水未净化的水substantial adj.大量的大量的;价值巨大价值巨大/重大的重大的;牢固的；牢固的；实质性的实质性的substance n
20、.C&U 物质物质;材料材料;实质实质1)证据确凿substantial proof substantial sums of moneyincrease v.增加增加 decrease dkris v.减少减少;减小减小;降低降低 dikris n.减少减少;降低降低:减少量减少量同义词同义词:reduce/fall/drop1)人口大量减少a substantial population decreasedecrease dkris v.减少减少;减小减小;降低降低decrease from A to B 从A减少到Bdecrease to.减少到.decrease by 减少了deceas
21、e in 在方面减少 dikris n.减少减少;降低降低:减少量减少量on the decrease 正在减少 1)The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.2)The price of the meat has decreased to 10 yuan.3)Average house prices decreased by 13%last year.4)This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.5)The demand for tea
22、is on the decrease in this area.表减少后的结果,后+确切的数字表示减少的程度,后+%decrease dkris v.减少减少;减小减小;降低降低decrease from A to B 从A减少到Bdecrease to.减少到.decrease by 减少了decease in 在方面减少 dikris n.减少减少;降低降低:减少量减少量on the decrease 正在减少 1)As the graphic shows,retail sales this year decreased _ 20 percent.2)Any decrease _ tour
23、ism chould have a serious effect on the local economy.3)新的法律已经生效，现在这里的野生动物的数量正在增加。The new law has come into effect,and the number of wild animals is increasing/on the increase.表减少后的结果,后+确切的数字表示减少的程度,后+%by inthanks to owing to due to as a result of because of on account of because/since/as/for 1)多亏了你
24、及时的帮助，我才能处理这个难题。Thanks to your timely help,I handled the difficult problem.2)因为天气恶劣，飞行延期了。The flight was postponed/put off/delayed owing to bad weather.The flight was postponed/put off/delayed because the weather was bad.+好的原因+从从句句+名词短语名词短语/动名词动名词 幸亏幸亏 由于由于;因为因为due to/as a result of/because of/on ac
25、count ofstatistic n.C(常用常用复数复数)统计数字统计数字;统计资料统计资料;统计学统计学1)官方/人口统计official/population statistics Probability and Statistics transform v.使改观使改观;使改变形态使改变形态;改变改变;转变转变transform A(from B)into C 把A(从B)变成CA be transformed(from B)into C A被(从B)变成Ctransformer n.促使改变的人或物；变压器促使改变的人或物；变压器transformation n.C&U改变改变;转
26、化转化1)We can transform electricity _ light energy as well as into heat energy.=Electricity can be transformed into light energy as well as into heat energy(by us).2)只有当我们把压力转化为动力，才能实现自己的目标。Only when we transform the pressure into the power,can we attain the aims.同义词：同义词：turn/change intotransporttrans
27、latetransferepidemiology n.流行病学流行病学epidemics n.流行病；流行病；microscope n.C显微镜显微镜binoculars n.(用复数用复数)双筒望远镜双筒望远镜telescope n.C望远镜望远镜microwavemicrophonethinking n.U思想思想;思维思维;见解见解thought n.C思想；关心；想法；思考思想；关心；想法；思考think v.认为认为;思考思考;思索思索;思想思想 1)Hes thinking is innovative because he always comes up with new thou
28、ghts.thought-thought 总的总的/抽象抽象概念概念,指指人的思想人的思想 具体的某个想法具体的某个想法protein n.蛋白质蛋白质 high protein food 乳清蛋白cell n.C细胞细胞;小房间小房间;单间牢房单间牢房virus n.C病毒病毒viral adj.病毒性的病毒性的go viral 像病毒般扩散；走红1)What I never expect is that almost overnight,this video would go viral.viruses 复数复数findingn.C发现发现;调查结果调查结果;(法律法律)判决判决find
29、v.找到，感到找到，感到found-foundinitial adj.最初的最初的;开始的开始的;第一的第一的(用于名词前用于名词前)initially adv.开始开始;最初最初vaccine n.C&U疫苗疫苗1)接种新冠疫苗get/receive a Covid-19 vaccine framework n.C框架，结构框架，结构1)基本理论框架the basic theoretical framework solid adj.可靠的可靠的,固体的固体的,坚实的坚实的&n.C固体固体liquid adj.液体的液体的,液态的液态的&n.液体液体1)固体材料solid materials2
30、)打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation cast v.投掷投掷;投射投射(光光/影子影子);向向投以投以(视线视线/笑容笑容)cast down 降低/使向下;使沮丧1)The little boy cast his line into the stream,catching a fish soon.2)The moon cast a bright light over the garden.3)The flames cast dancing shadows on the walls.4)He cast her an admiring glance.5)She blushed,casting her eyes down.6)He was cast down by the sad news.cast-castshadow n.C影子；阴影影子；阴影/阴暗处；阴暗处；黑眼圈黑眼圈 v.投阴影于投阴影于cast a shadow on.在某处投下/留下影子;给.蒙上阴影1)An unhappy childhood would cast a shadow on ones whole life.2)她看上去脸色苍白，眼睛下方有很深的黑眼圈。（with的复合结构）She looked pale,with deep shadows under her eyes.
